Just to jump in on the issue of meritocracy. I think this article accidentally hit the nail on the head with regards to the problem of meritocracy: there is an imperfect flow of information within the context of meritocracy at the work place. Hence networking trumps merit in this imperfect flow of information.
https://www.theonlinecitizen.com/20...rs-online-posting-he-remains-indian-at-heart/
Mr Gupta on networking and merit:
Networking, in my definition, is not just knowing a large number of people, but ensuring that people who are relevant to your job choices know you, and develop a healthy respect for your capabilities. This is often very difficult, because these people may have nothing to do with your current job; in fact, they may not even know you exist.
In the 1990s, I used to be Chief of Staff and Head of Strategy for the Citibank business in India. As part of my career thinking, I figured out that my next job needed to be an assignment that was overseas. However, it was very tough sitting in Mumbai and trying to figure out how to get an overseas assignment. So I made a list of six people in the Citibank system whom I thought could be helpful in getting my next assignment, and I thought to myself, “These people don’t know me”. My personal goal was that by the end of year, they should all know who I am and have a positive impression of me. I worked at it very systematically. If somebody came, I made sure I went there and met them. If somebody sent an email, I made sure I wrote back with an intelligent, thoughtful response. I was able to connect with those people in the course of the year.
The reality of life is people give jobs to those they know (exist)...
So what if you're the best but if no one knows you exist in the organization?
Meritocracy can be an excellent guiding principle but it fails to account for human behavoir like politicking in the office. Humans are the weakness in the system.
We can't blindly ignore human nature which results in so many unintended consequences of our meritocractic system.
Anyway one of the biggest slaps in the face of meritocracy is in our primary school admission system with preferrential treatment for alumni.
The system is having an identity crisis.