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tun_dr_m

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PLA naval yards at any moment, has under construction the new warships equal to size of 3X total strength of British Royal Navy, and yet their productivity is about 10X of the others.

https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2019-06-20/doc-ihytcerk8192892.shtml


大连造船厂干船坞又有新变化 首批8艘055舰同时开建

2019年06月20日 17:02 新浪军事



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近年来,我国的造船能力有了显著的提高,在造船热潮下,我国的各种新型舰艇接连下水,开启了“下饺子”的模式,这其中也自然少不了055型驱逐舰的身影。前不久,我国著名军事专家尹卓曾说过,在不久的将来,每个航母编队将配备2艘055型驱逐舰。而上个月10日,在2艘052D驱逐舰同时下水后,最近大连造船厂又传来好消息,干船坞又有了新变化。据悉,在船坞内,又有2艘新战舰正在进行合拢,那就意味着大连造船厂内,在建造和试验中的驱逐舰至少有7艘,其中3艘是052D,另外4艘是055。早前,江南造船厂也被传出消息,有4艘055正处于建造和试验阶段。也就是说,我国首批8艘055已经开始同时建造了,这确实是非常振奋人心的消息。
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大连造船厂最新照片
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江南造船厂
过去,以航空母舰为首,由护卫舰、驱逐舰等舰艇组成的作战编队一直是美国海军所持有的。而如今不一样了,我国也有了自己的航母作战编队。辽宁舰作为我国第一艘航母,如今已经服役近7年了,而在今年内,我国首艘国产航母的服役时间,也将进入倒计时。因此,在双航母时代即将到来之际,我国航母作战群也引起了外界的广泛关注。之前,054A护卫舰以及051C型驱逐舰等曾搭配辽宁舰,一起组成了作战编队。之后,055型驱逐舰公开亮相,它的加入也让许多军迷期待不已。
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055大驱
在今年的国际阅舰式上,万吨驱逐舰055型首次露出了真容,而之后对其的入役时间也一直是大家所关注的焦点。此前,北海舰队发布了一个宣传片,万吨大驱南昌舰现身其中,当时曾被认为,南昌舰将会加入到北海舰队。甚至李杰专家也表示,由于辽宁舰的母港设在了青岛,因此北海舰队会成为055型大驱首要考虑的舰队。在055服役后,这样的考虑不仅会有利于055就近编入航母战斗群,还能发挥出其的最大作战效能。
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南昌舰
此前,美国曾在网上发布过一篇有关我国这款新型战舰的文章,在文中是这样描述的,在排水量以及垂直发射单元数量等方面,055型驱逐舰的表现让人眼前一亮,其总是占据绝对的优势,胜人一筹。就连西方专家还曾将055的大小看作为了一艘巡洋舰。对比中国过去的驱逐舰,055的出现是一个显著的进步,所谓是恰逢其时。
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中国海军
美国还曾公开预测,中国可能将组成一支拥有20多艘055大驱的舰队。尹卓专家曾表示,对比其他大国的先进舰艇,055大驱已经不存在技术差距了,如今的055已经达到了,世界大型驱逐舰的标配。(作者署名:北方防务观察)

Dalian shipyard dry dock has new changes. The first batch of 8 055 ships were built at the same time.
June 20, 2019 17:02 Sina Military
0

In recent years, China's shipbuilding capacity has been significantly improved. Under the shipbuilding boom, China's various new types of ships have launched into the water, opening up the "dumpling dumplings" model, which naturally also contains the figure 055 destroyer. Not long ago, China’s famous military expert Yin Zhuo once said that in the near future, each aircraft carrier formation will be equipped with two Type 055 destroyers. On the 10th of last month, after the two 052D destroyers were launched at the same time, the Dalian Shipyard recently sent good news and the dry dock had new changes. It is reported that in the dock, two new warships are being closed, which means that there are at least seven destroyers in the construction and testing of the Dalian Shipyard, three of which are 052D and the other four are 055. Earlier, the Jiangnan Shipyard was also reported that four 055s were in the construction and testing phase. In other words, China’s first batch of eight 055s have begun to be built at the same time, which is indeed very exciting news.
Dalian Shipyard's latest photo Dalian Shipyard's latest photos
Jiangnan Shipyard Jiangnan Shipyard

In the past, the battle formation consisting of frigates, destroyers and other ships led by aircraft carriers has always been held by the US Navy. Nowadays, China has its own aircraft carrier combat formation. As the first aircraft carrier in China, Liaoning Ship has been in service for nearly seven years, and within this year, the service time of China's first domestic aircraft carrier will also enter the countdown. Therefore, in the era of the dual aircraft carrier era, China's aircraft carrier battle group has also caused widespread concern. Previously, the 054A frigate and the 051C destroyer were paired with the Liaoning ship to form a combat formation. After that, the Type 055 destroyer made a public appearance, and its participation also made many military enthusiasts look forward to it.
055 big drive 055 drive

In this year's international warship style, the 10,000-type destroyer 055 model revealed its true capacity for the first time, and its entry time has always been the focus of everyone's attention. Previously, the North Sea Fleet released a propaganda film, and the Nanchang ship of 10,000 tons was shown. It was thought that the Nanchang ship would join the North Sea Fleet. Even Li Jie experts also said that because the mother ship of the Liaoning ship is located in Qingdao, the North Sea Fleet will become the primary consideration of the 055 type drive. After serving in 055, such considerations will not only help 055 to be incorporated into the aircraft carrier battle group, but also play its maximum operational effectiveness.
Nanchang Ship Nanchang Ship

Previously, the United States had published an article on this new type of warship in China. It is described in the text. In terms of the displacement and the number of vertical launching units, the performance of the Type 055 destroyer is always bright, always Take the absolute advantage and win the game. Even Western experts have seen the size of the 055 as a cruiser. Compared with China's past destroyers, the emergence of 055 is a significant improvement, the so-called coincidence.
Chinese Navy Chinese Navy

The United States has also publicly predicted that China may form a fleet of more than 20 055 drives. Yin Zhuo experts have said that compared with the advanced ships of other big countries, the 055 drive has no technical gap, and now the 055 has reached the standard of the world's large destroyers. (Author's signature: Northern Defense Watch)
 

Tony Tan

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https://www.rt.com/news/462372-iran-evidence-drone-downing/


Hernia Dotard?

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Iran has ‘indisputable’ evidence US drone violated airspace, FM says
Published time: 21 Jun, 2019 09:18 Edited time: 21 Jun, 2019 09:51
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Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei seen near a Khordad 3 system, said to have been used to shoot down a US military drone earlier this week © Reuters / Fars news
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Iran’s deputy foreign minister claimed Thursday that his country has strong evidence that the downed US Navy surveillance drone violated Iranian airspace, adding that Tehran won’t hesitate “a moment” to tackle any aggression.
“There [is] indisputable evidence about the presence of this drone in Iran’s airspace,” Seyyed Abbas Araqchi said in a phone call with the Swiss envoy, Markus Leitner, adding that “some parts of [the drone’s] wreckage have been retrieved from Iranian territorial waters.”
Earlier on Thursday, the Iranian military published a video which they say shows the nation’s air defenses shooting down a high-altitude US Navy surveillance UAV.
Also on rt.com Iran got Trump message via Oman overnight warning of imminent attack with time to respond – Reuters
In the phone call, Araqchi also urged Washington to respect Iran’s borders, both aerial and maritime, telling Leitner “the Islamic Republic of Iran would not hesitate for a moment to decisively defend its territory against any aggression.”
A similar call was made by Majid Takht-e Ravanchi, Iran’s ambassador to the UN, saying it is high time the international community pressured the US into ending its “unlawful and destabilizing” actions in the Persian Gulf.
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Tony Tan

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Iran said they gave fucking Dotard Martyrs chance there was US Navy P8 with 35 American Corpse on board and Allah let them live!

NO! Nobody should give Chance to Dotard-land forces! Body Counts & Martyrs Pse! As much as possible!

MAGA!



https://www.rt.com/news/462387-iran-refrained-shooting-us-plane/


Iran refrained from targeting US plane with 35 on board flying beside downed drone – commander
Published time: 21 Jun, 2019 11:44 Edited time: 21 Jun, 2019 12:15
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The purported wreckage of the American drone is seen displayed by the Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC) in Tehran, Iran June 21, 2019. © Tasnim News Agency/ REUTERS

The commander of the Iranian Aerospace Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps claims that the downing of a US drone was a warning to an American military aircraft that was flying alongside its UAV.
Brigadier General Hajizadeh told state TV that the main reason for shooting down the drone, which marked a serious escalation in tensions with the US, was to force the American P-8 military aircraft to divert course, according to Iranian media.
#Iran’s purpose by shooting down the drone was to warn the "#US terrorist forces" as it could also target an #American P-8 military aircraft that was flying next to MQ-4C drone, but it didn’t: Brigadier General Hajizadeh pic.twitter.com/V6xT8YwB31
— Tasnim News Agency (@Tasnimnews_EN) June 21, 2019
Hajizadeh also claims that there were some 35 personnel on board the US P-8, though he did not cite a source for this figure. In addition, he alleges that the US military was warned twice of an impending strike against the aircraft if they did not change course.
"Twice we... sent warnings," Hajizadeh said, as cited by AFP.
Also on rt.com Iran releases VIDEO of US drone shoot-down
Hajizadeh added that even the US military's autonomous drone had the capabilities to relay messages to its operators thousands of miles away.
"This aircraft possesses a system which allows it to relay the signals and information it receives to its own central system," he said, adding that the order was given only after the aircraft finally entered Iranian airspace at 4:05am local time.
On Friday afternoon, the Iranian military showcased the wreckage of the US drone.
#Iran media releases first pictures of purported drone wreckage pic.twitter.com/XL9Lfx0AVt
— Michael A. Horowitz (@michaelh992) June 21, 2019
Washington maintains that its aircraft was shot down above international waters.
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Tony Tan

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Allah Hu Arkbar!


https://www.rt.com/news/462341-iran-releases-video-drone-shootdown/


Iran releases VIDEO of US drone shoot-down
Published time: 20 Jun, 2019 19:00 Edited time: 21 Jun, 2019 08:26
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© Youtube / Iran Military Tube

Video footage of Iran’s air defenses shooting down a high-altitude US Navy surveillance drone has been posted on social media by the Iranian military. It shows the missile launch and an explosion at the moment of interception.
The brief clip, filmed early Thursday morning and set to rousing music, shows a surface-to-air missile launch from an Iranian battery and the explosion of a target in the sky, said to be the ill-fated US spy drone.

The Pentagon released its own footage of the shootdown earlier on Thursday – a 15-second black and white video showing what looks to be a trail of smoke from a descending aircraft, and little else.
Pentagon releases video purporting to show the smoke trail left after a U.S. RQ-4 unmanned aerial vehicle was shot down by Iran over the Gulf of Oman pic.twitter.com/cry6WpwdrT
— Ryan Browne (@rabrowne75) June 20, 2019
Neither video definitively clarifies whether the shootdown took place over international waters or within Iranian airspace, which is a point of contention between Washington and Tehran. The Iranian video at least appears to confirm that it was a missile fired from the shore that did it.
Also on rt.com ‘You’ll soon find out’ if US will strike Iran - Trump
US Central Command (CENTCOM) deemed the incident an “unprovoked attack” in a statement on Thursday, and denied that the drone was flying over Iranian territory at the time of the strike
“You’ll soon find out,” US President Donald Trump said, when asked by a reporter if Washington would respond in kind.
Also on rt.com Downed US drone turned off ‘all identifying equipment’ in violation of intl rules, Tehran says
Tehran maintains the US drone violated its airspace, and has vowed to take all necessary precautions to protect itself if attacked.
Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif tweeted out the precise coordinates of where the drone met its demise, well within Iranian territorial waters. He added that sections of the downed US drone had been collected from the ocean.
At 00:14 US drone took off from UAE in stealth mode & violated Iranian airspace. It was targeted at 04:05 at the coordinates (25°59'43"N 57°02'25"E) near Kouh-e Mobarak.

We've retrieved sections of the US military drone in OUR territorial waters where it was shot down. pic.twitter.com/pJ34Tysmsg
— Javad Zarif (@JZarif) June 20, 2019
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tun_dr_m

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https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2019-06-21/doc-ihytcerk8312803.shtml
与我军在东海斗法近10年的"全球鹰" 如何被伊朗击落

2019年06月21日 09:33 新浪军事



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作者署名:扬基帧察站
伊朗宣布击落了一架美军的“全球鹰”大型无人侦察机。伊朗官方媒体宣称,伊朗使用的武器是该国自制的一种类似俄制“山毛榉”的中程地空导弹,美国方面由福克斯新闻最先报道此事,此后一名美国官员告诉全美广播公司(ABC),被击落的是美国海军的一架MQ-4C“海神”无人机。
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伊朗曾在阅兵式上多次展示这种名为Raad的机动式地空导弹,宣称导弹杀伤斜距达50千米,最大射高达25-27千米
“全球鹰”RQ-4A/B和“海神”MQ-4C,是在相同平台上按照军种要求搭载不同设备的产物。美国海军目前只接收了2架MQ-4C,而且都部署在太平洋方向的基地,美军之前也声称,其首次前沿部署将前往关岛。尽管存在临时改变部署计划的可能性,但其他信息也显示,此次出事儿的无人机并不属于这个尚未形成战斗力的部队。
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根据此前美国民航局发布的信息,6月15日,一架机号为166510号的MQ-4C从帕塔克森特河海军航空站起飞,抵达阿联酋的美军基地
按照这个注册号查找,遭殃的应该是部署在美国马里兰州帕塔克森特河海军航空站的另一架MQ-4C。该机实际上是利用美国空军退役的一架RQ-4A“全球鹰”Block 10的机体,搭载MQ-4C的任务系统制造的验证机BAMS-D(广域海上监视项目-验证机的缩写),也被称为RQ-4N。
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可见该机的机号正是166510号(上),涂装也与MQ-4C(下)不同
不过这还都是民间的分析,直到美军中央司令部新闻发言人不久前发话,这才确认伊朗地空导弹在霍尔木兹海峡上空的“国际空域”打掉的,确实是这架属于海军的BAMS-D验证机——也是“全球鹰”系列无人机的首个实战损失。前两天的水雷事件还没消停,搭载了不少新设备的尖端无人机又被打掉了,特朗普接下来打算唱哪出戏,很值得咱们围观一番。
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“全球鹰”一不隐身、二飞不快、三也不算飞得特别高(实用升限18000米),所以飞得近点了被地空导弹打下来并不稀奇,接下来就看美国人要卖什么瓜了
甭管事态如何发展,美军目前暂时还没有改变其他部队的部署计划,MQ-4C首次部署关岛的日子自然也就越来越近了。而在美军这个位于西太的重点基地上,“海神”的兄弟——美国空军的RQ-4B“全球鹰”已经在关岛驻扎已久,是美军侦察中国、朝鲜等亚太国家时十分得心应手的装备。
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关岛安德森基地,红框内为基地内停放的部分RQ-4B
RQ-4B一般从关岛安德森基地起飞,飞抵冲之鸟礁附近后折向鹿儿岛奄美大岛附近,进入东海后在距离我领海线100多千米的国际空域飞行,最近时距我领海线仅数十千米。美军出动该机时,一般还会配合使用E-3预警机监视我军出动拦截的歼击机、侦察机等兵力;同时派出RC-135系列和EP-3系列电子侦察机,进一步全面侦察我军情报。
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本图仅做示意用。实际执行任务时,由于其航程极大,RQ-4B在我领海外的活动距离更大、时间更长,有多种侦察航线可供选择
RQ-4B装备了先进的合成孔径雷达,其条幅式照片的成像精度可达1米级,定点照片更是可精确到0.3米级。除此之外,该机的光电/红外侦察设备也能获取7.4万平方千米内的清晰图像,理论上一天之内可以侦察14万平方千米的面积。它还能与“联合部署智能支援系统(JDISS)”和“全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)”联结,使其获得的图像实现实时传输。
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由于研制时就考虑到了与不同军种的通信控制系统相适应的特性,使得“全球鹰”不仅在美军中地位举足轻重,在北约作战体系内也如鱼得水
“全球鹰”的快速反应、长航时多功能、信息实时传输等特点,使之不仅成为美军亚太地区卫星侦察监视体系的良好补充,更是可以单独成网,为美军指挥官提供即时海空战场感知能力。而作为强敌在太平洋方向的仆从国,韩国和日本也各订购了4架和3架“全球鹰”,首架分别将于2019年和2022年到货。
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“全球鹰”系列也在不断进化,飞行性能和任务性能都有提升
随着其装备方向的扩展,我军几乎在各个方向上都要面对这款外形奇特的大型无人机。因此在和平时期,搜集“全球鹰”(包括未来的“海神”)技战术性能、任务特点、活动规律等情报,不仅有助于我防空识别区日常警巡任务,更有利于战时打击美军指挥官的这一重要“耳目”。
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2006年,一架返回爱德华兹空军基地的“全球鹰”RQ-4A局部,喷涂的RQ-4A图案和袋鼠图案代表它在美国和澳大利亚的飞行架次;左右手持刀图案代表它在阿富汗战争中飞行架次,单手持刀图案代表它在伊拉克战争飞行架次;带有两国地图的图案则代表战后它在这两个国家空域的飞行架次
由于“全球鹰”的任务高度普遍在15000-18000米之间,往往已达我军三代机挂弹构型下的实用升限,因此对其目视查证识别并不容易。直到2011年,东海舰队航空兵某师“海空雄鹰团”的两架苏-30,才在东海上空发现并跟踪拍摄了一架“全球鹰”,这是我军首次对该机目视跟踪取证。
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虽然苏-30的航程和升限均不如苏-27,但双座机多一个人的特点,更便于通过目视及使用摄像器材执行防空识别区查证巡逻的任务
随着对其活动规律的逐渐掌握,此后空军还曾使用图-154M/D大型电子侦察机,在一架“全球鹰”的航线下方执行长时间监视任务,监测了其与美、日其他情报平台之间的数据传输情况。此后当天气晴好、敌机活动空域较高时,还经常出动东部战区空军航空兵某旅的歼-8DH/DF歼击机予以识别查证;十几年下来,全军各部队在与之长期“斗法”中,都积累了不少识别、伴飞乃至干扰其侦察行动的经验。
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侦察型RQ-4以及充当战区通讯节点的EQ-4(图中可见该机多了很多通讯天线)通常都是“高举高打型”的,但“海神”这类以监视大面积海域为主要用途的型号,经常需要在阴雨天气时(特别是在和平环境下)下降高度,以更好识别目标
和“全球鹰”打交道时间长了,我军也认识到这类高空长航时无人侦察机确实是一种性价比很高的装备。被戏称为“全村鹰”的“翔龙”无人侦察机,近年来就经常在外国舰机广泛活动的南海方向监视其一举一动。尽管受限于涡喷发动机较高的耗油率,“翔龙”的续航能力确实“村”了点,但通过增加出动架次的方式也能解决广域监视问题——毕竟无人侦察机最大的优势就是便宜。
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最近南海聚了这么些个大航母中航母小航母,这个练兵机会就相当难得
前两天咱们刚说过1997年香港回归时,在南海耀武扬威的皇家海军Ocean Wave 97特混编队。这回反动势力在南海凑了这么多航母,咱们的岸基航空兵和水面舰艇肯定还是少不了要高强度出动应对;不过,既然洋人们都撑了这么大个场子了,我们也不妨猜一猜,在完成了西太演训任务之后,此时“我们的航母编队在哪里”?
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上次忘了传的那个邮票
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对阅兵后首次南下演练的辽宁舰编队来说,这也是一次战味十足的练兵机会
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How was the "Global Hawk" with our army fighting in the East China Sea for nearly 10 years? How was it shot down by Iran?
June 21, 2019 09:33 Sina military
0

Author's signature: Yankee Frame Station

Iran announced the shooting down of a US military "Global Hawk" large unmanned reconnaissance aircraft. The official Iranian media claimed that the weapon used by Iran was a medium-range ground-to-air missile similar to the Russian-made "beech" made by the country. The United States first reported this incident by Fox News, after which a US official told the National Broadcasting Corporation ( ABC), was shot down by the US Navy's MQ-4C "Poseidon" drone.

Iran has repeatedly demonstrated this kind of mobile ground-to-air missile called Raad in the military parade, claiming that the missile has a slanting distance of 50 kilometers and a maximum shot of 25-27 kilometers.

"Global Hawk" RQ-4A/B and "Poseidon" MQ-4C are products that carry different equipment on the same platform according to military requirements. The US Navy currently only accepts two MQ-4Cs, and both are deployed in bases in the Pacific. The US military also previously claimed that its first frontier deployment will go to Guam. Despite the possibility of temporarily changing the deployment plan, other information also shows that the drone of the accident did not belong to this uncontested force.

According to information released by the US Civil Aviation Authority, on June 15, a MQ-4C with a number of 166510 took off from the Patuxent River Naval Air Station and arrived at the US military base in the UAE.

According to this registration number, the other MQ-4C deployed at the Naval Air Station in Patuxent River, Maryland, USA. The aircraft is actually a RQ-4A "Global Hawk" Block 10 body retired by the US Air Force, equipped with the MQ-4C mission system manufacturing verification machine BAMS-D (wide area maritime surveillance project - the abbreviation of the verification machine) Also known as RQ-4N.

It can be seen that the machine number is exactly 166510 (top), and the painting is also different from MQ-4C (bottom).

However, this is still a folk analysis, until the US Central Command’s spokesperson spoke recently, only to confirm that Iran’s ground-to-air missiles were destroyed in the “international airspace” over the Strait of Hormuz. It’s indeed this navy. The BAMS-D Verifier - the first actual loss of the "Global Hawk" series of drones. The mines in the first two days have not stopped, and the cutting-edge drones equipped with a lot of new equipment have been knocked out. What Trump is going to sing next is worthy of watching.

"Global Hawk" is not invisible, the second flight is not fast, and the third is not particularly high (the practical limit is 18,000 meters), so it is not unusual to fly near the ground-to-air missile, and then look at the Americans. What to sell?

Regardless of how the situation has developed, the US military has not yet changed the deployment plan of other units. The day when MQ-4C first deployed Guam is naturally getting closer. At the US military's key base in West Pacific, the brother of "Poseidon" - the RQ-4B "Global Hawk" of the US Air Force has been stationed in Guam for a long time. It is a very capable equipment for the US military to scout China, North Korea and other Asia-Pacific countries. .

At the Anderson base in Guam, the red box is part of the RQ-4B parked in the base.

The RQ-4B generally takes off from the Anderson base in Guam. It flies near the Okinawa Reef and then turns to the vicinity of Kagoshima's Amami Island. After entering the East China Sea, it flies in the international airspace more than 100 kilometers from my territorial waterline. The line is only a few tens of kilometers. When the US military dispatched the aircraft, it would generally cooperate with the E-3 early warning aircraft to monitor the fighters and reconnaissance aircraft that our military dispatched and intercepted. At the same time, the RC-135 series and the EP-3 series electronic reconnaissance aircraft were dispatched to further reconnaissance our military intelligence.

This figure is for illustrative purposes only. In the actual execution of the mission, due to its extremely large range, RQ-4B has a greater range of activities and longer time in my overseas missions. There are a variety of reconnaissance routes to choose from.

The RQ-4B is equipped with an advanced synthetic aperture radar. Its image quality can be up to 1 meter, and fixed-point photos can be accurate to 0.3 meters. In addition, the machine's photoelectric / infrared reconnaissance equipment can also obtain clear images within 74,000 square kilometers, theoretically within a day can detect 140,000 square kilometers of area. It also interfaces with the Joint Deployment Intelligent Support System (JDISS) and the Global Command and Control System (GCCS) to deliver real-time images.

Since the development has taken into account the characteristics of the communication control system of different services, the "Global Hawk" not only plays an important role in the US military, but also in the NATO combat system.

The rapid response of the Global Hawk, long-term versatility, and real-time information transmission make it not only a good complement to the US satellite surveillance system in the Asia-Pacific region, but also a separate network to provide immediate air and sea for US military commanders. Battlefield perception. As a servant country with strong enemies in the Pacific, South Korea and Japan have also ordered four and three Global Hawks, the first ones will arrive in 2019 and 2022 respectively.

The Global Hawk series is also evolving, improving flight performance and mission performance.

With the expansion of its equipment direction, our army has to face this strange large-scale drone in almost every direction. Therefore, in peacetime, collecting information on the technical and tactical performance, mission characteristics, and activity rules of the "Global Hawk" (including the future "Poseidon") will not only help me in the daily police patrol mission of the air defense identification zone, but also help the US military in wartime. This important "eyes and ears" of the commander.

In 2006, a part of the Global Hawk RQ-4A that returned to Edwards Air Force Base, painted RQ-4A patterns and kangaroo patterns represented its flight schedules in the United States and Australia; the left and right hand-held knife patterns represented it flying in the Afghan war The number of single-handed knives represents its flight in the Iraq war; the pattern with the map of the two countries represents its flight in the airspace of the two countries after the war.

Since the mission of the "Global Hawk" is highly prevalent between 15000-18000 meters, it has often reached the practical ceiling of our third-generation aircraft hanging configuration, so it is not easy to visually identify it. Until 2011, two Su-30s of the East China Sea Fleet Aviation Division’s “Air and Sea Eagles” discovered and tracked a “Global Hawk” in the East China Sea. This was the first time our army tracked the aircraft visually. Forensics.

Although the range and ceiling of the Su-30 are not as good as the Su-27, the characteristics of the two-seater are more than one person, making it easier to perform the task of verifying the patrol by visually observing and using the camera equipment.

With the gradual mastery of its law of activity, the Air Force also used the large-scale electronic reconnaissance plane of the 154M/D to perform long-term surveillance missions under the “Global Hawk” route, monitoring other information with the United States and Japan. Data transfer between platforms. Since then, when the weather is fine and the airspace of the enemy aircraft is relatively high, the 歼-8DH/DF fighters of a certain air force aviation brigade in the Eastern Theater have been dispatched to identify and verify. After more than a decade, all the troops of the whole army are in the long-term "fighting law". They have accumulated a lot of experience in identifying, flying and even interfering with their reconnaissance operations.

The reconnaissance RQ-4 and the EQ-4, which acts as a communication node for the theater (there are many communication antennas in the figure), are usually “high-lifting and high-profile”, but “Poseidon” is mainly used to monitor large areas of the sea. Models of use often need to be lowered in rainy weather (especially in a peaceful environment) to better identify targets

It took a long time to deal with the "Global Hawk", and our military also realized that such high-altitude long-haul unmanned reconnaissance aircraft is indeed a cost-effective equipment. The "Xianglong" unmanned reconnaissance aircraft, dubbed "the whole village eagle", has been monitoring its every move in the direction of the South Sea, where foreign warships are widely active in recent years. Despite the high fuel consumption rate of the turbojet engine, the longevity of Xianglong is indeed a “village”, but the wide-area surveillance problem can also be solved by increasing the number of trips – after all, the unmanned reconnaissance aircraft is the largest. The advantage is cheap.

Recently, the South China Sea has gathered such a large aircraft carrier aircraft carrier small aircraft carrier, this training opportunity is quite rare

The first two days, we just said that when the return of Hong Kong in 1997, the Royal Navy Ocean Wave 97 special mixed team in the South China Sea. This reactionary force has assembled so many aircraft carriers in the South China Sea. Our shore-based aviation and surface ships must still have high-intensity response; however, since foreigners have supported such a large field, we may also guess. After completing the Xitai training mission, at this time, "Where is our aircraft carrier formation?"

The stamp that was last forgotten

For the Liaoning Naval Formation, which was the first to practice in the south after the military parade, this is also a war-torn training opportunity.
 

tun_dr_m

Alfrescian
Loyal
https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2019-06-21/doc-ihytcerk8302717.shtml



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新浪军事 > 军事深度>正文





美军公布无人机被击毁现场:全球鹰冒着浓烟坠落

2019年06月21日 08:48 新浪军事



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动图,美方公布的海神无人机被击落影像
格林威治时间6月19日23时35分,一架美国海军的大型无人机在霍尔木兹海峡一带被击落。
美国中央司令部声称,一架美海军的大型无人侦察机被伊朗击落在霍尔木兹海峡中。据负责中东地区的美中央司令部约瑟夫。夸斯泰拉准将(Lt。 Gen。 Joseph Guastella, Commander)发表的声明称:
“一架美国海军的RQ-4正在阿曼和霍尔木兹海峡上空飞行, 伊朗革命卫队从位于伊朗Goruk附近,发射地对空导弹击落了美军无人机。伊朗事先毫无警告,对在国际空域的美国侦察机发起了攻击。 攻击试图扰乱对该地区的监视并影响航运安全。”
“伊朗声称,飞机在伊朗领空被击落是错的。”
当时这架无人机正在国际空域的高空飞行,距离伊朗海岸最近为34千米。
美方公布的视频,显示一架飞机冒着黑烟从高空坠落下来。
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MQ-4C海神无人侦察机
据航空家网的消息,被击落无人机是一架美国海军的全球鹰大型无人侦察机,具体型号是RQ-4A UAS,这架无人机6月15日从美国前往海湾地区,进驻阿联酋的达哈夫空军基地,据称正在为美国海军的MQ-4C“海神”大型无人侦察机测试新设备。
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MQ-4C海神无人侦察机
应当说,这是一架早期型的海神无人机。这种无人机外形上与美国空军的全球鹰无人机侦察类似,不过飞机腹部像是孕妇肚子一样,有一个大型雷达罩,里面是AN/ZPY-3型多功能相控阵雷达,可以精确识别海面目标和潜艇的潜望镜。这种体积庞大、飞行速度慢,主要用于海面监视和舰船的识别,为了精确辩识舰船的舷号,这种无人机经常从近2万米的高空下降到1000米左右的高度,是很容易被中程防空导弹击落的。
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被击落无人机,数日前刚从美国本土飞抵中东
被击落这架无人机是一架RQ-4A Block 10 型无人机,美国海军2006年从美国空军手中买了5架这种无人机用于飞行测试,主要部署在美国马里兰州的潘塔克森河航空兵基地的第20测试中队(Patuxent River ,VX-20)。
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MQ-4C海神无人侦察机(图片来自诺格公司)
海神无人侦察机飞行高度可达20000米,一次飞行侦察270万平方海里的海面,美国海军计划采购68架MQ-4C海神无人侦察机。
美伊关系尽管紧张,但没有爆发大规模冲突的可能。紧张的局势推高油价,也符合美国大资本家的利益。近年来,美国页岩油开发取得突破,美国已经从石油进口国变成净出口国,而且储量丰富。未来,美方很可能对伊朗革命卫队的防空部队进行打击,通常这种袭击需要准备三天左右,最常用的手段是巡航导弹。(作者署名:阿库拉)



https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2019-06-21/doc-ihytcerk8306620.shtml


被伊朗击落的无人机有多宝贵:美军只有不到10架

2019年06月21日 09:01 澎湃新闻



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被击落的无人机是MQ-4C“海神”的验证机——RQ-4A BAMS-D(广域海上监视项目验证机)。
在美伊关系不断下行和波斯湾油轮遇袭事件的背景下,伊朗击落美国海军战略级无人机给地区紧张局势再添了一把火。
美国海军官员6月20日证实,一架美国军用无人机在霍尔木兹海峡上空被伊朗地对空导弹击落。
“全球鹰”家族第一架被击落无人机
伊朗武装力量最先披露了美国无人机被击落的消息。伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队在当地时间20日早上发表声明称,在该国东南部沿海省份霍尔木兹甘击落了一架入侵的美国无人侦察机。声明称,这架美国制造的“全球鹰”无人侦察机在侵犯伊朗领空后,被伊朗空军击落。
伊朗发表声明后,美军方最初没有证实有无美军无人机被击落。美联社报道称,美国中央司令部发言人厄本(Bill Urban)上尉拒绝置评,但他表示:“没有无人机飞过伊朗领空。”
但几个小时后,美国海军一名匿名官员告诉媒体,美海军一架MQ-4C“海神”无人机在霍尔木兹海峡附近被伊朗击落。最新的消息显示,被击落的无人机是MQ-4C“海神”的验证机——RQ-4A BAMS-D(广域海上监视项目验证机)。
伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队对美国无人机在伊朗南部被击落一事做出澄清并指出,美国无人机在飞行时关闭了机上识别设备。伊朗塔斯尼姆通讯社报道说,关闭了应答器的无人机从海湾南部美军基地起飞后秘密取向伊朗港口城市恰巴哈尔,然后向西飞行。据了解,应答器是一种敌我识别装置,在收到己方询问信号时,能回答一组编码信号,供问方识别。
伊斯兰革命卫队指挥官侯赛因·萨拉米将军说,被击落的无人机正在伊朗领空上空执行任务,此次击落事件是为了向华盛顿传递一个“明确的信息”。这个信息就是:伊朗伊斯兰边界的守卫者将果断回应任何陌生人对这片土地的侵犯。如果要避免这种损失,唯一的办法就是尊重伊朗的领土完整和国家利益。”
美国中央司令部在一份后续声明中证实RQ-4A无人机被击落。但称这次袭击是“无缘无故的”,并表示无人机正在国际空域飞行。
对于伊朗击落美国无人机一事,美国总统在其个人推特账号上表示,“伊朗犯了一个非常大的错误。”
无论是RQ-4A BAMS-D还是MQ-4C“海神”,都属于美军“全球鹰”无人机家族,这也是该家族第一架被击落的无人机。
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目前,“海神”无人机加上验证机数量还是个位数,可以说是美国海军的战略“宝贝”。
战略级无人机,服役数量个位数
根据美国民航局公布的信息,6月15日,RQ-4A BAMS-D从美国马里兰州的帕克特森河航空站起飞,飞往中东部署在阿联酋达哈夫拉空军基地。外界分析认为,伊朗击落的无人机很可能是这架刚部署至阿联酋的RQ-4A BAMS-D。
作为MQ-4C“海神”无人机是验证机,RQ-4A BAMS-D由RQ-4A“全球鹰”无人机改装而来,配备了“广域海上监视项目”的电子设备,通过雷达、光电和电子情报装置搜集多种类型的情报。
美国《新闻周刊》此前刊文称,负责研发工作的诺·格公司的一份声明说,“海神”无人机提供了“无与伦比的续航能力和360度的扫描能力,海上情报、监视和侦察任务的范围因而得到极大扩展”。
根据诺·格公开的资料,“海神”无人机全长14.5米,翼展39.9米,重14628公斤,最大航速610公里/小时,飞行高度18000米,最大航程15186公里,最长滞空时间30小时。飞机翼展和体型均要超过波音-737客机。
“这是美国海军首次在中东部署这种无人机,主要目的是想凭借该机强大的侦察能力,在中东搜集情报信息,还有一个目的可能是借中东比较严峻的局势,检验该机的实战能力。”军事专家韩东告诉澎湃新闻。
“美国研制‘全球鹰’系列无人机是为了替代U-2侦察机,因此在美军装备体系中,该机是一种战略级无人机。”韩东指出。
根据相关资料,“海神”无人机可完成远程监视和战区高空战场监视等任务,其单波次任务就可覆盖700万平方千米的区域,执行持久情报搜索、监视与侦察的任务半径达3700千米。一旦战争爆发,该无人机就可以24小时在关注的海域进行不间断地执行任务,成为海洋监视卫星的重要补充。
目前,美国海军拥有2架“海神”无人机,部署在加州幕古点航空站。首架在2017年10月服役。今年下半年,美国海军将在关岛安德森空军基地部署2架MQ-4C长航时高空无人机。据悉,第19无人巡逻中队人员将于今年夏天抵达关岛,在2021年MQ-4C取得初始作战能力之后会向关岛增派2架MQ-4C,部署数量达到4架。
这4架部署在关岛的MQ-4C无人机可满足其对西太地区不间断大范围监视的需求。美国海军人士曾透露,MQ-4C无人机服役后,将执行每周7天、每天24小时持续监视任务。这一任务需动用4架飞机:一架在空中,一架在返航,一架在地面待命,还有一架备用。
在低速率试生产阶段,诺·格公司每年将生产3架“海神”无人机,美国海军计划总共采购68架该型无人机。但美国海军航空系统司令部(NAVAIR)负责MQ-4C项目的吉姆·霍克上校此前透露,海军可能考虑减少“海神”无人机的采购数量,因为它的可靠性高出预期。
根据美国海军规划,2032年之前,美军将在全球5个基地完成“海神”无人机的部署,与117架P-8A反潜巡逻机一起,实现监视全球海洋的目的。
除了美国海军,澳大利亚也采购了这种侦察能力强大的无人机。去年6月,澳政府宣布采购6架美国MQ-4C“海神”无人机中的第一架,6架无人机的交易总价约为70亿澳元(约51亿美元)。

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美军一架无人机被伊朗击落







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The US military announced that the drone was destroyed: the global eagle fled with heavy smoke
June 21, 2019 08:48 Sina Military
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In the animation, the U.S. sea-going drone was shot down, and the U.S. sea-manner drone was shot down.

At 23:35 on June 19, Greenwich Mean Time, a large US Navy drone was shot down in the Strait of Hormuz.

The US Central Command claimed that a large US Navy reconnaissance aircraft was shot down by Iran in the Strait of Hormuz. According to Joseph, the US Central Command responsible for the Middle East. A statement issued by Brigadier General Quarteira (Lt. Gen. Joseph Guastella, Commander) stated:

"A US Navy's RQ-4 is flying over the Oman and Hormuz Straits. The Iranian Revolutionary Guard fired ground-to-air missiles near Goruk, Iran, and shot down US drones. Iran has no warning beforehand. The US air reconnaissance plane launched an attack. The attack attempted to disrupt surveillance in the area and affect shipping safety."

"Iran claims that it is wrong to shoot down the Iranian airspace."

"At the time, the drone was flying at high altitude in the international airspace, 34 kilometers from the Iranian coast."

The video released by the US shows that a plane crashed from the sky with black smoke.
MQ-4C Poseidon Unmanned Reconnaissance Aircraft MQ-4C Poseidon Unmanned Reconnaissance Aircraft

According to the news of the airline network, the drone drone was a US Navy's Global Hawk large unmanned reconnaissance aircraft. The specific model was RQ-4A UAS. The drone went to the Gulf region from the United States on June 15 and stationed. The Dahaf Air Force Base in the United Arab Emirates is reportedly testing new equipment for the US Navy's MQ-4C "Poseidon" large unmanned reconnaissance aircraft.
MQ-4C Poseidon Unmanned Reconnaissance Aircraft MQ-4C Poseidon Unmanned Reconnaissance Aircraft

It should be said that this is an early type of Poseidon drone. This drone is similar in appearance to the US Air Force's Global Hawk drone reconnaissance, but the belly of the aircraft is like a pregnant woman's belly. It has a large radome with an AN/ZPY-3 multi-function phased array radar. A periscope that accurately identifies sea targets and submarines. This kind of bulky and slow flight speed is mainly used for sea surface surveillance and ship identification. In order to accurately identify the ship's ship's number, the drone often drops from an altitude of nearly 20,000 meters to a height of about 1000 meters. It is very easy to be shot down by medium-range air defense missiles.
He was shot down by drones and flew from the United States to the Middle East a few days ago. He was shot down from the United States and flew to the Middle East from the United States a few days ago.

The drone was shot down by an RQ-4A Block 10 drone. The US Navy purchased five of these drones from the US Air Force in 2006 for flight testing, mainly deployed in Pan, Maryland, USA. The 20th test squadron of the Taksen River Aviation Base (Patuxent River, VX-20).
MQ-4C Poseidon Unmanned Reconnaissance Aircraft (picture from Nog Company) MQ-4C Poseidon Unmanned Reconnaissance Aircraft (picture from Nog Company)

The Poseidon unmanned reconnaissance aircraft can fly up to 20,000 meters, and a flight reconnaissance 2.7 million square nautical miles of sea surface. The US Navy plans to purchase 68 MQ-4C Poseidon unmanned reconnaissance aircraft.

Although the US-Iranian relationship is tense, there is no possibility of a large-scale conflict. The tense situation pushes up oil prices, which is also in the interest of the big capitalists of the United States. In recent years, breakthroughs have been made in the development of shale oil in the United States. The United States has changed from an oil importing country to a net exporter, and its reserves are abundant. In the future, the US is likely to crack down on the Iranian Revolutionary Guard's air defense units. Usually, such attacks need to be prepared for about three days. The most common means is cruise missiles. (Author's signature: Acura)



How valuable is the drone that was shot down by Iran: there are fewer than 10 US troops.
June 21, 2019 09:01 澎湃News
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The drone that was shot down was the MQ-4C "Poseidon" verification machine - RQ-4A BAMS-D (wide-area maritime surveillance project verification machine).

Against the backdrop of the ongoing downs of US-Iranian relations and the attack on the Persian Gulf tanker, Iran’s shooting down of US Navy’s strategic-grade drones added another fire to regional tensions.

US Navy officials confirmed on June 20 that a US military drone was shot down by Iranian surface-to-air missiles over the Strait of Hormuz.

The first "Global Hawk" family was shot down by drones

The Iranian armed forces first disclosed the news that the US drone was shot down. The Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guards issued a statement on the morning of the 20th local time, saying that in the southeastern coastal province of the country, Hormuzgan shot down an invading US unmanned reconnaissance aircraft. The statement said that the US-made "Global Hawk" unmanned reconnaissance aircraft was shot down by the Iranian air force after violating Iranian airspace.

After Iran issued a statement, the US military did not initially confirm whether or not the US military drone was shot down. The Associated Press reported that Captain Bill Urban, the US Central Command spokesman, declined to comment, but said: "There are no drones flying over Iranian airspace."

But a few hours later, an anonymous US Navy official told the media that a US Navy's MQ-4C "Poseidon" drone was shot down by Iran near the Strait of Hormuz. The latest news shows that the drone that was shot down was the MQ-4C "Poseidon" verification machine - RQ-4A BAMS-D (wide-area maritime surveillance project verification machine).

The Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard clarified the shooting of U.S. drones in southern Iran and pointed out that U.S. drones turned off onboard identification equipment while flying. The Iranian Tasnim news agency reported that the drone that had turned off the transponder took off from the US military base in the southern part of the Gulf and secretly directed the Iranian port city of Chabahar and then flew west. It is understood that the transponder is a kind of identification device for the enemy and the enemy. When receiving the inquiry signal from the enemy, it can answer a set of coded signals for the challenger to identify.

The Commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, General Hussein Salami, said that the drones that were shot down were carrying out missions over Iranian airspace. The shooting was to send a "clear message" to Washington. The message is that the guardians of the Iranian Islamic border will respond decisively to any stranger's violation of the land. The only way to avoid such losses is to respect Iran’s territorial integrity and national interests. ”

The US Central Command confirmed in a follow-up statement that the RQ-4A drone was shot down. However, the attack was called "no reason" and said that the drone is flying in international airspace.

For Iran’s shooting down of U.S. drones, the U.S. president said on his personal Twitter account that "Iran made a very big mistake."

Whether it is RQ-4A BAMS-D or MQ-4C "Poseidon", it belongs to the US Army "Global Hawk" drone family, which is also the first drone of the family to be shot down.

At present, the number of "Poseidon" drones plus verification machines is still a single digit, which can be said to be the strategic "baby" of the US Navy.

Strategic drone, single digits in service

According to information released by the US Civil Aviation Authority, on June 15, the RQ-4A BAMS-D took off from the Paktensen River Air Station in Maryland, USA, and flew to the Middle East to deploy at the Dhaflav Air Force Base in the United Arab Emirates. According to outside analysis, the drone that Iran shot down is likely to be the RQ-4A BAMS-D that has just been deployed to the UAE.

As the MQ-4C "Poseidon" drone is a verification machine, the RQ-4A BAMS-D is modified from the RQ-4A "Global Hawk" drone, equipped with a "wide-area maritime surveillance project" electronic equipment, through the radar , optoelectronic and electronic intelligence devices collect multiple types of intelligence.

US Newsweek previously published a statement from Norfolk, which is responsible for research and development. The "Poseidon" drone provides "unparalleled endurance and 360-degree scanning capability, maritime intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance. The scope of the task has thus been greatly expanded."

According to the information published by Nogues, the "Poseidon" drone has a total length of 14.5 meters, a wingspan of 39.9 meters and a weight of 14,628 kilograms. The maximum speed is 610 kilometers per hour, the flight altitude is 18,000 meters, the maximum range is 15,186 kilometers, and the longest time is 30. hour. The aircraft's wingspan and size are both higher than those of the Boeing-737.

"This is the first time the US Navy has deployed such a drone in the Middle East. The main purpose is to use the powerful reconnaissance capability of the aircraft to collect intelligence information in the Middle East. Another purpose may be to test the aircraft through the more severe situation in the Middle East. Practical ability." Military expert Han Dong told Yu News.

"The United States developed the 'Global Hawk' series of UAVs to replace the U-2 reconnaissance aircraft, so in the US military equipment system, the aircraft is a strategic-class drone." Han Dong pointed out.

According to relevant information, the "Poseidon" drone can complete tasks such as remote surveillance and high-altitude battlefield surveillance in the theater. Its single-wave sub-task can cover 7 million square kilometers of area, and the task radius of performing permanent intelligence search, surveillance and reconnaissance is up to 3700 km. Once the war broke out, the drone could perform uninterrupted missions in the waters of concern 24 hours a day, becoming an important complement to the ocean surveillance satellite.

Currently, the US Navy has two "Poseidon" drones deployed at the Airport Station in Curio, California. The first service will be in service in October 2017. In the second half of this year, the US Navy will deploy two MQ-4C long-haul high-altitude drones at the Anderson Air Force Base in Guam. It is reported that the 19th unmanned patrol squadron will arrive in Guam this summer. After the initial combat capability of the MQ-4C in 2021, it will send two additional MQ-4Cs to Guam, and the number of deployments will reach four.

The four MQ-4C drones deployed in Guam will meet their uninterrupted and extensive surveillance needs in the Western Pacific region. US Navy sources have revealed that after the MQ-4C drone is in service, it will perform continuous surveillance tasks 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. This mission requires the use of four aircraft: one in the air, one on the return flight, one on the ground, and one on standby.

In the low-rate pilot production phase, Northrop Grumman will produce three "Poseidon" drones each year, and the US Navy plans to purchase a total of 68 such drones. However, Colonel Jim Hawke, who is responsible for the MQ-4C project of the US Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), previously revealed that the Navy may consider reducing the number of purchases of the "Poseidon" drone because its reliability is higher than expected.

According to the US Navy's plan, before 2032, the US military will complete the deployment of the "Poseidon" UAV at five bases around the world, together with 117 P-8A anti-submarine patrol aircraft, to achieve the purpose of monitoring the global ocean.

In addition to the US Navy, Australia has also purchased such a powerful reconnaissance drone. In June last year, the Australian government announced the purchase of the first of six US MQ-4C "Poseidon" drones, with a total transaction price of about 7 billion Australian dollars (about 5.1 billion US dollars).
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A U.S. drone was shot down by Iran
 

democracy my butt

Alfrescian
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Chinese sold low cost missiles in middle east smashed M1A2 cheaply and easily using HJ-8 series of anti-tank missiles, which can be launched by single militants, with low amount of training。 Yet PLA will use helicopter / combat vehicle launched HJ-10 even longer ranged and more killing. PLA tested, HJ-10 can easily kill not one but 2 T-72 parked side by side from the side. Yes! It will penetrate the 2nd tank even after penetrated through the 1st tank. 3 time through their side Armour, 1st taank 1 in + one out, 2nd tank 1 in penetration!









https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2019-06-21/doc-ihytcitk6712862.shtml

台军欲购108辆M1A2坦克 若开战或在短时间内全军覆没

2019年06月21日 11:54 观察者网



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台军嚷嚷着要采购美军的M1系列主战坦克这件事儿,从某种意义上讲,跟“中国人民解放军要采购苏-35战机”、“印度空军要采购Rafale F3战斗机”、“日本空自要采购F-22”一样,属于本世纪10年代各大军事媒体上的“月经话题”。
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现在时过境迁,中国人民解放军确实拿到了那二十多架苏-35SK型战斗机,印度空军在纸面上也确实拿到了几架Rafale F3战斗机,日本空自尽管没拿到F-22但好歹拿到了F-35A,连一血都已经送出去了。从这个角度来看,台军近日宣布“锐捷”专案终于得到美方批复、即将进入实质性的执行阶段,也算是了了不少军宅心中的一个心结——月经这么多年的话题终于落地成锤了。
台军采购M1系列坦克靠谱吗?
当然,台军采购M1系列主战坦克这件事儿还是在不少人心中多多少少掀起了一些波澜——得益于美军M1A2SEP型主战坦克在伊拉克战争中相对优良的表现和长久以来对莱茵金属公司优秀产品L-44/RH-120型120毫米坦克炮与美军装备的M829系列穿甲弹的敬畏,大家不禁为M1坦克进入台军后可能会对我人民解放军可能的两栖攻击作战造成的威胁而担忧。
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其实你让笔者来讲这件事儿,就是一句话:威胁还是有的,但是如果细细分析整个“锐捷”专案,从“锐捷”专案本身分析到这批M1系列主战坦克的具体性能,从这批主战坦克的具体性能分析到某分裂势力军队可能会拿这批坦克承担怎样的战术任务,我们很快就会发现:这件事儿根本就没有这么简单,我们并不是一点机会都没有。
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我们先说台军向美军采购M1系列主战坦克的“锐捷”专案本身,正如我们之前多次提到的那样,在部分境外国家或地区的军队中,其军队、政客、财团、公司之间的四角关系非常复杂,很多军备采购并不能用单纯的战役战术使命需要来进行考量,最典型的就比如美军最近几年踩了两个大雷的LCS和DDG1000项目。
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就以台军2014年开始捣鼓的“凤展”专案(也就是有名的把手头的F-16A/B Block20升级到最新版本的F-16V)来讲,这一项目在2015年到2016年的加速很大程度上得益于时任防务部门负责人、前台湾空军副总司令冯世宽上将的力推,力推到在“立法委”接受“立委”质询的时候口不择言地说出了“F-16V足以抗衡大陆歼-20”这种笑话;
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再说“锐捷”专案,其实台军早在21世纪初就频频传出要采购美军M1主战坦克的消息,采购型号一变再变,从M1A1到M1A2再到M1A2SEP变了好几次,但是这一项目从2018年开始突然加速,短短1年半时间就从画大饼变成了实锤,配合着2018年2月走马上任台防务部门负责人的前台军陆军司令严德发上将,个中到底有什么缘由,这一项目到底是经过了严格论证,还是又玩“你搞新项目那我也必须搞一个,你搞空军那我就搞陆军”这种把戏,只有天知道。
c88e-hyrtarw9358798.jpg

不过,军种内部撕逼归撕逼,高官刷政绩归刷政绩,这“锐捷”专案编列的108辆坦克该有还是一定会有的,而且在目前这种中美关系下,怕是美军的装备交付、配套保障、人员培训的速度都会比预想中的要快得多。当然,还有一个非常重要的问题:送到台军手上的这108辆坦克,战术性能到底如何?
这批M1坦克战术性能如何?
我们都知道,美制的M1系列主战坦克并不是只有一个型号,而是以一套动力组总成(以AGT-1500燃气轮机为核心)与一套基本车体设计为基础,改出来的一系列主战坦克的总称:
5cdf-hyrtarw9358841.jpg

最早期的装备105毫米口径M68A1型线膛坦克炮的M1白板型号在性能上堪称坦中之屑,连苏军自用版的T-72B在理论上都无法抗衡;1986年实施深度改进的M1A1型主战坦克其正面主装甲沿用了M1IP(M1增强型)的设计,换装M256型120毫米滑膛坦克炮(也就是L-44滑膛炮的美国版本),随后又加装了美军独有的贫铀装甲变成了M1A1HA,基本上达到了足以抗衡当时苏军T-72B型主战坦克的能力;1992年实施改进的M1A2型主战坦克进一步增加了防护重量,升级了车载火控与态势感知系统,升级了配用穿甲弹的弹种,同后续改进的M1A2SEP一样已经具备抗衡俄军当时最先进的T-80U型主战坦克的能力。
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总的来看,如果把整个M1车族划分为三代,那么M1和M1IP可划为已经严重落后的第一代,总体性能不如我军老旧的96式主战坦克;M1A1和M1A1HA可以划为第二代,总体性能大约相当或略弱于(主要是火力与火炮勤务性能略弱)我军使用II期穿甲弹的96A型主战坦克;M1A2和M1A2SEP/SEPV可以划为第三代,总体性能同我军目前最先进的99A型主战坦克相当。
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从台军“锐捷”专案的采购项目来看,之前一度有采购美军坦克坟场里的M1A1的打算,但是鉴于M1A1近几年在埃及陆军、伊拉克陆军中战场表现不佳,被俄制乃至中制反坦克导弹频频糊脸,目前的“锐捷”专案采购整车应当能够达到美M1A2主战坦克的技术状态。
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当然在分系统诸如火炮、弹药、火控、态势感知等系统上,其具体数字还有待于进一步观察确认。但说句不客气的话,台军弄到的这批M1系列坦克,如果笔者没有猜错的话,在理想的试验场环境下成功压制我军目前普遍装备在东部战区的96A型主战坦克是没什么问题的。
如何应对台湾采购M1?
那么,在可能爆发的维护祖国统一的战斗中,我军的主战坦克就一点机会都没有了吗?当然不是!我们经常说,分析一型武器不能光看纸面上的分析,主要要看它的使用环境是什么,需要承担什么战役战术使命,是否能够较好地完成这一使命。
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就拿M1A2型主战坦克来讲,其技战术性能确实好,但是这个好也不是没有代价的:整车整备质量高达61.3吨(如果加上SEP型的防护套件那又要增重1.7吨左右,同时还有消息说SEPV比A2基本型增重2.2吨)。不管是61.3吨还是63吨还是63.5吨,就三个字:太重了!
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这型主要为了东欧平原硬化地面或中东沙漠地带而设计的主战坦克部署到东南这个遍布着热带雨林、水网稻田、丘陵窄路的小岛上,简直是战役与战术机动的噩梦,大概率跨区调动要靠重型拖车,战术机动要配合重型舟桥,甚至还要出动工兵先修路,仅此一项就大大限制了M1A2型坦克在台湾岛上的适用范围。
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当然,按照台军目前“决胜滩头”的战役战术想定,估计也没打算让M1A2坦克去机动补防封堵突破口,从目前台军装甲旅的部署地就能看出来,大概率还是要搞短促突击,使用诸如远程火箭炮之类的战役炮兵火力将“来犯之敌”压制在滩头上、阻滞其发展进攻之后使用装甲部队成建制实施反冲击,把“来犯之敌”赶下海去——说白了就是一锤子买卖,干得成就干,干不成那就“全军玉碎”。
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对于这种冷战时期北约军队经常使用、但是实际效果未经过检验的反冲击战术,我军只要是能拿到战役制空权,协调好战术纵深的空地火力遮断,从本质上来讲其实并不可怕,当然可能会对第一梯队上陆部队造成损失那是大概率的。
当然,随着国际关系的变化,尤其是台湾常常扮演美国手中的棋子的角色,这个“锐捷”专案究竟何时落实,还是个未知数。
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也可能继续成为一个“月经话题”,让我们这些军事媒体有的是机会为大家多科普几遍(滑稽)。(作者署名:军武次位面)


关键字 : 中国坦克美军

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The Taiwan army wants to buy 108 M1A2 tanks. If it is going to war or it will be completely destroyed in a short time.
June 21, 2019 11:54 Observer Network
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The Taiwan military is clamoring for the purchase of the US military's M1 series main battle tanks. In a sense, it is related to "the People's Liberation Army wants to purchase Su-35 fighters", "the Indian Air Force wants to purchase Rafale F3 fighters", and "Japan." The same as the purchase of the F-22, it belongs to the "menstrual topic" in the major military media of the 1910s.

Now that the time has passed, the Chinese People's Liberation Army has indeed received more than 20 Su-35SK fighters. The Indian Air Force has indeed received several Rafale F3 fighters on paper. Japan has not received the F-22 but has won the F. -35A, even one blood has been sent out. From this point of view, the Taiwan military recently announced that the "Ruijie" project has finally been approved by the US and is about to enter a substantive implementation stage. It is also a knot in the hearts of many military houses - the topic of menstruation has finally landed for so many years. It’s a hammer.

Does the Taiwan military purchase M1 series tanks?

Of course, the Taiwan military’s purchase of the M1 series main battle tanks has caused some waves in many people’s minds – thanks to the relatively good performance of the US military M1A2SEP main battle tanks in the Iraq war and the long-standing Rheinmetall's excellent product L-44/RH-120 120mm tank gun and the US military's M829 series of armor-piercing projectiles are awe-inspiring. Everyone can't help but threaten the possible amphibious assaults of the People's Liberation Army after the M1 tank enters the Taiwan military. And worried.

In fact, if you let the author say this, it is a sentence: the threat is still there, but if you analyze the entire "Ruijie" project in detail, analyze the specific content of the M1 series main battle tanks from the "Ruijie" project itself. Performance, from the specific performance analysis of these main battle tanks to a certain tactical task that a separatist army may take with this batch of tanks, we will soon find out that this thing is not so simple at all, we are not a bit There are no opportunities.

Let us first talk about the "Ruijie" project of the Taiwan military to purchase the M1 series of main battle tanks from the US military. As we have mentioned many times before, in the military of some foreign countries or regions, its military, politicians, consortia, companies The relationship between the four corners is very complicated. Many military procurements cannot be considered with pure military tactical mission requirements. The most typical example is that the US military has stepped on two LCS and DDG1000 projects in recent years.

In the case of the "Feng Exhibition" project that the Taiwan military began to smash in 2014 (that is, the famous F-16A/B Block20 to upgrade to the latest version of the F-16V), this project is from 2015 to 2016. The acceleration was largely due to the efforts of the former head of the defense department and the former deputy commander-in-chief of the Taiwan Air Force, General Feng Shikuan, to push the words when the "Legislative Committee" accepted the "legislator" question. Out of the joke that "F-16V is enough to counter the mainland 歼-20";

In addition, the "Ruijie" project, in fact, as early as the beginning of the 21st century, the Taiwan military frequently heard the news of purchasing the US M1 main battle tank. The purchase model changed and changed from M1A1 to M1A2 to M1A2SEP several times, but this A project suddenly accelerated from 2018, and in just one and a half years, it changed from painting pie to real hammer. In conjunction with the commander of the Taiwan Army, who was in charge of the Taiwan Defense Department in February 2018, the commander of the army, Yan Defa, was in the middle. In the end, what is the reason for this project, after a rigorous argument, or to play "you must also engage in a new project, you will engage in the army, then I will engage in the army."

However, the internal tears of the military are forced to tear, and the high officials have brushed their political achievements. This 108 tanks of the "Ruijie" project should still be there, and under the current Sino-US relationship, it is afraid of the US military. Equipment delivery, supporting support, and personnel training will be much faster than expected. Of course, there is another very important question: What is the tactical performance of the 108 tanks sent to the Taiwan military?

What is the tactical performance of these M1 tanks?

We all know that the US M1 series main battle tanks are not only one model, but a series of powertrain assemblies (with AGT-1500 gas turbine as the core) and a basic car body design. The general name of the main battle tank:

The earliest M1 whiteboard model equipped with the 105mm M5A1 line tank gun was in the middle of performance, and even the Soviet version of the T-72B could not compete in theory; in 1986, the M1A1 was deeply improved. The main battle arm of the main battle tank follows the M1IP (M1 enhanced) design, and the M256 120mm skid tank gun (also the US version of the L-44 smoothie) is installed, followed by the depleted uranium exclusive to the US military. The armor became the M1A1HA, which basically achieved the ability to counter the Soviet T-72B main battle tank at that time; the improved M1A2 main battle tank in 1992 further increased the protective weight and upgraded the vehicle fire control and situational awareness system. The upgraded version of the bomb with the armor-piercing projectile has the same ability as the M1A2SEP, which has been improved, to counter the Russian military's most advanced T-80U main battle tank.

In general, if the entire M1 car family is divided into three generations, then M1 and M1IP can be classified as the first generation that has been seriously backward. The overall performance is not as good as the old 96-type main battle tank of our army; M1A1 and M1A1HA can be classified as In the second generation, the overall performance is about or slightly weaker (mainly firepower and artillery service performance is slightly weaker). Our army uses the IIA armor-piercing 96A main battle tank; M1A2 and M1A2SEP/SEPV can be classified as the third generation, the overall performance It is equivalent to our current state-of-the-art 99A main battle tank.

Judging from the procurement project of the Taiwan military "Ruijie" project, there was a plan to purchase the M1A1 in the US military tank cemetery. However, in view of the poor performance of the M1A1 in the Egyptian Army and the Iraqi Army in recent years, it was Russia and even The medium-sized anti-tank missiles frequently confuse the face, and the current "Ruijie" project procurement vehicle should be able to reach the technical state of the US M1A2 main battle tank.

Of course, in the subsystems such as artillery, ammunition, fire control, situational awareness and other systems, the specific figures have yet to be further observed and confirmed. But if you are rude, the M1 series tanks that the Taiwan military got, if the author did not guess wrong, successfully suppressed the 96A main battle tank that our army is currently equipped in the eastern theater in the ideal test field environment. questionable.

How to deal with Taiwan's purchase of M1?

Then, in the possible outbreak of the battle to safeguard the reunification of the motherland, will our army’s main battle tanks have no chance at all? of course not! We often say that the analysis of a type I weapon can't just look at the analysis on paper, mainly depends on what its environment is, what mission tactical mission it needs to undertake, and whether it can accomplish this mission well.

Take the M1A2 main battle tank, its technical and tactical performance is really good, but this is not without cost: the whole vehicle has a quality of 61.3 tons (if you add the SEP type protection kit, you have to gain about 1.7 tons). At the same time, there is news that SEPV is 2.2 tons more than the basic type of A2. Whether it is 61.3 tons or 63 tons or 63.5 tons, it is three words: too heavy!

This type of main battle tank designed mainly for the hardened ground in the Eastern Plains or the desert in the Middle East is deployed to the southeast, a small island filled with tropical rain forests, water net rice fields and narrow hills. It is a nightmare of battle and tactical maneuvering, a high probability. Cross-regional mobilization relies on heavy-duty trailers, tactical maneuvers must be matched with heavy-duty pontoon bridges, and even engineers must be hired to repair roads. This alone limits the scope of application of M1A2 tanks on Taiwan Island.

Of course, according to the current tactics of the Taiwan military's current "decisive win over the beach", it is estimated that there is no plan to let the M1A2 tanks move to prevent and block the breach. From the current deployment of the Taiwanese armored brigade, the probability is still short. Assault, using the artillery firepower such as a long-range rocket launcher to suppress the "combat enemy" on the beachhead, block the development of the offensive, use the armored force to build a system to carry out anti-impact, and drive the "enemy of the enemy" to the sea- - To put it bluntly, it is a hammer sale, doing what you can do, and if you can't do it, then "the whole army is broken."

For such anti-impact tactics that the NATO army often uses during the Cold War, but the actual effects have not been tested, as long as we can get the battle air superiority and coordinate the tactical depth of the open space firepower interception, it is not terrible in nature. It is a high probability that the first echelon landing force will be lost.

Of course, with the changes in international relations, especially Taiwan, which often plays the role of chess pieces in the hands of the United States, it is still unknown when this "Ruijie" project will be implemented.

It is also likely to continue to be a "menstrual topic", let us have some opportunities in these military media for many times (multiple funny). (Author's signature: military martial plane)
Keywords : Chinese tank US military
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中国新型红箭11与红箭12导弹定位类似 两者有何差别

2017年08月18日 07:46 新浪军事























新浪扶翼 行业专区






在8月16日进行的中国“装甲与反装甲日”活动中,一种中国自主研制的最新型反坦克武器,首次公开露面!
这就是传说已久、却长期深藏不露的红箭11反坦克导弹!
红箭11是一种单兵反坦克导弹,那么它与已经频繁曝光的红箭12单兵反坦克导弹,有什么区别呢?为什么中国要同时研制两种单兵反坦克导弹?
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坦克是陆战之王,近年坦克的防护能力、火力、机动性仍在不断提高,单兵反坦克武器已经越来越难以摧毁敌方新一代坦克。特别是非制导的反坦克火箭筒(例如中国陆军120毫米火箭筒),对付不断增强正面防护、改善运动中射击能力的新型坦克(改进的M1、T-90S等等),已经无能为力。因此,以单兵反坦克导弹替代传统非制导武器,以高精度弥补弹体体积重量对威力产生的限制,成为了最有效的解决办法。这里要强调,所谓单兵反坦克导弹只是指发射时单人操作,通常携带全系统与弹药行军需要两人或以上。
刚刚曝光的红箭11导弹系统,全系统包括:顶置的导弹储存/运输/发射筒,保证导弹获得最大射角、射界。位于整体中部的发射制导系统,包括了孔径巨大的热像瞄准具(昼夜观瞄能力远优于俄罗斯同类)、激光驾束制导仪以及其他配套设备。通过巧妙设计,令瞄具的望远式结构获得了高置的入射物镜、低置隐蔽的目镜,又保证了望远式设计需要的足够长度(类似于俄罗斯“短号”与红箭8L)。最下方是金属三角架。能够快速拆装,两人即可携带拆开的全系统长途行军,紧急情况下一人能够短距离搬动全系统。
红箭11反坦克导弹有哪些优缺点呢?特别是与红箭12相比,最大的区别何在?
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在红箭11、红箭12研制前,在单兵反坦克导弹领域,美国推出了以热成像制导技术为核心的标枪反坦克导弹,俄罗斯推出了以激光驾束制导技术为核心的“短号”和“混血儿”导弹。
红箭12反坦克导弹,采用与美国标枪导弹一样“高大上”的热成像制导技术,它的原理是利用热成像或白光摄影机,通过图像识别技术,锁定特定外形与背景对比差异的目标,控制导弹准确命中目标。可实现“发射后不管”,发射后导弹全自动工作,射手可以撤离隐蔽或者攻击下一个目标。
相比之下,红箭11反坦克导弹虽然个头、重量、级别与红箭12类似,但使用的是类似于俄罗斯同类产品的激光驾束制导。
红箭11这一制导方法属于遥控制导,需要射手在导弹发射后,通过瞄准设备连续不断的跟踪目标,同时激光设备发射出与瞄准线重叠特殊“调制”的激光束。红箭11导弹在飞行中,弹尾激光接收机解码、解算出导弹在这一激光波束中的偏移,将自己修正回到波束正中。这样,只要射手连续的瞄准目标,红箭11导弹就会最终准确击中目标。
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红箭11与俄罗斯同类技术导弹相比,有着突出的技术优势,可以说已经远远甩开了俄罗斯“短号”与“混血儿”导弹。这表现在以下方面:俄罗斯类似导弹使用固体Nd:YAG激光器,复杂、庞大、沉重;激光设备能耗大、转化率低;调制方式落后;激光束变焦系统是光学补偿方式,效果有缺陷。
下图是俄罗斯同级别的9K115“混血儿”反坦克导弹,因为设计年代早,加上俄罗斯技术局限,在许多方面已经显得落后。
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根据对俄罗斯导弹核心制导技术的掌握摸透,中国红箭11导弹针对性的进行了全面改进:改用二氧化碳气体激光器,彻底提高了激光产生部分性能;改为混光光源,辐照度更均匀;改善调制盘设计,提高精度;采用正组机械补偿变焦设计,优化变焦效果。
红箭11比俄罗斯同类导弹先进,那么与红箭12相比又如何呢?
两者最根本的区别在于,红箭11没有“发射后不管”能力,射手在导弹命中前必须连续的跟踪目标。这令红箭11相对而言有着以下缺点:射手操作过程漫长,虽然因为摆脱了导线的束缚,飞行速度可以更快,全程耗时比以往的线导反坦克导弹(例如红箭73)要短,但仍然无法与红箭12相比;这一过程中人为失误的影响突出,导弹将偏离目标;因为发射激光束,现代坦克普遍装备的激光告警设备会察觉威胁,并进行烟雾干扰,导致失去跟踪条件;甚至使用枪炮反击压制,而红箭11射手此时无法隐蔽;最重要的是,红箭12能够借助图像识别,实现高抛弹道攻顶,击穿坦克薄弱的顶装甲,而红箭11的原理决定了必须依靠瞄准线攻击模式,难以实现高抛攻顶。
那么为什么不直接大量装备更为先进的红箭12反坦克导弹,而要同步推出相对落后红箭11呢?
wi0P-fykcppx9316801.jpg

原因很简单:红箭12的热成像制导技术非常复杂,技术难度很大,可靠性、经济可负担性不如红箭11。美国标枪导弹也有类似问题,导致步兵部队大量采购二战末期开始研制的古斯塔夫轻型无后坐力炮,减少使用标枪导弹,降低作战成本。
红箭11反坦克导弹的原理,决定了该导弹本身没有复杂的光电制导设备,技术门槛大大降低,可靠性提高,成本更为易于承受。
具体而言,红箭11反坦克导弹的优势包括:
结构简单,操作方便。红箭11只有一个单向信息传输通道,弹上设备和制导系统极大的简化,而且扩大了装备不同平台的适应性。
车载红箭11反坦克系统
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抗干扰能力强:激光接收机在弹尾,接收调制编码信号,与弹前方无关,对方无论是从方向上还是编码上都难以对激光传输环节实施干扰,而红箭12热成像制导技术可能受到较多的敌方光电设备干扰。此外由于激光单色性强,功率不高,地面背景散射光干扰也远低于热成像制导技术。
制导精度高、作用距离远:红箭11的激光束专门采用对大气烟雾穿透力极强的频段,即使在阴霾、沙尘、硝烟弥漫等恶劣的条件下,作用距离和制导精度依然优于热成像制导。
体积小重量轻,机动性能好:因为相对简单,会比红箭12更容易实现减重。
可中途改变打击目标、或者躲避障碍物:虽然这一操作有很大的限制条件,例如两个目标之间方位角只能在很小范围内,但比红箭12多了一种选择。
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虽然理论上红箭11更为简单,但研制过程中也有大量难题:必须尽可能提高大气穿透、针对地面杂波的抗干扰能力,在编码解码等方面的算法与硬件问题,根据导弹飞行距离而变化的激光束角度调节功能(保证在不同距离上波束截面积恒定不变)等等。这些问题相信已经一一获得完美解决,令红箭11能够无后顾之忧的闯荡国际军火市场。
小节
红箭11激光驾束制导单兵反坦克导弹,目前最大的对手是是定位接近的红箭12。假如红箭12将成本与可靠性问题解决,其针对现代坦克最薄弱环节的攻顶模式,以及“发射后不管”这两个突出优点,将令红箭11难以匹敌。
但红箭11始终有更为简单可靠、成本低廉的优势,仍有相当广阔的国内外发展应用空间。(作者署名:空军世界)


China's new Red Arrow 11 and Red Arrow 12 missile positioning are similar. What is the difference between the two?
August 18, 2017 07:46 Sina Military
Sina Fuyi Industry Zone

In the "Armor and Anti-Armour Day" of China on August 16th, a new type of anti-tank weapon independently developed by China was made public for the first time!

This is the Red Arrow 11 anti-tank missile that has long been legendary but has been hidden for a long time!

The Red Arrow 11 is a single-armed anti-tank missile. What is the difference between it and the Red Arrow 12 individual anti-tank missile that has been frequently exposed? Why does China have to develop two individual anti-tank missiles at the same time?

Sina Military Editor: In order to better present readers with diverse military content, meet readers' different reading needs, and jointly explore domestic and international strategic trends, Sina Military exclusively launched the "Deep Military Situation" section to deeply interpret the hidden situation behind military news, and present China in a three-dimensional manner. We are concerned about the complex military strategic environment we face.

The tank is the king of the land war. In recent years, the tank's protective ability, firepower and maneuverability are still improving. It is increasingly difficult for individual anti-tank weapons to destroy the enemy's new generation tanks. In particular, unguided anti-tank rocket launchers (such as the Chinese Army's 120mm rocket launcher) have been unable to cope with new tanks (improved M1, T-90S, etc.) that continuously enhance frontal protection and improve shooting capability in sports. Therefore, replacing the traditional non-guided weapons with individual anti-tank missiles, with high precision to compensate for the limitations of the volume and weight of the missile, has become the most effective solution. It should be emphasized here that the so-called individual anti-tank missiles only refer to single-person operations when launching, and usually require two or more people to carry the whole system and ammunition march.

Just exposed Red Arrow 11 missile system, the whole system includes: overhead missile storage / transport / launch tube, to ensure that the missile gets the maximum angle of view, the shooting. The launch guidance system, located in the middle of the whole, includes a thermal imaging sight with a large aperture (the day and night viewing capability is much better than the Russian counterpart), the laser beam steering guide and other ancillary equipment. Through ingenious design, the telescopic structure of the sight has obtained a high-position incident objective lens and a low-covering eyepiece, which ensures a sufficient length for the telescopic design (similar to the Russian “short” and the red arrow 8L). . At the bottom is a metal tripod. Being able to disassemble quickly, the two can carry the disassembled long-distance system-wide march, and in the emergency, the next person can move the whole system in a short distance.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Red Arrow 11 anti-tank missile? Especially compared with the Red Arrow 12, what is the biggest difference?

Before the development of Red Arrow 11 and Red Arrow 12, in the field of individual anti-tank missiles, the United States launched a javelin anti-tank missile with thermal imaging guidance technology as its core. Russia launched the "short number" with laser beam steering guidance technology as its core. "and "hybrid" missiles.

The Red Arrow 12 anti-tank missile uses the same high-altitude thermal imaging guidance technology as the American Javelin missile. Its principle is to use thermal imaging or white light camera to lock the target of specific shape and background contrast through image recognition technology. The missile accurately hits the target. It can realize "no matter after launching". After the launch, the missile works fully automatically, and the shooter can evacuate or conceal the next target.

In contrast, the Red Arrow 11 anti-tank missile is similar in size and weight to the Red Arrow 12, but uses a laser-driven guidance similar to that of the Russian counterpart.

The red arrow 11 guidance method belongs to the remote control guide. The shooter needs to continuously track the target through the aiming device after the missile is launched, and the laser device emits a special "modulated" laser beam overlapping the line of sight. In the flight of the Red Arrow 11 missile, the laser-tailed laser receiver decodes and solves the displacement of the missile in this laser beam, and corrects itself back to the center of the beam. In this way, as long as the shooter is aiming at the target continuously, the Red Arrow 11 missile will eventually hit the target accurately.

Compared with Russian similar technology missiles, Red Arrow 11 has outstanding technical advantages. It can be said that the Russian "short" and "hybrid" missiles have been far removed. This is manifested in the following aspects: Russian similar missiles use solid Nd:YAG lasers, which are complex, bulky and heavy; laser equipment consumes a lot of energy and has low conversion rate; the modulation method is backward; the laser beam zoom system is optical compensation and the effect is flawed.

The picture below shows the Russian 9K115 "hybrid" anti-tank missile of the same class. Because of the early design period and the limitations of Russian technology, it has fallen behind in many aspects.

According to the mastery of the Russian missile core guidance technology, the Chinese Red Arrow 11 missile has been comprehensively improved: the use of carbon dioxide gas laser has completely improved the performance of the laser generation; the mixed light source has been changed, and the irradiance is more uniform. Improve the design of the reticle to improve accuracy; use the positive mechanical compensation zoom design to optimize the zoom effect.

The Red Arrow 11 is more advanced than the Russian missile, so what about the Red Arrow 12?

The most fundamental difference between the two is that the Red Arrow 11 does not have the ability to "before launching". The shooter must continuously track the target before the missile hits. This makes the Red Arrow 11 relatively short of the following: the shooter has a long operation process, although the flight speed can be faster because of the shackles of the wire, the whole time is shorter than the previous line anti-tank missile (such as Red Arrow 73). However, it is still not comparable to the Red Arrow 12; the impact of human error in this process is prominent, the missile will deviate from the target; because of the laser beam emitted, the modern warning device of the modern tank will detect the threat and cause smoke interference, resulting in loss. Tracking conditions; even using guns to counterattack, and the Red Arrow 11 shooter can't hide at this time; the most important thing is that Red Arrow 12 can achieve high throwing ballistic attack with image recognition, and penetrate the tank's weak top armor, while red The principle of Arrow 11 determines that it must rely on the line-of-sight attack mode, and it is difficult to achieve a high-throwing attack.

So why not directly equip more advanced Red Arrow 12 anti-tank missiles, but simultaneously launch relatively backward red arrows 11?

The reason is very simple: the thermal imaging guidance technology of Red Arrow 12 is very complicated, technically difficult, and the reliability and economic affordability are not as good as Red Arrow 11. The US javelin missiles have similar problems, resulting in a large number of infantry units purchasing Gustav light recoilless guns that were developed at the end of the Second World War, reducing the use of javelin missiles and reducing combat costs.

The principle of the Red Arrow 11 anti-tank missile determines that the missile itself has no complicated photoelectric guidance equipment, the technical threshold is greatly reduced, the reliability is improved, and the cost is more affordable.

Specifically, the advantages of the Red Arrow 11 anti-tank missile include:

The structure is simple and the operation is convenient. The Red Arrow 11 has only one unidirectional information transmission channel, and the on-board equipment and guidance system are greatly simplified, and the adaptability of different platforms is expanded.

Car Red Arrow 11 Anti-tank System

Strong anti-interference ability: the laser receiver is at the tail of the laser, receiving the modulated coded signal, which has nothing to do with the front of the projectile. It is difficult for the other party to interfere with the laser transmission link in both direction and coding, and the Red Arrow 12 thermal imaging guidance technology may be affected. More enemy optoelectronic equipment interferes. In addition, due to the strong monochromaticity of the laser, the power is not high, and the ground background scattered light interference is much lower than the thermal imaging guidance technology.

High precision of guidance and long distance of action: The laser beam of Red Arrow 11 is specially used in the frequency band with strong penetration of atmospheric smoke. Even under the harsh conditions of haze, dust, smoke and smoke, the working distance and guidance precision are better. Thermal imaging guidance.

Small size, light weight and good maneuverability: because it is relatively simple, it will be easier to lose weight than Red Arrow 12.

You can change the target, or avoid obstacles in the middle: Although there are great restrictions on this operation, for example, the azimuth between the two targets can only be in a small range, but there is more than one choice for the Red Arrow.

Although the Red Arrow 11 is theoretically simpler, there are a lot of problems in the development process: it is necessary to improve the atmospheric penetration, the anti-interference ability against the ground clutter, the algorithm and hardware problems in coding and decoding, and the missile flight distance. The changing laser beam angle adjustment function (guarantee that the beam cross-sectional area is constant at different distances) and the like. These problems are believed to have been solved satisfactorily, so that Red Arrow 11 can wander the international arms market with no worries.

Section

Red Arrow 11 laser driving guided individual anti-tank missiles, the current biggest opponent is to locate the close red arrow 12. If Red Arrow 12 solves the cost and reliability problems, its attacking top mode for the weakest link of modern tanks and the two outstanding advantages of "after launching" will make Red Arrow 11 difficult to match.

However, Red Arrow 11 always has the advantages of simpler, more reliable, lower cost, and still has a fairly broad space for development at home and abroad. (Author's signature: Air Force World)
 

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“土豪师”装备红箭-11只因一个字?

军事 rock 1年前 (2018-02-24) 2155℃ 1评论



红箭-11夜间发射(央视报道截图)

2月9日,央视耕战频道军事报道节目出现“红箭-11”反坦克导弹实弹射击的画面,确认了“土豪师”同时装备红箭-10和红箭-11两种第三代反坦克导弹的消息。

红箭-11首次公开亮相是去年8月16日,在中国兵器工业集团公司主办的“装甲与反装甲日”活动上,同台展示的还有红箭-10和红箭-12。这三种导弹也是目前中国最先进的反坦克导弹,性能和定位分别是:



红箭-10:车载重型反坦克导弹

光纤制导,采用“人在回路中”的“发射+观察+修正”模式或“发射后不管”自动寻的模式(导引头光电传感器图像比对)。

串联聚能穿甲战斗部,可击穿第三代主战坦克正面防护装甲,也能采用攻顶模式打击防护最脆弱的顶部。

双室双推固体火箭发动机,射程10公里,增程型号将达到25km。



红箭-11:轻型反坦克导弹

激光驾束制导,需要射手在导弹发射后,通过瞄准设备连续不断的跟踪目标。

外形类似红箭-9,尺寸和重量稍小,射程约4公里。

结构简单,操作方便,制导精度高,抗干扰能力强。



红箭-12:便携式反坦克导弹

红外成像制导(“低配版”半主动激光、电视制导),可“发射前锁定”,“发射后不管”,全自动工作。

串联式聚能战斗部,可采用攻顶式和直接攻击方式,顶攻模式下足以击毁任何现役主战坦克。

采用“软发射”技术,可在建筑物或碉堡内向外发射,使用红外成像导引头时射程2公里。

由于重量较轻、造价低廉,外界推测红箭-11将取代现役红箭-73和部分红箭-8,并进一步下放到营属反坦克连,成为解放军陆军新一代主力反坦克导弹。

上述央视报道确认了“土豪师”(军改后唯一保留的重装机械化师)合成营反坦克导弹分队装备了红箭-11。这也表明解放军陆军反坦克导弹换装将以红箭-10与红箭-11搭配为主的方式进行,暂时不会大规模装备性能更先进的红箭-12。



“标枪”反坦克导弹

红箭-12与美国“标枪”反坦克导弹设计类似,除了方便步兵使用、显著提高战场生存能力外,其最大的好处就是对射手训练要求低,可以直接加强到班排使用。例如,日本陆上自卫队每个步兵班都装备有一套类似红箭-12的01式“轻马特”反坦克导弹发射系统。

不过,由于红外成像引导头成本较高,红箭-12的造价会比红箭-11高不少。这也许就是红箭-11大行其道的主要原因。

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"Local Master" equipped with Red Arrow -11 only because of a word?


Military rock 1 year ago (2018-02-24) 2155°C 1 Comment



Launch red arrow at night-11


Red Arrow -11 night launch (CCTV report screenshot)


On February 9th, the CCTV cultivating war channel military report showed the scene of the "Red Arrow -11" anti-tank missile live-fire shooting, confirming that the "Local Master" was equipped with the Red Arrow-10 and the Red Arrow -11. The news of the tank missile.


The first public appearance of Red Arrow -11 was on August 16 last year. At the "Armored and Anti-Armoured Day" event hosted by China North Industries Group Corporation, Red Arrow-10 and Red Arrow-12 were also displayed on the same stage. These three types of missiles are also the most advanced anti-tank missiles in China. The performance and positioning are:


Red arrow-10


Red Arrow-10: Car Heavy Anti-Tank Missile


Optical fiber guidance adopts the "emission + observation + correction" mode of "human in the loop" or the automatic search mode after "after transmission" (seer photo sensor image comparison).


The tandem energy armor piercing warhead can penetrate the third-generation main battle tank front protective armor, and can also use the top-of-the-line mode to protect the most vulnerable top.


The double-chamber double-push solid rocket engine has a range of 10 kilometers and an extended range model of 25km.


Red arrow -11


Red Arrow -11: Light anti-tank missile


Laser beam steering requires the shooter to continuously track the target through the aiming device after the missile is launched.


The shape is similar to the Red Arrow-9, which is slightly smaller in size and weight and has a range of about 4 kilometers.


The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, high guidance precision and strong anti-interference ability.


Red arrow -12


Red Arrow-12: Portable Anti-tank Missile


Infrared imaging guidance ("low-profile" semi-active laser, TV guidance), can be "locked before launch", "no matter after launch", fully automatic work.


The tandem shaped energy warhead can be used for attacking and direct attack. The top attack mode is enough to destroy any active main battle tank.


Using the "soft launch" technology, it can be launched outside the building or bunker, using an infrared imaging seeker with a range of 2 kilometers.


Due to its light weight and low cost, it is speculated that the Red Arrow -11 will replace the active Red Arrow-73 and part of the Red Arrow-8, and further decentralized to the battalion anti-tank company, becoming the new generation of the main anti-tank missile of the People's Liberation Army.


The above CCTV report confirmed that the "Local Master" (the only reloading mechanized division retained after the military reform) was equipped with the Red Arrow-11. This also indicates that the PLA Army's anti-tank missile replacement will be carried out in the same way as Red Arrow-10 and Red Arrow-11. It will not be equipped with more advanced Red Arrow-12 on a large scale.


javelin


Javelin anti-tank missile


Red Arrow-12 is similar to the US "Javelin" anti-tank missile design. In addition to facilitating infantry use and significantly improving the survivability of the battlefield, its biggest advantage is that it has low requirements for shooter training and can be directly strengthened to the class. For example, each infantry squad of the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force is equipped with a Type 01 "Light Matt" anti-tank missile launch system similar to the Red Arrow-12.


However, due to the high cost of the infrared imaging guide head, the cost of the Red Arrow-12 will be much higher than the Red Arrow-11. This may be the main reason why the Red Arrow-11 is popular.


North latitude 40° author's contribution | Dongfeng


Reprinted please specify: North latitude 40 ° » "Local Master" equipment red arrow -11 only because of a word?
 

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枭龙战机家族新成员亮相巴黎航展 已有两国前来询价

2019年06月21日 10:53 新浪军事



0

近日在巴黎航展上巴基斯坦再次派出了以枭龙战机为主体的阵容参展。据悉,在本届巴黎航展上,巴基斯坦一口气拿出了2个方案。首先一个方案是枭龙B,这是一款双座教练机,担负的是飞行员培养的任务。
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对于现代空军而言,一个飞行员的价值远比一架战斗机要值钱的多。海湾战争时期,在空战中损失惨重,王牌飞行员接连殒命的伊拉克军队在后期作战上其实已经进入了“有机无人”的境地。面对联军接二连三的打击,伊拉克空军根本无法组织像样的还击。
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所以,当下很多国家都开始注重飞行员的培养,而作为王牌飞行员的摇篮,教练机的作用开始凸显。枭龙B教练机作为一款以战机为蓝本改装而来的“客串”,虽然教练功能不及一些高级教练机,但却具备很强的作战能力和枭龙战机快速适应的能力。
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点击播放 GIF 0.1M
而在枭龙B教练机之后,巴基斯坦还展出了枭龙Block3方案,这是一个完整的四代半战机,作战性能和中国的歼10C,F-16Block 70,阵风M属于伯仲之间。当然,该机的价格也是相当合理,在不搭配武器系统的情况下,全机售价仅4000万美元左右。与之相比的是,阵风M战斗机售价1.26亿美元,F-16Block 70也超过了上亿美元。
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卖的便宜,单机作战性能强悍,还有配套教练机,如此完善的战机体系引来了埃及和马来西亚两国的关注。据悉,此前这两个国家就已经向巴基斯坦工作人员询问了该机的一些技术信息,尤其是售价,更是这两个国家所关注的问题。
a6c1-hyrtarw9077036.jpg

实际上,这两个国家之所以会对枭龙战机产生如此浓厚的兴趣,完全是因为印巴空中一架枭龙Block2战机用空空导弹凌空打爆了一架印度空军战机,活捉飞行员。有了这一战例,枭龙外贸的路子一下子就拓宽了不少。(作者署名:浩汉防务)
4f46-hyrtarw9077090.jpg





A new member of the Dragon Fighter family appeared at the Paris Air Show.
June 21, 2019 10:53 Sina Military
0

At the Paris Air Show recently, Pakistan once again sent a lineup with the dragon fighter as the main body. It is reported that at this year's Paris Air Show, Pakistan took out two plans in one breath. The first solution is Xiaolong B, a two-seat trainer that is responsible for the training of pilots.

For the modern Air Force, the value of a pilot is much more valuable than a fighter. During the Gulf War, the losses in the air battles were heavy. The Iraqi army, which was successively killed by the ace pilots, actually entered the "organic no man" situation in the later operations. In the face of the successive attacks by the coalition forces, the Iraqi Air Force could not organize a decent counterattack.

Therefore, many countries are now paying attention to the training of pilots, and as the cradle of ace pilots, the role of the trainer has begun to stand out. The Xiaolong B trainer is a "guest" that has been modified from the fighter plane. Although the coach function is not as good as some advanced trainers, it has strong combat capability and the ability of the dragon fighter to adapt quickly.

Click to play GIF 0.1M

After the 枭龙B trainer, Pakistan also exhibited the Snapdragon Block3 program, which is a complete four-generation and half-war aircraft. The combat performance is comparable to that of China's 歼10C, F-16Block 70, and gust M. Of course, the price of the aircraft is quite reasonable. Without the weapon system, the price of the whole machine is only about 40 million US dollars. In contrast, the gust M fighter is priced at $126 million, and the F-16Block 70 is over $100 million.

The sale is cheap, the stand-alone combat performance is strong, and there is a supporting trainer. Such a perfect fighter system has attracted the attention of both Egypt and Malaysia. It is reported that these two countries have already asked Pakistani staff some technical information about the aircraft, especially the selling price, which is a concern of these two countries.

In fact, the reason why these two countries have such a strong interest in the dragon fighters is entirely because a Pakistani airborne Block2 fighter jet blasted an Indian Air Force fighter with an air-to-air missile volley and captured the pilot. With this case, the road to foreign trade in Xiaolong has been broadened. (Author's signature: Haohan Defense)
 

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加拿大军舰穿台湾海峡 10多架中国苏30从其头顶飞过

加拿大军舰穿台湾海峡 10多架中国苏30从其头顶飞过



3,999

(观察者网)前几天“无害通过”台湾海峡的加拿大护卫舰“里贾纳”号(HMCS Regina,FFH-334),在中国周边海域受到来自人民海军空军的热情欢迎。
79e1-hyzpvir3435090.png

南部战区空军某部苏-30MKK战机进行远海训练 图源:中国空军
据加拿大全球事务研究所网站6月26日报道,加拿大皇家海军“里贾纳”号护卫舰17日穿越台湾海峡进入东海后,加拿大海军官兵在数天内一共观察到十余架“苏-30”战斗机抵近飞行。
“里贾纳”号护卫舰上官兵告诉网站,在上海以东海域航行时,两架中国海军“苏-30”战斗机在该舰前方300米处约300米高度飞掠而过。
a695-hyzpvir3438843.png

东部战区海军航空兵部苏-30,虽然东部战区和南部战区都有苏-30战机,不过加拿大海军应该是把所有中国“侧卫系”战机认成了苏-30 图源;中国军网
除了空军或者海军的航空兵以外,该舰在从南海驶向东海的沿途,不断受到中国海军驱逐舰、护卫舰和海警船轮流监视。“里贾纳”甚至还曾发现一艘半潜状态的“基洛”级潜艇在近距离内航行。
水兵们表示,最开始是舰载直升机发现了潜艇,但是这艘潜艇没有离去反而是逼近该舰,最后整个甲板都看的见解放军潜艇的潜望镜。舰长拒绝猜测潜艇逼近的原因。
这是中国战机与加拿大皇家海军军舰的首次近距离接触。皇家海军的水兵告诉全球事务研究网站,他们可以清晰听见“苏-30”战机飞跃舰桥时的嘈杂的飞越声。“里贾纳”号水兵表示,俄罗斯和其他国家的海军从来没有像中国战机那样“有侵略性”,不过这些水兵不认为“苏-30”的行为是过度挑衅或危险的。
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加拿大海军护卫舰“里贾纳”号和补给船“阿斯泰里克斯”号 图源:加拿大海军
“里贾纳”号护卫舰舰长,海军中校杰克弗兰奇告诉研究所,虽然过去一周里头我们看见很多快速飞过去的战机,但是空军检查外国船只是很正常的,但这不是一个危险的情况,我们确实密切关注了它。他说,与中国军方在海上的关系是“专业和友好的”。
“里贾纳”号从越南金兰湾经南海、台湾海峡一路向北至东海的4000多公里航程里,以前往朝鲜周边海域阻止海上走私。6月17日上午,加拿大海军护卫舰“里贾纳”号和补给船“阿斯泰里克斯”号(MV Asterix)自南向北进入台湾海峡航行,并于18日离开台湾海峡进入东海。这是继上个月23日两艘美国军舰之后,再次有外国军舰穿越台湾海峡。
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前往朝鲜附近海域后,如无意外该舰还能遇到我空军北部战区歼-11B 图源:军网英文
虽然过道台湾海峡,但是小心翼翼的加拿大人表示,这只是因为要北上查朝鲜走私船,顺路而已。据加拿大环球邮报报道,加拿大国防部发言人杰西卡·拉米兰德在一份声明中表示:从金兰湾到东北亚最实际的路线是航行通过台湾海峡,(加拿大军舰)过境台湾海峡与发表任何声明无关。
5df4-hyzpvir3440483.png


“里贾纳”号全程开识别器过道台湾海峡 ,从南部战区到东部战区,再到北部战区,加拿大驱逐舰难得检阅了一次人民海空军主力 图源:社交媒体
对于外国军舰穿越台湾海峡的行为,中国外交部发言人耿爽在4月25日的外交部例行记者会上表示:中国对外国舰船正常过航台湾海峡,不持疑议,同时,有关的行动需要符合国际法,需要遵守中国法律的规定。




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Canadian warships crossed the Taiwan Strait. More than 10 Chinese Su-30s flew over their heads.


Canadian warships crossed the Taiwan Strait. More than 10 Chinese Su-30s flew over their heads.



3,999



(Observer Network) A few days ago, the Canadian frigate "HMCS Regina" (FFH-334), which was "harmlessly passed" in the Taiwan Strait, was warmly welcomed by the People's Navy Air Force in the waters around China.

The Su-30MKK fighter of the Southern Theater Air Force conducted offshore training. Source: Chinese Air Force

According to the website of the Canadian Institute of Global Affairs on June 26, after the Royal Canadian Navy "Regina" frigate entered the East China Sea through the Taiwan Strait on the 17th, Canadian Navy officers and soldiers observed a total of more than 10 "Su-30" fighters in a few days. Approaching the flight.

The officers and men of the "Regina" frigate told the website that when sailing in the sea east of Shanghai, two Chinese Navy "Su-30" fighters flew past the 300 meters in front of the ship at a height of about 300 meters.

Su-30 of the Naval Air Force of the Eastern Theater, although there are Su-30 fighters in the Eastern and Southern theaters, the Canadian Navy should recognize all Chinese "Flanker" fighters as Su-30 map sources; China Army Net

In addition to the air force of the Air Force or the Navy, the ship was continuously monitored by Chinese naval destroyers, frigates and sea police vessels along the way from the South China Sea to the East China Sea. "Regina" even found a semi-submersible "Kilo" class submarine sailing in close quarters.

The sailors said that the submarine was first discovered by the ship-borne helicopter, but the submarine did not leave but instead approached the ship. Finally, the entire deck saw the periscope of the PLA submarine. The captain refused to guess the reason for the approach of the submarine.

This is the first close contact between Chinese fighters and the Royal Canadian Navy. The Royal Navy's sailors told the Global Affairs Research website that they could clearly hear the noisy overflights of the Su-30 fighter jets flying over the bridge. The "Regina" sailors said that the navies of Russia and other countries have never been "aggressive" like Chinese fighters, but these sailors do not think that the "Su-30" behavior is excessively provocative or dangerous.

Canadian Navy frigate "Regina" and supply ship "Asterix" Source: Canadian Navy

The captain of the Regina frigate and the naval lieutenant Jack Franco told the institute that although we saw many fighters flying fast in the past week, it is normal for the Air Force to check foreign ships, but this is not a dangerous one. In the case, we did pay close attention to it. He said that the relationship with the Chinese military at sea is "professional and friendly."

The "Regina" sailed from the Golden Sea Bay in Vietnam via the South China Sea and the Taiwan Strait all the way north to the East China Sea for more than 4,000 kilometers to go to the waters around North Korea to prevent smuggling at sea. On the morning of June 17, the Canadian Navy frigate "Regina" and the supply vessel "MV Asterix" entered the Taiwan Strait from south to north and left the Taiwan Strait on the 18th to enter the East China Sea. This is after the two US warships on the 23rd last month, there are again foreign warships crossing the Taiwan Strait.

After going to the waters near North Korea, if there is no accident, the ship can still encounter the northern theater of the Air Force 歼-11B. Source: Army Network English

Although the passage of the Taiwan Strait, but the cautious Canadians said that this is only because they want to go north to check the North Korean smuggling ship, just by the way. According to the Canadian Globe and Mail, Canadian Defense Ministry spokesman Jessica Lamirde said in a statement: The most practical route from Cam Ranh Bay to Northeast Asia is to sail through the Taiwan Strait, (Canada warship) transit Taiwan Strait and publish No statement is relevant.

The "Regina" has a full-length identification device to cross the Taiwan Strait. From the southern theater to the eastern theater, to the northern theater, the Canadian destroyer rarely reviewed the main force of the people's navy and air force.

Regarding the behavior of foreign warships crossing the Taiwan Strait, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Yan Shuang said at a regular press conference of the Foreign Ministry on April 25 that China has no doubts about the normal voyage of foreign ships to the Taiwan Strait. Actions need to comply with international law and comply with Chinese law.
 

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外媒:中国075两栖舰2年后服役 比日本准航母还大50%

外媒:中国075两栖舰2年后服役 比日本准航母还大50%



184

近日外媒报道,中国新建首艘的075两栖攻击舰预计于2021年服役,这种在低强度作战时可以代替航母的舰艇未来6年内将陆续增建至4艘,以强化中国军方两栖部队在远洋作战的作战能力,期能与西方两栖战力相抗衡。
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由于打造航母经费与技术门槛太高,近年来许多国家竞相打造大型两栖攻击舰,搭配短距或垂直起降战机来作为准航母使用,特别在没有航母的国家相当普遍。
据相关媒体报道,中国多次展出的海军新装备中,两栖登陆舰艇有2种方案,一为3万吨级(如071昆仑山级船坞登陆舰),另一种是如上述的4万吨级两栖攻击舰。但主流观点认为,第一种方案主要是用来出口的,对于像俄罗斯、埃及、土耳其、泰国、巴基斯坦等之类的国家,主要以地区型作战为主,因此中小型两栖攻击舰就可满足需要。而后者则是中国海军自身的需求,这也符合中国海军未来的作战目标——在全球各洲的任何海岸进行联合登陆作战——就像现在的美军。
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报道表示,早先有论者认为短期内中国海军不会装备垂直/短距起降战机,因此最稳妥且成本最低的方案就是2~3万吨级两栖舰,但这样的战舰几乎不适合中国海军。目前中国军方已基本完成宽体的直–18武装直升机研发,未来中国两栖舰还将搭直–20等新一代直升机群,才能在两栖作战中具备完整的运输、攻击与渗透的能力。因此3万吨以下的两栖舰难以满足需求,必须往4万吨级的075型发展才符合需要。
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报道也不讳言新型075两栖攻击舰是向美军看齐,而且以目前其他国家同类战舰对比,日本的“出云级”是2.7万吨,澳大利亚“坎培拉级”是2.57万吨,都属3万吨级的行列。而美军的“黄蜂级”或“美国级”也同样是4万吨,可以运送部队人数高达2000人,舰上还配备完整的两栖作战指挥系统,可以完全独立作战。报道分析称,中国海军4万吨级两栖舰能够媲美世界上最先进的平顶式两栖舰,当然是与中国海军未来作战目标有关。(作者署名:空中世界加特林)

Foreign media: China 075 amphibious ship served 2 years later than Japan's quasi-aircraft carrier is 50% larger
Foreign media: China 075 amphibious ship served 2 years later than Japan's quasi-aircraft carrier is 50% larger
184

Recently, foreign media reported that China’s new 075 amphibious assault ship is expected to be in service in 2021. This kind of ship that can replace the aircraft carrier in low-intensity operations will be built into four ships in the next six years to strengthen the Chinese military amphibious force. The combat capability of combating in the ocean can compete with the amphibious power of the West.

Due to the high cost of building aircraft carriers and technical thresholds, many countries have competed to build large-scale amphibious assault ships in recent years, with short-range or vertical take-off and landing aircraft as the quasi-carriers, especially in countries without aircraft carriers.

According to relevant media reports, in the new naval equipment exhibited by China, there are two options for amphibious landing ships, one for 30,000 tons (such as the 071 Kunlun Mountain-class dock landing ship) and the other for the above 40,000. Tonnage amphibious assault ship. However, the mainstream view is that the first option is mainly for export. For countries like Russia, Egypt, Turkey, Thailand, Pakistan, etc., mainly based on regional operations, small and medium amphibious assault ships can meet need. The latter is the Chinese navy's own needs, which is also in line with the future objectives of the Chinese Navy - joint landing operations on any coast of the world - like the current US military.

According to the report, earlier theorists believe that the Chinese navy will not be equipped with vertical/short-range take-off and landing aircraft in the short term, so the most secure and lowest-cost plan is the 20,000-30,000-ton amphibious ship, but such a warship is almost unsuitable for the Chinese navy. . At present, the Chinese military has basically completed the development of wide-body direct-18 helicopter gunships. In the future, Chinese amphibious ships will also take a new generation of helicopters such as 20, in order to have complete transportation, attack and penetration capabilities in amphibious operations. Therefore, the amphibious ship of less than 30,000 tons is difficult to meet the demand, and it must meet the needs of the 075-type development of the 40,000-ton class.

The report also does not say that the new 075 amphibious assault ship is in line with the US military, and compared with similar warships in other countries, Japan's "eyun-class" is 27,000 tons, and Australia's "Canberra class" is 25,700 tons, both of which belong to 3 The rank of 10,000 tons. The US Army's "Horse-class" or "US-class" is also 40,000 tons. It can transport up to 2,000 troops. The ship is also equipped with a complete amphibious operational command system, which can be completely independent. According to the report, the Chinese Navy's 40,000-ton amphibious ship can compete with the world's most advanced flat-topped amphibious ship, which is of course related to the future objectives of the Chinese Navy. (Author's signature: Air World Gatlin)
 

syed putra

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Loyal
I dunno why china wasting time and fuel flying overhead. Euther youd shoot the damn ship or stay home and suck your thumb.
 

Ang4MohTrump

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https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2019-06-27/doc-ihytcitk7958445.shtml

歼20或使用世界首款超材料做隐身蒙皮:电磁波变没了

2019年06月27日 09:35 新浪军事



569

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近日,我国东北某飞机工业公司发布新闻称,“面对今年异常繁重的科研生产任务,年初以来,公司上下开足马力,紧盯均衡生产节点目标,全身心投入到科研生产攻坚中。面对公司多机型交叉作业、科研与批产并行、试飞和转场飞行工作繁重等困难,公司持续掀起生产热潮,任务节点目标持续推进,均衡生产阶段性成果不断显现,为实现全年目标奠定了坚实基础。”从公开发表的消息可以推测,该飞机公司产值在2018年突破201亿元之后,今年很可能又将突破200亿元大关。该公司即将实现连续三年产值突破190亿元,连续四年产值突破178亿元。
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军事观察家认为,早在今年3月5日,央视播出的《大国重器》节目第八集首次披露,中国在全世界首次实现超材料(Metamaterial)量产,而这种超材料可用于新型战斗机隐身蒙皮,其中首要应用就是歼20和歼16战斗机,据悉,我国的歼16型四代半重型空地双优多用途战斗机、歼15型四代/四代半重型舰载机已进入持续大批量生产阶段,如果歼11D型四代半型空优战斗机也将在今明两年正式投入量产,以及填补歼轰7/7A“飞豹”歼击轰炸机在今后几年陆续退出现役的空缺,该公司在以后的三到五年内战机生产任务将极其饱满,再加上我国东南某飞机公司生产的四代半中型战斗机,五代重型战斗机的大批生产,我国或将迎来我军历史上第二个空军装备高潮。
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然而,在国际上,却是另一种情况: 美国的洛马公司在宣布2018年交付91架F-35隐形战斗机后又宣称,2019年的F35目标年产量为130架,美国及其盟国正在大规模装备第五代战斗机,世界范围内的战斗机更新换代正在来临。面对五代机压倒性的雷达隐身军事优势,军事爱好者不仅会产生疑惑,在我国已成功定型歼20A五代重型机,成功试飞“鹘鹰”五代中型机的情况下,为什么不大规模转产五代机,而仍然在持续大规模批产四代/四代半战机呢?
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近日,深圳某超材料研究院和东北某飞机研究所联合发表的公开文章或许为我们解开了一些谜团。众所周知,现有隐身技术是通过减小作战平台对入射电磁波散射截面进行隐身,除了对飞机外形进行隐身设计外,材料隐身也是弥补外形隐身技术的重要辅助手段。无论是进行全隐身设计的五代机,还是进行雷达隐缩改进的四代/四代半战机,材料隐身都是其必不可少的技术。然而现有的材料隐身技术存在着增重大、隐身频率有限、防护及维修困难、使用经费高昂等问题。例如美军的F35战机最近就爆出在超音速使用条件下,机身的机翼隐身涂层多次出现损坏,隐身效果大打折扣;以及我军的米波三坐标雷达曾多次在数百公里外发现并跟踪F22隐身战斗机,而人们普遍认为F22的隐身能力要优于F35。
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超材料是一种特种复合材料,通过对材料关键物理尺寸进行有序结构设计,使其获得常规材料不具备的超常物理性质。利用超材料技术实现高效电磁吸波,为雷达隐身吸波材料的研究提供了一个全新的思路。早在数年前,我国的多位隐身飞机总设计师就透露,超材料已应用在我国的多型隐身战机上,减轻了隐身结构50%的重量,并从根本上解决了传统涂料隐身无法维护的问题,全寿命周期使用成本降低40%。据公开资料披露,我国的超材料隐身技术已发展到两代,隐身性能相比传统雷达吸波涂料提升了一到两个数量级。而在最近,我国深圳的该研究院在超材料隐身研究上又有重大突破,研制出了一种可调有源超薄超材料雷达吸波体。
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传统的被动超材料吸波结构,为了实现宽频吸波,往往采用多层设计,这会显著增大吸波结构的厚度和重量,使得很难使用超材料对四代/四代半战机进行隐形改进,必须在进行飞机隐身设计的时候就要综合考虑进来。而可调有源超材料隐身技术,通过改变外加电压的方式,从而实现宽频带范围内的主动可调吸波。再结合能够探测对方的雷达工作频率的感知元件,实现的效果等效于宽带吸收超材料。其厚度仅为雷达波长的1/181,远远小于传统的1/4波长吸波结构,表现出了极佳的超薄特性,在实际使用中可以极大地降低材料的消耗和结构的质量载荷,即使是四代/四代半战机也可以大量使用。
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由于超材料隐身原理不是通过改变雷达波反射或吸收雷达波来进行隐身,而是通过改变波的传播路线,使波发生弯曲,以达到绕射传播的目的从而实现隐身,再结合隐身外挂发射装置的使用,也许无需改变四代/四代半战机的外形就能达到极其良好的隐身效果。更让人感到惊喜的是 ,从理论上讲,该材料在米波波段也具有较好的雷达隐身特性,研制出一种在米波波段也能进行隐身的全频谱隐身飞行器已变得不再是梦想。(作者署名:小鹰说科技)


歼20 or use the world's first metamaterial to make stealth skin: electromagnetic waves have disappeared
June 27, 2019 09:35 Sina Military
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Recently, an aircraft industry company in Northeast China issued a press report saying, "In the face of this year's unusually heavy scientific research and production tasks, since the beginning of the year, the company has been working hard to keep a close eye on the goal of balanced production nodes, and is fully committed to scientific research and production. The company's multi-machine cross-operation, scientific research and batch production parallel, flight test and transfer flight work are so difficult, the company continues to set off a production boom, the mission node goal continues to advance, the balanced production stage results are constantly emerging, and laid the foundation for achieving the full-year goal. A solid foundation." From the publicly announced news, it can be speculated that after the aircraft company's output value exceeded 20.1 billion yuan in 2018, it is likely to break through the 20 billion yuan mark this year. The company is about to achieve a three-year output value of 19 billion yuan, and the output value of the four consecutive years has exceeded 17.8 billion yuan.

Military observers believe that as early as March 5 this year, CCTV broadcasted the eighth episode of the "Great Powers" program for the first time. China has achieved mass production of Metamaterial for the first time in the world, and this kind of metamaterial can be used in new types. The fighters are stealth skins, the primary application of which is the 歼20 and 歼16 fighters. It is reported that China’s 歼16 type four generations of semi-heavy air vacant double superior multi-role fighters, 歼15 type four generations/four generations of semi-heavy carrier aircraft have entered the continuation. In the mass production stage, if the 歼11D four-generation and half-type air-to-air fighters will be officially put into mass production this year and next, and to fill the vacancy of the 7/7A "Flying Leopard" sniper bomber in the next few years, The company will be extremely full of fighter production in the next three to five years. In addition, with the production of four generations of semi-medium fighters produced by a certain aircraft company in southeast China and the mass production of five generations of heavy fighters, China will usher in the second history of our military. Air force equipment climax.

However, in the international arena, another situation: After the announcement of the delivery of 91 F-35 stealth fighters in 2018, the US company Loma announced that the annual production of the F35 target in 2019 is 130, and the United States and its allies are The fifth-generation fighters are equipped on a large scale, and the replacement of fighters around the world is coming. Faced with the overwhelming radar stealth military advantage of the fifth-generation aircraft, military enthusiasts will not only have doubts, but in China, they have successfully finalized the 20A five-generation heavy-duty machine and successfully tested the "Xiaoying" five-generation medium-sized aircraft. Why not change the production to five generations on a large scale. Machine, and still continue to mass produce four generations / four generations of half fighters?

Recently, a public article jointly published by a research institute of super materials in Shenzhen and an aircraft research institute in Northeast China may have solved some mysteries for us. As we all know, the existing stealth technology is to steal the cross section of the incident electromagnetic wave by reducing the combat platform. In addition to the stealth design of the aircraft shape, the material stealth is also an important auxiliary means to make up the shape stealth technology. Whether it is a five-generation machine with full stealth design or a four-generation/four-generation semi-war aircraft with improved radar shrinkage, material stealth is an indispensable technology. However, the existing material stealth technology has problems such as increased weight, limited stealth frequency, difficulty in protection and maintenance, and high use expenses. For example, the US military's F35 fighter recently broke out under the condition of supersonic use, the fuselage's wing stealth coating was damaged many times, and the stealth effect was greatly reduced; and our military's Mibo three-coordinate radar was repeatedly hundreds of kilometers. The F22 stealth fighter was discovered and tracked, and it is generally believed that the F22's stealth ability is better than the F35.

Metamaterials are special composite materials that are designed to achieve the extraordinary physical properties not found in conventional materials by orderly structural design of key physical dimensions. The use of metamaterial technology to achieve efficient electromagnetic absorbing waves provides a new way of thinking for radar stealth absorbing materials. As early as a few years ago, the chief designer of many stealth aircraft in China revealed that the super material has been applied to the multi-type stealth fighters in China, which has reduced the weight of the stealth structure by 50%, and fundamentally solved the traditional paint stealth. Maintenance issues, 40% reduction in life cycle cost. According to public information, China's metamaterial stealth technology has been developed to two generations, and stealth performance has increased by one to two orders of magnitude compared to conventional radar absorbing paint. Recently, the Institute of Shenzhen, China has made a major breakthrough in the research of metamaterial stealth, and developed an adjustable active ultra-thin metamaterial radar absorber.

The traditional passive metamaterial absorbing structure often adopts a multi-layer design in order to achieve wide-band absorbing, which significantly increases the thickness and weight of the absorbing structure, making it difficult to use the metamaterial to invisibly the fourth-generation/four-generation semi-warfare aircraft. Improvements must be taken into account when designing the aircraft in stealth. The adjustable active metamaterial stealth technology realizes the active adjustable absorption in a wide frequency range by changing the applied voltage. Combined with a sensing element capable of detecting the radar's operating frequency, the effect achieved is equivalent to a broadband absorption metamaterial. Its thickness is only 1/181 of the radar wavelength, far less than the traditional 1/4 wavelength absorbing structure, showing excellent ultra-thin characteristics, which can greatly reduce material consumption and structural mass load in practical use. Even four or four generations of semi-warfare aircraft can be used in large quantities.

Because the principle of metamaterial stealth is not to change the radar wave reflection or absorb the radar wave to steal, but to change the wave propagation path, the wave is bent to achieve the purpose of diffraction propagation to achieve stealth, combined with stealth plug-in launcher The use, perhaps without changing the shape of the fourth-generation / fourth-generation half-war machine can achieve extremely good stealth effect. What is even more surprising is that, in theory, the material also has good radar stealth characteristics in the meter wave band, and the development of a full-spectrum stealth aircraft that can also be stealth in the meter wave band has become no longer It is a dream. (Author's signature: Xiaoying said technology)
 

syed putra

Alfrescian
Loyal
Due to the high cost of building aircraft carriers and technical thresholds, many countries have competed to build large-scale amphibious assault ships in recent years, with short-range or vertical take-off and landing aircraft as the quasi-carriers, especially in countries without aircraft carriers.
China running out of cash due to trade war? Downsizing its aircraft carriers?
 

Tony Tan

Alfrescian
Loyal
I dunno why china wasting time and fuel flying overhead. Euther youd shoot the damn ship or stay home and suck your thumb.

That's exactly what they should do.

Xijinping so civilized for fuck?

Looking for the IMPOSSIBLE PISS-FOOL COEXISTENCE. Where go resources on planet earth to pamper 8 billion spoil-brate bastatds? All fucking think they got stupid RIGHTS and entitled to OPINIONS! Expect protection and security when. In the 1st place must be made VANISHED TOTALKY & FORGOTTEN like ROYINGYAS!

KNN! If Chinese tolerated and pamper the rest like this, GLOBAL TOTAL EXTINCTION SUICIDE will be COMPLETED ASAP!

Wipe out! Rohingya ALL ASAP!

Aung San Award way! Settlement flatted after burnt to ground. Corpse vanished as ash or fed sharks! Nobody protesting Rohingya Rights at Yangon Streets!

Who remember any shit about them? Their cousins Bangalah Neh also cannot remember anything!

China need to Rogingya ALL the G20 with partner Russians. Use nuke! Wipe out all clean! KPKB all you want in hell! Boh Chap!

Resources not even sufficient for 1.4 billion Chinese in no time. Still Xinjinpibg can dream PISS-FOOL COEXISTENCE w these Rohingya bastards!

Rocket Army! Ready! Fire!
 
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