Trump says Greenland is ‘surrounded’ by Chinese ships. What’s the real story?
China has engaged with Greenland in areas ranging from oil and minerals to tourism. But its footprint is far smaller than Trump claims
Xiaofei Xu in Paris
Published: 10:30pm, 7 Jan 2026Updated: 11:12pm, 7 Jan 2026
Just 24 hours after abducting the former Venezuelan leader Nicolas Maduro and his wife from Caracas, US President Donald Trump had already named his next potential target for military action: Greenland.
Trump has been
discussing “a range of options”–
including the use of armed force – to acquire the self-governed Danish territory, the White House said on Tuesday.
What would a US takeover of Greenland mean for China, if it were to really happen? The Post breaks down trade relations between the island and China – and how they have evolved over the past decade.
Is Greenland surrounded by Chinese ships?
In an interview with the Atlantic on Sunday, Trump described Greenland as being “surrounded by Russian and Chinese ships”.
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But that is not true.
Greenland occupies a strategic location in China’s “polar silk road” – one of three main trade corridors envisioned in the
Belt and Road Initiative – which was outlined by Beijing in 2017.
However, Beijing has so far mostly made progress on the Russian and European part of the strategy. The shipping routes Chinese companies
have launched to connect China and Europe via the Arctic do not reach Greenland, which geographically belongs to North America.
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Chinese activities across the Arctic region remain limited and have faced strong pushback from European countries in the area, researchers from the Rand Corporation noted in early 2025.
Is China pursuing resources deals in Greenland?
While Chinese companies have explored potential deals in the past, there is currently little interest from China in acquiring mining rights on Greenland, the island’s minister for business and mineral resources, Naaja Nathanielsen, told the Financial Times in May.
There are only two Chinese mining companies in Greenland, and they are minority shareholders in inactive projects, according to Nathanielsen, who added that Chinese investors might be holding back to avoid potential controversy.
But she stressed the island was keen to exploit its natural resources – and that it was open to turning to China if European and American companies failed to invest.
What happened to previous Chinese projects on the island?
Chinese firms may be adopting a cautious stance due to the way their previous ambitions on the island fell apart.
Energy Transition Minerals (ETM) – a mining company part-owned by the Chinese firm Shenghe Resources – claims that Greenland granted it an exploitation licence for the Kvanefjeld project in 2020, after initial explorations found the site held among the world’s largest deposits of
rare earth elements.
But the arrival of a new Greenlandic government in 2021 led to the project being banned on environmental grounds – a decision that ETM said caused the company US$7.5 billion in damages, according to court filings.
ETM filed a lawsuit against the Danish and Greenlandic governments in an effort to overturn the decision, but an arbitration court threw out the case in October. Nathanielsen praised the court’s decision, while admitting the legal proceedings still had “a long way to go”.
Other Chinese companies have also faced setbacks. Two of China’s state-owned oil giants – China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) and China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) – previously expressed interest in exploring for oil in Greenland, but the efforts went nowhere as the government stopped issuing new exploration licences in 2021, citing environmental concerns.
Another state-owned enterprise, China Communications Construction Company (CCCC), made headlines in 2018 when it was shortlisted for a contract to expand the airport in Greenland’s capital, Nuuk.
But the news raised concerns in Denmark, and CCCC withdrew its bid in 2019 without providing any further details.
What does Greenland need from China?
Trade between Beijing and Nuuk revolves around two things: tourism and fish.
China is the biggest export market for Polar Seafood Greenland, the island’s biggest private fishing company, the firm’s CEO, Bent Salling, told Chinese state media outlet Reference News in April.
Greenland’s new government, which took office in April, intends to push for a free-trade agreement with China, the island’s foreign minister, Vivian Motzfeldt, told Xinhua in March before assuming her position.
Nathanielsen has also spoken of the importance of trade with China. After her comments about Greenland potentially being open to minerals deals with Beijing sparked backlash in Denmark, she told a local media outlet: “We will have to insist that China is a market for our fish.”
Meanwhile, Greenland is keen to
attract more Chinese tourists. The island welcomed a record 3,500 visitors from China in 2024 and was on track to receive 5,000 in 2025, the former head of Greenland’s representation in Beijing, Jacob Isbosethsen, said in a farewell message in July. He now leads the island’s representation in Washington.
Xiaofei Xu
Reporter, Political Economy
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