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Serious Please Guess Cuntry? Superpower with Worsening Jobless Rate.

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India: 500,000 apply for 166 vacancies as cleaners, gardeners
Lata Rani, Correspondent Published: June 10, 2019 17:12
Many applying for the posts in Bihar are post-graduates

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Bihar Image Credit: Gulf News archives
Patna: More than 500,000 candidates, many of them highly qualified, have applied for 166 vacancies for Grade 4 employees, indicating the level of growing unemployment in India.
The positions advertised by the Bihar legislative assembly secretariat cover a variety of posts that include drivers, library attendants, office attendants, watchmen, cleaners and gardeners.
Salary for these positions start at Rs18,000 (Dh950) per month. Anyone who has passed Grade 10 school examination is eligible to apply. Strangely, many applicants were those who had passed the graduation or post-graduation examinations.
Hundreds of such applicants appeared before the state assembly on Monday for scrutiny of their papers by a private company hired by the secretariat. Around 2,000 applicants were being called every day for verifications of their documents.
“I am jobless despite a graduation degree in hand and somehow surviving by working as daily-wage driver. I have applied for the position hoping to get a job,” said Sansar Kumar, a 27-year-old youth who applied for the post of driver. The government advertisement says anyone in the age-group of 18 to 37 can apply for these posts and this has led to a huge rush of applicants.
Data released by the labour ministry in May confirmed unemployment in the country was 6.1 per cent of the total labour force during 2017-18, which is the highest in 45 years. The data was released on the day Narendra Modi 2.0 cabinet took charge on May 30.
In April last year, more than 25 million people had applied for 90,000 vacancies advertised by the Indian Railways. Here, too, the vacancies advertised were for hiring engine drivers, signalling staff, welders, porters, track maintenance workers, electricians and mechanics — yet quite many highly qualified jobless youths applied for those jobs.
Prior to this, more than 500,000 youths had applied for 3,000 posts of sweepers in Uttar Pradesh. The vacancies were advertised in August 2016.
 

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Modi's economic paradox: Strong growth, but where are the jobs?
Modi won a landslide election, but with unemployment in India at a 45-year high, what went wrong in his first term?
15 Jun 2019 12:22 GMT
India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi won a landslide election, but then the bad news started to flow: India is no longer the fastest-growing large economy and the jobless rate rose to a 45-year high.
So what went wrong in Modi's first term? And can the appointment of Nirmala Sitharaman, the country's first female finance minister since Indira Gandhi, help drive growth and create jobs for the million young people who join the labour force every month?
"Growth has slowed down lately and one of the reasons for it is that the manufacturing has not taken off. Manufacturing was Mr Modi's big agenda in his first term ... [called] 'Make in India'. That was supposed to have delivered thousands of jobs. But it has not really progressed as much as expected. So in the second term, there is a lot of hope on this Make in India project ... which should generate ... employment," Dr Sreeram Chaulia, professor and dean at the Jindal School of International Affairs, told Counting the Cost.
According to Chaulia, "the onus is on the government and Mr Modi knows it".
"The price inflation ... is quite stable over the last few years so they have room for monetary stimulus and reforms now, because the political stability and price stability cushions, through which Mr Modi can try and re-engineer the Indian economy on a high growth trajectory."
 

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Young, educated and jobless: The struggles of India's graduates
Recent studies show that people with degrees find it harder to land jobs than those without.
Tish Sanghera23 May 2019
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Students like Rohit Singh, 21, believe a top notch education is their ticket to wealth, but a degree is no longer a guarantee to white collar work [Tish Sanghera/Al Jazeera]
Mumbai, India - Down a dimly-lit backstreet known locally as Study Lane in central Mumbai, India's financial capital, Rohit Singh can frequently be found poring over his textbooks. He is trying to get into an expensive Masters in Business Administration (MBA) programme. And he is not alone; dozens of other students also study there, oblivious to the loud motorbikes tearing along the small road.
"If I get admitted to a good MBA college, then I'm sure I will get a better job," the Bachelor of Commerce student told Al Jazeera. "So many people are graduates these days that it's hard to see how either the private sector or the government can provide enough employment."
Singh, 21, and his friends along Study Lane feel they need to stand out in India's increasingly competitive job market, and this place offers them a chance to focus and compare notes. He also says he is escaping the distraction of his mother's TV.
But recent evidence suggests that a sterling education record is no longer the guarantee to a good job it may once have been. Poor education standards and burdensome corporate regulation are just two of the reasons why jobs remain hard to come by for India's graduates despite enviable economic growth rates.
According to a report released this year by the Azim Premji University's Centre for Sustainable Employment, people with a graduate degree are more than twice as likely to be unemployed than the national average. The findings are based on surveys of 160,000 households across the country. The report also says women are more likely to be unemployed than men.
Many of the students down Study Lane are the first ones in their families to ever go to university. Government figures show the proportion of India's 18 to 23-year-olds enrolled in higher education has more than doubled to 25.8 percent from 12.6 percent in 2004. India's government hopes this figure will rise to 30 percent by 2020.
The informal sector
Yet, unemployment remains a major hurdle for the Indian economy and became a major issue for Prime Minister Narendra Modi in this month's election as he sought a second term.
In February, the Business Standard newspaper published a report that it said was based on leaked government figures showing that unemployment had hit a 45-year high of 6.1 percent. Minister of Finance Arun Jaitley first said the figures were "not final" and later described the report as "disinformation". But many analysts say the data supports anecdotal evidence.
One of the main reasons graduates and people with postgraduate degrees find it hard to land jobs is the large size of the so-called informal economy, analysts say.
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The majority of Indians work without formal contracts [File: Amit Dave/Reuters]
More than 80 percent of Indians work in jobs without regular pay or social benefits, according to the International Labour Organization. In the cities, they are employed as street vendors, construction workers and in mom-and-pop shops, or as labourers on farms and in fields. The World Bank says agriculture accounts for 42 percent of the workforce.
Analysts such as Amit Basole, head of the Centre for Sustainable Employment and an author of the Azim Premji University survey, told Al Jazeera that insufficient job creation in the private sector has meant that the growth of high-skilled jobs has lagged behind that of the overall economy.
The failure to develop a large manufacturing base has been a "big disappointment", he added, explaining that such industries could have generated jobs "across the skill spectrum" and absorbed "huge increases on the supply side of the labour market".
Jayati Ghosh, an economics professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi said India has lagged behind places like South Korea, Taiwan and China, where governments have invested heavily in manufacturing, infrastructure and providing companies with access to credit.
'Openly unemployed'
Graduates are also becoming more selective. Rising expectations mean many graduates are holding out for jobs that match their qualifications, Ghosh told Al Jazeera.
"As you get higher up the education scale, people are more willing to be 'openly unemployed'. If there's no jobs available and you've done your BA degree, you're not going to then become a rickshaw driver. It doesn't make sense for them," she said.
For those graduates who decide to take up low-skilled work, the competition can be intense. The government remains a major source of such jobs. In a recent case reported by Indian media, nearly a third of the 93,000 applicants for 62 police courier jobs in the state of Uttar Pradesh had doctorates.
Government jobs provide security, benefits, and relatively good pay. Minimum salaries are currently set at 18,000 rupees ($259) a month, while 67 percent of the workforce earn less than 10,000 rupees ($144).
But for graduates like Singh, that's not good enough. He says he wants to work for a multinational company, which he hopes will pay more than the 30,000-40,000 rupees ($430-$575) monthly wage his father earned.
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Studying for a brighter future, but competition for jobs in India is fierce [Tish Sanghera/Al Jazeera]
But even if he succeeds in earning his MBA from a local university, future employers may still question the quality of his education.
In a recent survey by Aspiring Minds, a skills assessment and research firm, employers said 80 percent of Indian engineering graduates did not meet the minimum requirements of the companies looking to hire them. Many such firms say prospective candidates lack sufficient industry experience because their courses are too theoretical.
Poorly-trained teachers, an exam system that rewards rote learning and teaching institutions that don't meet the needs of industry, are some of the reasons graduates face a skills deficit, says Varun Aggarwal, cofounder of Aspiring Minds.
"Few graduates have done internships or heard an industry talk and few professors discuss industry applications for the skills they teach," Aggarwal told Al Jazeera. "We found over 90 percent of engineering graduates are not even able to write ten lines of code," a major reason why many large companies are investing in sizeable training campuses and three- to six-month long bridging courses.
The government has tried to offer alternatives to the typical college or university route through skilling and vocational training programmes like the National Skill Development Corporation and Skill India scheme. But with a lack of available data and follow-up surveys, experts have found it difficult to assess their effect.

"We do know, however, that the emphasis has been on meeting targets and pushing people through the programme, with no clarity on them securing jobs or gaining employable skills," says Basole of the Centre for Sustainable Employment.
Despite the odds apparently being stacked against him, Singh remains optimistic that an MBA and good old-fashioned hard work are his tickets out of the backstreets of Mumbai. "My father has always told me one thing - whatever you do, do it well and you will be fine," he said.
 

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Job crisis in Uttar Pradesh: 3,700 PhD holders, among other over-qualified candidates, apply for peon jobs
When educated people with PhDs are applying in large numbers for peon jobs in a region, it is a strong indication of a job crisis. This is what is happening in Uttar Pradesh, where PhD holders, post graduates, among 93,000 candidates, are applying for peon jobs.
The post which requires a minimum eligibility of Class 5 now has applicants which include 3,700 PhD holders, 50,000 graduates and 28,000 post graduates, who have applied for 62 posts of messengers in Uttar Pradesh police, according to The Economic Times.
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Representational image. Reuters.
The only criteria to apply for the post of a peon requires the candidate to know how to ride a bicycle. However, the police department, considering the huge stock of over-qualified applicants, has decided to conduct a selection process for the post that has been lying vacant for 12 years. The exam includes reasoning, general knowledge and mathematics to test the skills of candidates.
According to officials, the high-paying post with a starting salary of Rs 20,000 per month caught the attention of the candidates.
Labour and Employment minister Swami Prasad Maurya had told the Uttar Pradesh legislative council on Wednesday that there are more than 21 lakh registered unemployed people in the state.
Replying to a question raised by Congress legislator Deepak Singh during Question Hour, Maurya had said, "The number of jobs in the government sector are limited, while in the private sector the numbers are very high. The state government organised Investors' Summit in February this year, and in a span of four months projects worth Rs 60,000 crore have started. If the conditions are favourable, then we will give jobs to 33 lakh persons."
 
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