COVID 19 vaccine successfully developed!!

[Hypocrite-The]

Philippines approves emergency use of Russia's Sputnik V vaccine as COVID-19 cases spike
FILE PHOTO: Vials labelled "Sputnik V Coronavirus COVID-19 Vaccine" are seen in this illustration photo taken March 12, 2021. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration
19 Mar 2021 11:42AM
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MANILA: The Philippines has approved Russia's Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use, the country's Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said on Friday (Mar 19), as the Southeast Asian country battles a renewed surge in infections.
The vaccine, developed by Russia's Gamaleya Institute, is the fourth to get emergency use authorisation in the Philippines.
"The known and potential benefits of the Gamaleya Sputnik V vaccine ... outweigh the known and potential risks of said vaccine," FDA chief Rolando Enrique Domingo told a news conference.
Interim data showed the two-dose Sputnik V vaccine had an efficacy of 91.6 per cent in age groups 18 and older, Domingo said.
In February, a medical panel in Vietnam recommended the approval of the Sputnik V vaccine.
US vaccine makers Moderna and Johnson & Johnson have made inquiries about the documentary requirements for emergency use approval but have yet to file applications, Domingo said.
The Philippines, which has the second-highest number of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Southeast Asia, is facing a renewed wave of infections, with nearly 20,000 new cases reported in the past four days.
READ: Manila orders anyone below 18 to stay indoors as COVID-19 cases surge
The government plans to roll out 140.5 million vaccines by December, to inoculate 70 million adults and achieve herd immunity for a safer reopening of the country's pandemic-battered economy, which contracted by a record 9.5 per cent in 2020.
It launched an inoculation programme on Mar 1 and has received delivery of 1.125 million doses of the Sinovac and AstraZeneca vaccines.

 

[Hypocrite-The]

In the US, the first two available Covid-19 vaccines were the ones from Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna. Both vaccines have very high "efficacy rates," of around 95%. But the third vaccine introduced in the US, from Johnson & Johnson, has a considerably lower efficacy rate: just 66%. Look at those numbers next to each other, and it's natural to conclude that one of them is considerably worse. Why settle for 66% when you can have 95%? But that isn't the right way to understand a vaccine's efficacy rate, or even to understand what a vaccine does. And public health experts say that if you really want to know which vaccine is the best one, efficacy isn't actually the most important number at all.

 

[Hypocrite-The]

johnson & johnson covid 19 vaccine


Dr. Dean Blumberg, Chief of Pediatric Infectious Diseases at UC Davis Children's Hospital, explains how the new Johnson and Johnson COVID-19 vaccine works and answers common questions, including why it's different from other coronavirus vaccines, how side effects compare to Pfizer and Moderna vaccines and more. For the latest information and resources on COVID-19, visit https://health.ucdavis.edu/coronavirus/ See the latest news from UC Davis Health: https://health.ucdavis.edu/newsroom 0:00 How is the Johnson & Johnson vaccine different? 0:25 Why is it easier to distribute? 1:00 Is it as effective as other COVID vaccines? 1:44 Are the side effects different? 2:01 Why is it important to have another vaccine available?

 

[Hypocrite-The]

Can one vaccine ward off all coronavirus? Researchers are about to find out
The Conversation
/
By Marios Koutsakos
Posted 16hhours ago, updated 10hhours ago

It's likely a universal coronavirus vaccine may take years to develop.(
AP: Martin Meissner
)
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Variants of the virus that causes COVID-19 are emerging and becoming dominant around the world. So some vaccines are being updated to allow our immune system to learn how to deal with them.
But this process of identifying and characterising variants that can escape our immune system, then tweaking a vaccine to deal with them, can take time.
So researchers are designing a universal coronavirus vaccine. This could mean one vaccine to protect against different variants of SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. Alternatively, a universal vaccine would target many different coronaviruses, perhaps one waiting in the wings to cause the next pandemic.
Here's where the science is up to and the challenges ahead.
Why would we need a universal coronavirus vaccine?
Coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, belong to a large and diverse family of viruses that infect humans and animals. And a universal coronavirus vaccine might be particularly important under two scenarios.
The first is the emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2. The second is the emergence of new coronaviruses that may cause a pandemic in the future. Indeed, SARS-CoV-2 is not the first of the coronaviruses that has "crossed" from animals and can cause severe disease in humans and it is unlikely to be the last.

The design of a universal vaccine against any group of viruses is no small task.(
ABC Coffs Coast: Melissa Martin
)How do we even start?
Researchers are already designing and testing a universal vaccine against influenza.
If successful, this would avoid needing to tweak the vaccine every year to guard against new variants.
So we can apply what we've learnt to designing a universal coronavirus vaccine.
We could look for common features
We could identify parts of the virus common to the entire family of coronaviruses or variants. So we could analyse and compare the genetic sequences of the viruses to find some common ground.
Alternatively, we could isolate immune cells that can react with all coronaviruses or a number of variants. These could be antibodies or T cells (a type of immune cell that specialises in identifying and killing virus-infected cells). Then we could map where on the viruses these target. In other words, we're looking for a common antigen or group of antigens.
Read more about COVID-19 vaccines:

• The 'concerning' divide in Australians' attitudes to vaccines
• Pausing AstraZeneca rollout an "overreaction", experts say
• Tracking Australia's COVID vaccine rollout

We can then use that knowledge to design a vaccine to teach the immune system how to specifically recognise those parts of the virus.
Several pharmaceutical companies around the world are investigating such approaches against COVID-19, although all are at very early stages of development, and have yet to start clinical trials.
We could make a ‘mosaic' vaccine
An alternative approach is to make a "mosaic" vaccine. This is a vaccine that contains antigens from a few different variants or coronaviruses.
These are arranged on a nanoparticle — an extremely small biological structure made from proteins that serves as a platform for delivering antigens. Using this approach, our immune system figures out the commonalities itself. It then learns how to generate antibodies that react broadly to all the different viruses.
Scientists from the US have tested this approach in mice. After being vaccinated with the mosaic vaccine, the mice had an immune response against SARS-CoV-2 and a range of other coronaviruses from bats. The results are interesting for two reasons.

The first is the type of immune response. The mice raised a broad range of neutralising antibodies, the types of antibodies that can stop a virus from infecting our cells and therefore provide the strongest protection. These neutralising antibodies are the main goal of vaccines.
The mice also raised an immune response to bat coronaviruses. This strategy could be useful for providing protection against future pandemics, should a bat coronavirus cross over to infect humans.
But "mosaic" vaccines against coronaviruses have yet to be tested in humans.
So what are the challenges ahead?
The design of a universal vaccine against any group of viruses is no small task. Indeed, universal vaccines against HIV or influenza have been the focus of intense research for years.
Some candidate universal vaccines against HIV or influenza have been assessed in human clinical trials and shown to be safe. However, the efficacy results have generally been modest.
Got questions about the COVID vaccines? We have answers

Confused about Australia's vaccine rollout? We've tracked down the answers to the questions you've been asking.
Read more
One big challenge is these vaccines need to able to protect against an incredibly large number of possible variants. The good news is that SARS-CoV-2 mutates slower than HIV or influenza viruses, so variants may take longer to arise.
The second challenge is establishing long-lasting immunity, which both HIV and influenza universal vaccines have yet to show.
A third barrier to overcome is learning how to anticipate the virus' next mutation or which animal coronavirus may cause the next pandemic.
So it is likely a universal coronavirus vaccine, whether it aims to cover multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 or animal coronaviruses with pandemic potential, may take years to develop.
For now, we have to rely on reformulating currently available vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 to accommodate the emergence of new variants.
Marios Koutsakos is a research fellow at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity. This piece first appeared on The Conversation.
Posted 16hhours ago, updated 10hhours ago

 

[Hypocrite-The]

Pfizer, Moderna COVID-19 vaccines highly effective after first shot, study finds
Posted 2h

The results validate earlier studies that had indicated the vaccines begin to work soon after a first dose.( ABC News: Cameron Schwartz )
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The Pfizer and Moderna coronavirus vaccines reduced the risk of infection by 80 per cent two weeks or more after the first of two shots, according to data from a real-world US study.
Key points:

• The study looked at the effectiveness of the mRNA vaccines among 3,950 participants over 13 weeks
• The CDC said the study results provide reassurance that people start to develop protection from the vaccine two weeks after their first dose
• It comes weeks after real-world data suggested the Pfizer vaccine was 94 per cent effective in preventing asymptomatic infections

The risk of infection fell 90 per cent by two weeks after the second shot, the study of nearly 4,000 US healthcare personnel and first responders found.
The results validate earlier studies that had indicated the vaccines begin to work soon after a first dose and confirm that they also prevent asymptomatic infections.
Some countries dealing with limited vaccine supplies have pushed back schedules for second doses with the hope of getting some protection to more people.
US public health officials, however, continue to recommend two doses be given on the schedule authorised by regulators based on clinical trials.

The study evaluated the vaccines' ability to protect against infection, including infections that did not cause symptoms.( AP: Marta Lavandier )
The study by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) evaluated the vaccines' ability to protect against infection, including infections that did not cause symptoms.
Previous clinical trials by the companies evaluated their vaccine's efficacy in preventing illness from COVID-19, but those studies would have missed asymptomatic infections.
The findings from the real-world use of these messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines also confirm the efficacy demonstrated in the large controlled clinical trials conducted before they received emergency use authorisations from the US Food and Drug Administration.
The study looked at the effectiveness of the mRNA vaccines among 3,950 participants in six states over a 13-week period from December 14, 2020 to March 13, 2021.
About 74 per cent had at least one shot, and tests were conducted weekly to catch any infections without symptoms.
"The authorised mRNA COVID-19 vaccines provided early, substantial real-world protection against infection for our nation's healthcare personnel, first responders and other frontline essential workers," CDC Director Rochelle Walensky said in a statement.

The Pfizer vaccine (which is approved for use in Australia) uses mRNA technology.( ABC News: Michael Franchi )
The new mRNA technology is a synthetic form of a natural chemical messenger being used to instruct cells to make proteins that mirror part of the novel coronavirus.
That teaches the immune system to recognise and attack the actual virus.
Protection begins to develop two weeks after first dose
The CDC study comes weeks after real-world data from Israel suggested that the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine was 94 per cent effective in preventing asymptomatic infections.
Britain and Canada were among the countries that have allowed extended gaps between doses of up to three or four months.

The United Kingdom and Canada were among the countries that have allowed extended gaps between doses of up to three or four months.( Pool Via AP: Victoria Jones )
UK authorities said in January that data supported its decision for a 12-week gap between doses.
Pfizer and its German partner have warned that they had no evidence to prove that. In their pivotal trials, there was a three-week gap between Pfizer shots and four weeks for the Moderna vaccine.
The CDC said the study results provide reassurance that people start to develop protection from the vaccine two weeks after their first dose.
However, the agency reiterated that the greatest protection was seen among those who had received both recommended doses of the vaccines.
Reuters

 

[laksaboy]

Is HSA still 'evaluating' Sinovac vaccines? Evaluate till when? Christmas?

By the way, recently a 12th Hongkie died after getting a Sinovac vaccination.

 

[Hypocrite-The]

Is HSA still 'evaluating' Sinovac vaccines? Evaluate till when? Christmas?

By the way, recently a 12th Hongkie died after getting a Sinovac vaccination.

Easy..just say data requested from tiongland not given...blah blah blah etc etc

 

[tobelightlight]

Is HSA still 'evaluating' Sinovac vaccines? Evaluate till when? Christmas?

By the way, recently a 12th Hongkie died after getting a Sinovac vaccination.

i can't believe that Singaporeans vote for such caliber of a govt. They are using money to buy a ticket for opening economy, not for your health. Take vaccine at your own risk. Ascended masters and higher Dimensional ETs advise us against taking the vaccine and I WILL TAKE THAT ADVICE.

 

[Hypocrite-The]

Theindependent
This happens because the vaccine is very potent in inducing an immune response.

Author
- Advertisement -
CNN – Doctors revealed that individuals who experience side effects including fever, fatigue and arm pain after receiving the Covid-19 vaccine should not panic as this could mean that the immune system is reacting as intended.
Side effects from Covid-19 vaccines won’t last long. They could actually prove that the immune system is working the way it’s supposed to, reported CNN on Thursday (Apr 15).
According to Dr Peter Hotez, who is a vaccinologist and dean of the National School of Tropical Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine, the most common side effects of receiving the Covid-19 vaccine include arm soreness, body aches, fatigue and low-grade fever.
The medical professional added that he too “had shaking chills for a couple of hours” after receiving the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.
- Advertisement -
“And we know why this happens — because the vaccine is very potent in inducing an immune response. That’s one of the reasons why we’re getting such high levels of protection” against Covid-19,” he added.
In Singapore, Minister for Health Gan Kim Yong confirmed earlier this year that both the Health Sciences Authority (HSA) and Expert Committee on Covid-19 vaccination had studied the data from clinical trials and vaccination initiatives in other countries.
They have factored the issue of side effects into their evaluation before granting authorisation or making a recommendation on the use of Covid-19 vaccines, said Mr Gan.
“Based on data available today, people who receive the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine may experience side effects such as pain in the injection site, fatigue, fever, muscle aches, or headaches.
These are similar to the side effects for other established vaccines, and they usually resolve on their own in a few days,” he noted.
According to the Ministry of Health (MOH) update on Apr 6, about 1.67 million doses of vaccine have been administered, with around 536,000 receiving both doses, thus completing the full vaccination regimen.
Meanwhile, about 1.1 million individuals have gotten the first dose of either the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine which are the two approved Covid-19 vaccines for use in the country./TISG
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[Hypocrite-The]

What's the Valneva COVID-19 vaccine, the French shot that's supposed to be 'variant-proof'?
The Conversation
/
By Adam Taylor
Posted Yesterday at 2:11pm, updated Yesterday at 5:13pm

Whether Valneva's vaccine is really "variant-proof" or merely less affected by emerging variants remains to be seen.
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A COVID-19 vaccine from French company Valneva has yet to complete clinical trials. But it has caught the eye of governments in the UK, Europe and Australia.
One of the vaccine's main selling points is its apparent ability to mount a more general immune response against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, rather than rely on the spike protein to do this.
This means the vaccine is more likely to be effective against the type of virus variants we've already seen emerging, and may emerge in the future. Some reports describe it as "variant-proof".
The hope is vaccines using this technology would be able to provide protection for longer, rather than keep being reformulated to get ahead of these new variants.
How does it work?
Valneva's vaccine, called VLA2001, is based on tried and tested vaccine technology. It's the technology used in the vaccine against poliovirus and in some types of flu vaccines. And the company already has a commercially available Japanese encephalitis vaccine based on the same technology.
VLA2001 uses an inactivated version of the whole virus, which cannot replicate or cause disease.
The virus is inactivated using a chemical called beta-propiolactone or BPL. This is widely used to inactivate other viruses for vaccines. It was even used to make experimental versions of vaccines against SARS-CoV, the virus that caused SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome).
This type of inactivation is expected to preserve the structure of the viral proteins, as they would occur in nature. This means the immune system will be presented with something similar to what occurs naturally, and mount a strong immune response.

The UK government has pre-ordered more than 100 million doses of the vaccine from Valneva.(
Reuters
)
After being inactivated, the vaccine would be highly purified. Then, an adjuvant (an immune stimulant) is added to induce a strong immune response.
VLA2001 isn't the first inactivated vaccine against COVID-19. Leading COVID-19 inactivated vaccines, such as those developed by Sinopharm and Bharat Biotech, have been approved for use in China and received emergency approval in other countries, including India.
However, VLA2001 is the only COVID-19 vaccine candidate using whole inactivated virus in clinical trials in the UK and in mainland Europe.
What are the benefits we know so far?
This approach to vaccine development presents the immune system with all of the structural components of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, not just the spike protein, as many other COVID-19 vaccines do.
So Valneva's vaccine is thought to produce a more broadly protective immune response. That is, antibodies and cells of the immune system are able to recognise and neutralise more pieces of the virus than just the spike protein.
As a result, Valneva's vaccine could be more effective at tackling emerging COVID-19 virus variants and, if approved, play a useful role as a booster vaccine.
Valneva's vaccine can be stored at standard cold-chain conditions (2-8 degrees Celsius) and is expected to be given as two shots.
How about results from clinical trials?
According to the company, no safety concerns or serious adverse events were associated with VLA2001 in early-stage clinical trials.
VLA2001 was given as a low, medium or high dose in these trials with all participants in the high-dose group generating antibodies to the virus spike protein.
What COVID vaccines are being used where?

The race to vaccinate is a marathon, not a sprint, with countries around the world looking to multiple suppliers to help get them over the finish line.
Read more
One measure of immune response in the high-dose group after completing the two doses indicated antibody levels were, after two weeks, at least as high as those seen in patients naturally infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Interestingly, VLA2001 induced immune responses against a number of virus proteins (including the spike protein) across all participants, an encouraging sign the vaccine can provide broad protection against COVID-19.
The vaccine has since advanced to phase 3 clinical trials in the UK. The trial, which started in April 2021, will compare its safety and efficacy with the AstraZeneca vaccine.
The phase 3 trial is expected to be completed by the northern hemisphere's autumn this year. And if successful, would be submitted for regulatory approval after that.
Who's interested?
Despite phase 3 clinical trials only just starting, the UK government has pre-ordered more than 100 million doses of the vaccine from Valneva, with the option of buying more down the track. If trials prove successful and pass regulatory approval, this means the vaccine could be used as a booster in time for this year's northern hemisphere's winter.

Australia has confirmed it's also in talks with Valeneva about importing the vaccine. Some countries in Europe are also reportedly keen to strike a deal.
As new cases of COVID-19 increase globally, we'll continue to see new viral variants emerge that threaten to escape the protection existing vaccines offer.
Already, we are seeing vaccines from companies such as Moderna and Novavax begin to reformulate their spike protein-based vaccines to get ahead of emerging variants.
So Valneva's vaccine, with the potential to elicit a more broadly protective immune response, may prove to be a useful tool to combat the rise of the virus and its mutations. However, whether the vaccine is really "variant-proof" or merely less affected by emerging variants remains to be seen.
Adam Taylor is an early career research leader of the Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group at the Menzies Health Institute Queensland at Griffith University. This piece first appeared on The Conversation.

 

[tobelightlight]

I play with this shit for 5 and half years to earn this (a great mistake of my life should not have done it but that another story for another day).... and my thesis is related to infectious disease. Not from google and wikipedia. if you really still insist on having that belief....lol so be it. stupidity has no cure. who is fraud who is telling the truth can be easily double check on the net using browser.


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Mainstream education on medicine? No way I am giving credit to that.