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Sincere essay, but let me try to explain why:
1) The "opposition" can't "unite"
2) Why Malaysia's case wasn't really different from Singapore's (except for the number of seats won)
The "opposition" is in reality made up of very different parties with different leaders and styles. As Goh Meng Seng said in Facebook, they would unite if their only role is to oppose the PAP - but that isn't a good thing, is it?
RP - Jeyaretnams-based, carrying JBJ's unfinished work.
SDA - Chiam-based, carrying his work, and an alliance that can absorb other parties.
SDP - Chee-based and proud of their difference with the rest - dynamic, international relations, doing the right thing as an opposition.
WP - seen to be the most prospective party by the mainstream and fence-sitters who know a bit politics, who make up largest group, in terms of Parl representation (hence experience) hence higher votes and chance of elected (though if anyone joins his climb tends to be slower and chances of being fielded are lower).
NSP - within the party there is no prominent leader in the scale of the other 4 that can engulf and control other members, hence there is a lot of internal liberalism/democracy - each candidate can find and decide his own team, own constituency, own strategy.
Basically they all cover what prospective opp politicians think are winning chances - party branding, personality branding or individual-diverse-strategy branding. Rarely will you find a party where all 3 exist. For eg if a party is too personality based, the name of the party will become more difficult to grow. Eg being SPP, often remembered as Chiam's party rather than SPP. And if it is both party and personality, it tends to have central control and hence candidates will find themselves "stifled".
That explains why new ones like USD and SF or race-based PKMS cannot find much more market since all 3 markets exist in the 5 parties.
If they could unite, they would slowly evolve into one party in the first place. In 1980, Chiam could have joined WP instead of forming SDP. Same for those who left SDP to form NSP instead of joining WP. Chiam when ousted from SDP could also have joined WP. JBJ could have found mutually agreeable space with the rest of WP and RP would not have been formed. KJ would have joined WP and left RP to die a natural death. All these didn't happen - for reasons. The people involved hold different ideas on not only to oppose the PAP but how to oppose SUCCESSFULLY. Who said they can't?
(Now, I mentioned WP several times not because I am pro-it, but because it is the oldest in which genuine one-opposition concept would have seen later players fall into it.)
Next on why Malaysia's case wasn't different. Before that, the differences with Singapore opposition.
Firstly, Malaysia is a lot bigger and less homogenious. That itself puts the entire equation differently.
Secondly, the BN had in 1970 absorbed most of the opposition parties when it tried to form a unity government, so BN took most of the bad which spelt the beginning of its end, which manifested in 2008. You really needed to be altruistic to avoid the temptation of joining the BN, hence the good ones like DAP and PAS are left. With that BN took more bad, expelled more good which led to bringing in more bad and expelling more good and so on - a vicious cycle. In my view, the opposition in Msia is presently already more capable of governance than BN. Only that the narrow margin of voters still trust BN.
Now on why Malaysia's case wasn't different.
In 2008, the number of opposition contesting in Malaysia was actually 7 and not 3. This number 7 is more than what we will get from Singapore's opposition in the next GE which is 5 or 6.
In reality, Pakatan was another name for the opposition (other than the opp that didn't join PR). There wasn't really coordinated strategy. The parties ran their own campaigns in their own states.
You might wonder why only the 3 Pakatan parties won seats. It's the same reason why in Singapore 2 parties won seats and 1 didn't even score 25%. It's the branding of each party (esp DAP and PAS) in their states (not the Pakatan's) + the screwups of BN. The former exists in WP, to a certain extent SDA and maybe RP now etc. while the latter (PAP's screwup) did not happen in 2006 - at least not to the extent of BN.
Anwar, of course, was a factor, but he was a national factor and figure in favour of the opposition, not a unifying factor. In fact many DAP and PAS contests against the BN didn't even see the presence of Anwar - not in name, in person at rallies or in their posters.
1) The "opposition" can't "unite"
2) Why Malaysia's case wasn't really different from Singapore's (except for the number of seats won)
The "opposition" is in reality made up of very different parties with different leaders and styles. As Goh Meng Seng said in Facebook, they would unite if their only role is to oppose the PAP - but that isn't a good thing, is it?
RP - Jeyaretnams-based, carrying JBJ's unfinished work.
SDA - Chiam-based, carrying his work, and an alliance that can absorb other parties.
SDP - Chee-based and proud of their difference with the rest - dynamic, international relations, doing the right thing as an opposition.
WP - seen to be the most prospective party by the mainstream and fence-sitters who know a bit politics, who make up largest group, in terms of Parl representation (hence experience) hence higher votes and chance of elected (though if anyone joins his climb tends to be slower and chances of being fielded are lower).
NSP - within the party there is no prominent leader in the scale of the other 4 that can engulf and control other members, hence there is a lot of internal liberalism/democracy - each candidate can find and decide his own team, own constituency, own strategy.
Basically they all cover what prospective opp politicians think are winning chances - party branding, personality branding or individual-diverse-strategy branding. Rarely will you find a party where all 3 exist. For eg if a party is too personality based, the name of the party will become more difficult to grow. Eg being SPP, often remembered as Chiam's party rather than SPP. And if it is both party and personality, it tends to have central control and hence candidates will find themselves "stifled".
That explains why new ones like USD and SF or race-based PKMS cannot find much more market since all 3 markets exist in the 5 parties.
If they could unite, they would slowly evolve into one party in the first place. In 1980, Chiam could have joined WP instead of forming SDP. Same for those who left SDP to form NSP instead of joining WP. Chiam when ousted from SDP could also have joined WP. JBJ could have found mutually agreeable space with the rest of WP and RP would not have been formed. KJ would have joined WP and left RP to die a natural death. All these didn't happen - for reasons. The people involved hold different ideas on not only to oppose the PAP but how to oppose SUCCESSFULLY. Who said they can't?
(Now, I mentioned WP several times not because I am pro-it, but because it is the oldest in which genuine one-opposition concept would have seen later players fall into it.)
Next on why Malaysia's case wasn't different. Before that, the differences with Singapore opposition.
Firstly, Malaysia is a lot bigger and less homogenious. That itself puts the entire equation differently.
Secondly, the BN had in 1970 absorbed most of the opposition parties when it tried to form a unity government, so BN took most of the bad which spelt the beginning of its end, which manifested in 2008. You really needed to be altruistic to avoid the temptation of joining the BN, hence the good ones like DAP and PAS are left. With that BN took more bad, expelled more good which led to bringing in more bad and expelling more good and so on - a vicious cycle. In my view, the opposition in Msia is presently already more capable of governance than BN. Only that the narrow margin of voters still trust BN.
Now on why Malaysia's case wasn't different.
In 2008, the number of opposition contesting in Malaysia was actually 7 and not 3. This number 7 is more than what we will get from Singapore's opposition in the next GE which is 5 or 6.
In reality, Pakatan was another name for the opposition (other than the opp that didn't join PR). There wasn't really coordinated strategy. The parties ran their own campaigns in their own states.
You might wonder why only the 3 Pakatan parties won seats. It's the same reason why in Singapore 2 parties won seats and 1 didn't even score 25%. It's the branding of each party (esp DAP and PAS) in their states (not the Pakatan's) + the screwups of BN. The former exists in WP, to a certain extent SDA and maybe RP now etc. while the latter (PAP's screwup) did not happen in 2006 - at least not to the extent of BN.
Anwar, of course, was a factor, but he was a national factor and figure in favour of the opposition, not a unifying factor. In fact many DAP and PAS contests against the BN didn't even see the presence of Anwar - not in name, in person at rallies or in their posters.