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http://slide.news.sina.com.cn/w/slide_1_2841_339999.html#p=1
被扣留的乌克兰海军抵达法院接受审判
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2018.11.28 07:51:09
当地时间2018年11月27日，克里米亚辛菲罗波尔，被扣留的乌克兰海军抵达法院受审，民众和记者聚集在法院门口。俄罗斯总统新闻秘书佩斯科夫对记者表示，被扣留的乌克兰海军的命运取决于法院的判决。
被扣留的乌克兰海军抵达法院接受审判
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2018.11.28 07:51:09
2 / 4
11月25日，乌克兰海军“别尔江斯克”号、“尼科波尔”号和“亚内卡布”号驶入了“俄罗斯临时封闭海域并从黑海驶向刻赤海峡”，俄联邦安全局边防局和黑海舰队伴航舰艇发出立即停船要求，乌方未予反应，而后三艘舰艇被俄方扣留。
被扣留的乌克兰海军抵达法院接受审判
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2018.11.28 07:51:09
现场图。
被扣留的乌克兰海军抵达法院接受审判
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2018.11.28 07:51:09
4 / 4
现场图。
Http://slide.news.sina.com.cn/w/slide_1_2841_339999.html#p=1
The detained Ukrainian navy arrived at the court for trial
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2018.11.28 07:51:09
1 / 4
On November 27, 2018, in Simferopol, Crimea, the detained Ukrainian Navy arrived at the court for trial, and the public and journalists gathered at the door of the court. Russian Presidential Press Secretary Peskov told reporters that the fate of the Ukrainian Navy detained depends on the court's decision.
The detained Ukrainian navy arrived at the court for trial
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2018.11.28 07:51:09
twenty four
On November 25th, the Ukrainian Navy "Berjiangsk", "Nikopo" and "Yankabu" entered the "transit temporarily closed waters of Russia and sailed from the Black Sea to the Kerch Strait", the Russian Federation The Security Bureau's Border Defense Bureau and the Black Sea Fleet's companion ship issued an immediate stop request. The Ukrainian side did not respond, and the latter three ships were detained by the Russian side.
The detained Ukrainian navy arrived at the court for trial
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2018.11.28 07:51:09
3 / 4
Site map.
The detained Ukrainian navy arrived at the court for trial
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2018.11.28 07:51:09
4 / 4
Site map.
被扣留的乌克兰海军抵达法院接受审判
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2018.11.28 07:51:09
当地时间2018年11月27日，克里米亚辛菲罗波尔，被扣留的乌克兰海军抵达法院受审，民众和记者聚集在法院门口。俄罗斯总统新闻秘书佩斯科夫对记者表示，被扣留的乌克兰海军的命运取决于法院的判决。
被扣留的乌克兰海军抵达法院接受审判
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2018.11.28 07:51:09
2 / 4
11月25日，乌克兰海军“别尔江斯克”号、“尼科波尔”号和“亚内卡布”号驶入了“俄罗斯临时封闭海域并从黑海驶向刻赤海峡”，俄联邦安全局边防局和黑海舰队伴航舰艇发出立即停船要求，乌方未予反应，而后三艘舰艇被俄方扣留。
被扣留的乌克兰海军抵达法院接受审判
支持 键翻阅图片 列表查看
全屏观看
2018.11.28 07:51:09
现场图。
被扣留的乌克兰海军抵达法院接受审判
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2018.11.28 07:51:09
4 / 4
现场图。
Http://slide.news.sina.com.cn/w/slide_1_2841_339999.html#p=1
The detained Ukrainian navy arrived at the court for trial
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Full screen view
2018.11.28 07:51:09
1 / 4
On November 27, 2018, in Simferopol, Crimea, the detained Ukrainian Navy arrived at the court for trial, and the public and journalists gathered at the door of the court. Russian Presidential Press Secretary Peskov told reporters that the fate of the Ukrainian Navy detained depends on the court's decision.
The detained Ukrainian navy arrived at the court for trial
Support key flip through pictures list view
Full screen view
2018.11.28 07:51:09
twenty four
On November 25th, the Ukrainian Navy "Berjiangsk", "Nikopo" and "Yankabu" entered the "transit temporarily closed waters of Russia and sailed from the Black Sea to the Kerch Strait", the Russian Federation The Security Bureau's Border Defense Bureau and the Black Sea Fleet's companion ship issued an immediate stop request. The Ukrainian side did not respond, and the latter three ships were detained by the Russian side.
The detained Ukrainian navy arrived at the court for trial
Support key flip through pictures list view
Full screen view
2018.11.28 07:51:09
3 / 4
Site map.
The detained Ukrainian navy arrived at the court for trial
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2018.11.28 07:51:09
4 / 4
Site map.
Putin is too kind and too civilized. Put POW on trial.
KNN! Let them float corpse at where they intruded. Fed to sharks! Not allowed to salvage nor rescue. Show their corpse photo / video on internet.
This is what Xijinping should do to Dotard Navy at South China Sea.
Tell Dotard this is NEW GENEVA CONVENTION 中文版 & You Chow Ang Mohs Suck it up and Lick it clean!
KNN! Let them float corpse at where they intruded. Fed to sharks! Not allowed to salvage nor rescue. Show their corpse photo / video on internet.
This is what Xijinping should do to Dotard Navy at South China Sea.
Tell Dotard this is NEW GENEVA CONVENTION 中文版 & You Chow Ang Mohs Suck it up and Lick it clean!
World is a BULLY REALITY. Fucktard Civilized Ways means all man and all forms of lives will end up in TOTAL EXTINCTION in no time!
http://www.sohu.com/a/278365672_100145375
乌克兰导弹艇狼群袭击俄军：乌军沮丧交代全部秘密
2018-11-28 17:38 美国 /军舰 /俄罗斯
11月25日，从乌克兰敖德萨出发的两艘炮艇及一艘拖船在强闯刻赤海峡时，被俄罗斯舰艇撞击开火后直接扣押，而这3艘乌克兰船只上的水手，也全部被俄罗斯并带回国内审问。26日，俄媒就公布了18名乌水手的完整名单及审讯视频。
在这些公开的新消息中，十分巧合的是，一位名叫马克里亚克的乌军中尉，还曾在之前提出过要用“狼群战术”对俄罗斯舰艇进行围攻。然而，讽刺的是，其这种构想还未切实实现时，就已经先被俄罗斯逮捕。
此外，在这些被俄军扣押的乌方人员中，另一个名叫莱索沃伊的三级船长还在审讯中承认，他们的船上装载有小型武器、机枪以及弹药。行动中他们也确实无视了俄边防舰艇的警告，且在之后也按要求对俄军舰做出了挑衅动作。
由此，可以说，在事件爆发后出现的混乱口水战中，俄罗斯算是率先亮出实证，用来自乌克兰士兵的证词直接驳斥了乌克兰、美国及欧洲等对俄率先发起挑衅的指控。
当然，由于这些士兵目前还被扣押在俄罗斯，其未来在回国后还很可能在态度上会出现反转。因此，乌克兰及西方也不可能就此向俄罗斯低头道歉。如在联合国召开的紧急会议上，美国就直接抨击俄罗斯的行为是对乌克兰领土主权的无耻侵犯。并且，在事件发生时，美军还紧急派遣了一架侦察机飞入黑海进行巡逻。而就西方的这种表态。
俄罗斯方面的回应同样直接，克里米亚行政长官阿克肖诺夫就表示：他确信，乌克兰的这一挑衅动作背后站着“西方主子”。俄议员更是直接称，这是美国在为侵犯俄罗斯做准备，因为若该地区局势紧张，美国便有借口在乌克兰进行军事部署。
另外，在各方口水战不断的情况下，还值得关注的一点就是，俄罗斯总统普京就该事件和德国总理默克尔进行了电话交谈。
俄媒称，普京在电话中表示，希望德国能对乌克兰产生影响，以防止其再采取轻率的行动。对此，有外媒分析就指出，在北约已明确表达要全力支持乌克兰的情况下，德国的这个举动就意味颇深，因为这通电话除能为双方就该事件的进一步谈判留下台阶外。在当前美国不断批评北约的情况下，默克尔和普京的互动或许也是在未来的美欧博弈增加筹码。返回搜狐，查看更多
Ukrainian missile boat wolves attacked the Russian army: the Ukrainian army frustrated to explain all the secrets
2018-11-28 17:38
United States
/
warship
/
Russia
On November 25th, two gunboats and a tugboat from Odessa, Ukraine, were directly seized by the Russian ship when they were forced to attack the Kerch Strait. The sailors on the three Ukrainian ships were all Russian. And brought back to the domestic interrogation. On the 26th, the Russian media announced the full list of 18 Ukrainian sailors and the trial video.
In these new public news, it is quite coincidental that a lieutenant named Macriac, who had previously proposed to use the "wolf tactics" to siege Russian ships. However, the irony is that when this concept has not been realized, it has already been arrested by Russia.
In addition, among the Ukrainian personnel detained by the Russian army, another third-class captain named Lesothois admitted in the trial that their ships were loaded with small arms, machine guns and ammunition. In the course of their actions, they did not ignore the warnings of the Russian border ships, and later made provocative actions against the Russian warships as required.
From this, it can be said that in the chaotic warfare that occurred after the outbreak of the incident, Russia was the first to show evidence, and the testimony from Ukrainian soldiers directly refute the accusations that Ukraine, the United States and Europe took the lead in provoking Russia.
Of course, since these soldiers are still being detained in Russia, their future is likely to reverse in attitude after returning to China. Therefore, it is impossible for Ukraine and the West to apologize to Russia for this. For example, at the emergency meeting held by the United Nations, the United States directly attacked Russia as a shameless violation of Ukrainian territorial sovereignty. Moreover, at the time of the incident, the US military also dispatched a reconnaissance plane to fly into the Black Sea for patrol. And this is the Western statement.
The Russian response was also straightforward. The Crimean Chief Executive Akshonov stated that he was convinced that the Ukrainian provocation was standing behind the "Western master." The Russian parliament is even more directly saying that this is the United States preparing for the violation of Russia, because if the situation in the region is tense, the United States will have an excuse to carry out military deployment in Ukraine.
In addition, in the case of constant wars between the parties, it is also worth noting that Russian President Vladimir Putin had a telephone conversation with German Chancellor Angela Merkel.
Russian media said that Putin said on the phone that he hopes that Germany can have an impact on Ukraine to prevent it from taking rash actions. In this regard, foreign media analysis pointed out that in the case that NATO has clearly expressed its full support for Ukraine, this move by Germany means a lot, because this phone call can leave a step for further negotiations on the incident. . In the current US constant criticism of NATO, the interaction between Merkel and Putin may also increase the bargaining power in the future US-Europe game. Go back to Sohu and see more
乌克兰导弹艇狼群袭击俄军：乌军沮丧交代全部秘密
2018-11-28 17:38 美国 /军舰 /俄罗斯
11月25日，从乌克兰敖德萨出发的两艘炮艇及一艘拖船在强闯刻赤海峡时，被俄罗斯舰艇撞击开火后直接扣押，而这3艘乌克兰船只上的水手，也全部被俄罗斯并带回国内审问。26日，俄媒就公布了18名乌水手的完整名单及审讯视频。
在这些公开的新消息中，十分巧合的是，一位名叫马克里亚克的乌军中尉，还曾在之前提出过要用“狼群战术”对俄罗斯舰艇进行围攻。然而，讽刺的是，其这种构想还未切实实现时，就已经先被俄罗斯逮捕。
此外，在这些被俄军扣押的乌方人员中，另一个名叫莱索沃伊的三级船长还在审讯中承认，他们的船上装载有小型武器、机枪以及弹药。行动中他们也确实无视了俄边防舰艇的警告，且在之后也按要求对俄军舰做出了挑衅动作。
由此，可以说，在事件爆发后出现的混乱口水战中，俄罗斯算是率先亮出实证，用来自乌克兰士兵的证词直接驳斥了乌克兰、美国及欧洲等对俄率先发起挑衅的指控。
当然，由于这些士兵目前还被扣押在俄罗斯，其未来在回国后还很可能在态度上会出现反转。因此，乌克兰及西方也不可能就此向俄罗斯低头道歉。如在联合国召开的紧急会议上，美国就直接抨击俄罗斯的行为是对乌克兰领土主权的无耻侵犯。并且，在事件发生时，美军还紧急派遣了一架侦察机飞入黑海进行巡逻。而就西方的这种表态。
俄罗斯方面的回应同样直接，克里米亚行政长官阿克肖诺夫就表示：他确信，乌克兰的这一挑衅动作背后站着“西方主子”。俄议员更是直接称，这是美国在为侵犯俄罗斯做准备，因为若该地区局势紧张，美国便有借口在乌克兰进行军事部署。
另外，在各方口水战不断的情况下，还值得关注的一点就是，俄罗斯总统普京就该事件和德国总理默克尔进行了电话交谈。
俄媒称，普京在电话中表示，希望德国能对乌克兰产生影响，以防止其再采取轻率的行动。对此，有外媒分析就指出，在北约已明确表达要全力支持乌克兰的情况下，德国的这个举动就意味颇深，因为这通电话除能为双方就该事件的进一步谈判留下台阶外。在当前美国不断批评北约的情况下，默克尔和普京的互动或许也是在未来的美欧博弈增加筹码。返回搜狐，查看更多
Ukrainian missile boat wolves attacked the Russian army: the Ukrainian army frustrated to explain all the secrets
2018-11-28 17:38
United States
/
warship
/
Russia
On November 25th, two gunboats and a tugboat from Odessa, Ukraine, were directly seized by the Russian ship when they were forced to attack the Kerch Strait. The sailors on the three Ukrainian ships were all Russian. And brought back to the domestic interrogation. On the 26th, the Russian media announced the full list of 18 Ukrainian sailors and the trial video.
In these new public news, it is quite coincidental that a lieutenant named Macriac, who had previously proposed to use the "wolf tactics" to siege Russian ships. However, the irony is that when this concept has not been realized, it has already been arrested by Russia.
In addition, among the Ukrainian personnel detained by the Russian army, another third-class captain named Lesothois admitted in the trial that their ships were loaded with small arms, machine guns and ammunition. In the course of their actions, they did not ignore the warnings of the Russian border ships, and later made provocative actions against the Russian warships as required.
From this, it can be said that in the chaotic warfare that occurred after the outbreak of the incident, Russia was the first to show evidence, and the testimony from Ukrainian soldiers directly refute the accusations that Ukraine, the United States and Europe took the lead in provoking Russia.
Of course, since these soldiers are still being detained in Russia, their future is likely to reverse in attitude after returning to China. Therefore, it is impossible for Ukraine and the West to apologize to Russia for this. For example, at the emergency meeting held by the United Nations, the United States directly attacked Russia as a shameless violation of Ukrainian territorial sovereignty. Moreover, at the time of the incident, the US military also dispatched a reconnaissance plane to fly into the Black Sea for patrol. And this is the Western statement.
The Russian response was also straightforward. The Crimean Chief Executive Akshonov stated that he was convinced that the Ukrainian provocation was standing behind the "Western master." The Russian parliament is even more directly saying that this is the United States preparing for the violation of Russia, because if the situation in the region is tense, the United States will have an excuse to carry out military deployment in Ukraine.
In addition, in the case of constant wars between the parties, it is also worth noting that Russian President Vladimir Putin had a telephone conversation with German Chancellor Angela Merkel.
Russian media said that Putin said on the phone that he hopes that Germany can have an impact on Ukraine to prevent it from taking rash actions. In this regard, foreign media analysis pointed out that in the case that NATO has clearly expressed its full support for Ukraine, this move by Germany means a lot, because this phone call can leave a step for further negotiations on the incident. . In the current US constant criticism of NATO, the interaction between Merkel and Putin may also increase the bargaining power in the future US-Europe game. Go back to Sohu and see more
Ho Say Liao! UN Security Council REJECTED to handle the matter in UN. That means Putin can have it his way!
http://www.sohu.com/a/278008663_626685
武器先生
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1174
美国出手！安理会拒绝审议亚速海局势问题
2018-11-27 07:45 联合国 /俄罗斯 /中国
11月25日，三艘乌克兰海军船只试图通过刻赤海峡从黑海进入亚速海，随后被俄方扣留，其间有人员受伤。乌克兰总统波罗申科目前已经签署了总统令，启动为期60天的战时状态，更进一步激化了俄乌关系。为防止事态失控，俄罗斯要求召开联合国安理会成员紧急会议。
然而，结果却出乎俄罗斯的意料：联合国安理会拒绝审议俄罗斯提出的刻赤海峡局势问题。
俄罗斯提议联合国安理会审议刻赤海峡局势问题，美国常驻联合国代表黑莉在投票表决之前就已经表示反对。
黑莉表示，自己代表美国、荷兰、波兰、瑞典和英国反对审议俄罗斯提出的刻赤海峡局势升级问题。
黑莉还说：“我们坚决支持国际公认的乌克兰主权和领土、领海完整。该事件严重违反国际法，对此深表关注。美国和盟国准备在适当情况下讨论俄罗斯的挑衅行为。”
据联合国安理会11月轮值主席中国的代表指出，7个安理会理事国投票反对，4国赞成，4国弃权。因此，该问题纳入日程未能通过。
俄常驻联合国副代表德米特里∙波利扬斯基表示，俄罗斯对举行的投票表示遗憾。返回搜狐，查看更多
http://www.sohu.com/a/278290429_600524
第一军情
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7
不怕战争！几个细节再次证实，战斗民族的确硬气！
2018-11-28 11:16 军机 /俄罗斯 /导弹
第一军情作者：火火
俄罗斯一贯有战斗民族之称，对外政策非常强硬，而这次俄乌冲突的一些细节再次证明，俄罗斯不怕打仗，的确是个惹不起的主儿！
细节一：直接发射导弹！
乌克兰情报机构高官称，25日在刻赤海峡发生的冲突事件中，俄罗斯军机向乌克兰海军船舰发射导弹，导致其安全局一名人员严重受伤。俄罗斯其中一架攻击机向乌克兰船舰发射了两枚无制导的打击导弹。
从中可以看出，俄罗斯方面没有给对方任何反应的时间，直接按军舰入侵进行了处理，发射导弹攻击，怪不得乌克兰方面舰艇人员直接被抓，否则，可能就要被当场消灭了。
细节二：直接审判！
当地时间27日，位于克里米亚地区辛菲罗波尔的一家法庭判决，此前被扣留的一名乌克兰海军士兵将被拘留2个月。他被指控违反俄罗斯刑法第322条，“使用暴力威胁手段，有组织的非法越过边境”。
当外部局势持续紧张，乌克兰方面反应强烈，采取多种动作并要求放人时，俄罗斯压根未予理会，直接把人给判了。这是对第一个被扣留人员的审判，但显然不会是最后一个。无疑，非常强硬，无论是乌克兰还是西方国家可能的压力，没用，也不怕事大。
细节三：普京发出警告！
针对乌克兰实施战时状态的做法，俄总统普京27日警告基辅不要采取“莽撞行动”。
这是普京就此事的首次公开表态，依然非常强硬，压根没有要缓和局势，或者做出让步的意思。而且，似乎有意敲打乌克兰，俄罗斯还会做出进一步反应。
细节四：边境增兵。
波罗申科27日在电视讲话中说：“在我国接壤俄罗斯边境的俄军坦克数量足足多了三倍。部署在边境的部队数量也急增。有关行动显示，乌克兰正面临与俄罗斯爆发全面战争的威胁。”
这个消息源自乌克兰情报部门，应该是准确无误的，俄罗斯的增兵动作，一方面是对乌克兰战时状态的回应，一方面是随时准备应对可能的突发事件。毕竟，面对西方的全面孤立，俄罗斯不得不做好最坏打算，这再次证实，俄罗斯不怕事大。
现在，就具体形势而言，马上召开的G20峰会，是一个比较好的机会，有利于俄罗斯方面对这一事件进行政治解决，但能否与乌克兰背后的西方国家达成谅解，还有待观察。此外，欧洲方面正准备研究进一步制裁俄罗斯的措施，这势必会损害到刚刚有所缓和的俄欧关系，对俄罗斯的外交格局来说，会产生重大影响。事情显然不容乐观，俄罗斯不允许乌克兰过于靠近西方，这俨然已成为一个红线，为此，俄罗斯有点不惜代价的势头。
曾经都是前苏联加盟国，关系几乎亲如兄弟的俄乌关系，能走到今天这一步，无论如何，对于俄罗斯而言都是有点悲凉的，而这背后的一切，无疑都是西方造成的。或许，俄罗斯要奋起反击了，为了自己的利益和荣誉，不惜一战！
声明：已发现多家媒体未经授权转发第一军情文章。为尊重原创，转载请标明出处。微信公众号转载请联系管理员开白名单。敬请配合！返回搜狐，查看更多
声明：该文观点仅代表作者本人，搜狐号系信息发布平台，搜狐仅提供信息存储空间服务。
Ho Say Liao! UN Security Council REJECTED to handle the matter in UN. That means Putin can have it his way!
Http://www.sohu.com/a/278008663_626685
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The United States shot! The Security Council refused to consider the situation in the Azov Sea
2018-11-27 07:45 UN / Russia / China
On November 25, three Ukrainian naval vessels attempted to enter the Azov Sea from the Black Sea through the Kerch Strait, and were subsequently detained by the Russians, in which personnel were injured. Ukrainian President Poroshenko has signed a presidential decree and launched a 60-day wartime state, further intensifying Russia-Ukraine relations. To prevent the situation from getting out of control, Russia called for an emergency meeting of UN Security Council members.
However, the result is contrary to Russia’s expectations: the UN Security Council refused to consider the issue of the situation in the Kerch Strait proposed by Russia.
Russia proposed that the UN Security Council consider the situation in the Straits Strait. The US Permanent Representative to the United Nations, He Li, had already expressed his opposition before voting.
Heili said that on behalf of the United States, the Netherlands, Poland, Sweden and the United Kingdom, he opposed the consideration of the escalation of the situation in the Straits Strait proposed by Russia.
Heli also said: "We strongly support the internationally recognized Ukrainian sovereignty and territorial and territorial integrity. This incident is a serious violation of international law and is deeply concerned. The United States and its allies are prepared to discuss Russia's provocative acts in appropriate circumstances."
According to the representative of China, the rotating chairman of the UN Security Council in November, seven members of the Security Council voted against it, four countries agreed, and four countries abstained. Therefore, the issue was not included in the agenda.
Russian Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Dmitri Polyanski, said that Russia regretted the vote. Go back to Sohu and see more
Http://www.sohu.com/a/278290429_600524
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Not afraid of war! Several details have once again confirmed that the fighting nation is indeed hard!
2018-11-28 11:16 Military Aircraft / Russia / Missile
The first of the military: Fire Fire
Russia has always been known as a fighting nation, and its foreign policy is very tough. The details of this Russian-Uzbek conflict have once again proved that Russia is not afraid of war, and it is indeed an irresistible master!
Details 1: Directly launch missiles!
A senior Ukrainian intelligence agency said that in the clashes in the Kerch Strait on the 25th, Russian military aircraft fired missiles at Ukrainian naval ships, causing a serious injury to a member of the Security Bureau. One of the Russian attack aircraft fired two unguided missiles into the Ukrainian ship.
It can be seen from the above that the Russian side did not give any reaction to the other party. It was directly dealt with by the invasion of the warships. It was no longer necessary to attack the Ukrainian ship personnel. Otherwise, it may have to be eliminated on the spot.
Detail 2: Direct trial!
On the 27th, local time, a court in Simferopol, Crimea, ruled that a Ukrainian navy soldier who had been detained would be detained for two months. He was accused of violating Article 322 of the Russian Criminal Code, “using the threat of violence and organized illegal crossing of the border”.
When the external situation continued to be tense, the Ukrainian side reacted strongly, and when a variety of actions were taken and demanded to be released, Russia did not pay attention to it and directly sentenced people. This is the first trial of the detained, but obviously not the last one. Undoubtedly, it is very tough, whether it is the pressure of Ukraine or the West, it is useless, and it is not afraid of big things.
Detail 3: Putin issued a warning!
In response to Ukraine’s practice of wartime status, Russian President Vladimir Putin warned on the 27th that Kiev should not take "crash action."
This is Putin’s first public statement on this matter. It is still very tough, and there is no need to ease the situation or make concessions. Moreover, it seems that it is intended to beat Ukraine, and Russia will make further reactions.
Detail 4: Increase the number of troops at the border.
Poroshenko said in a televised speech on the 27th: "The number of Russian tanks on the border with Russia is three times more. The number of troops deployed at the border has also increased sharply. The action shows that Ukraine is facing a full-scale war with Russia. Threat."
This news originated from the Ukrainian intelligence department and should be accurate. Russia’s increase in troops is on the one hand a response to the Ukrainian wartime state, and on the other hand it is ready to respond to possible emergencies. After all, in the face of the full isolation of the West, Russia has to make the worst plans, which once again confirms that Russia is not afraid of big things.
Now, as far as the specific situation is concerned, the G20 summit immediately held is a good opportunity for the Russian side to resolve the incident politically, but it remains to be seen whether it can reach an understanding with the Western countries behind Ukraine. In addition, the European side is preparing to study measures to further sanction Russia, which will inevitably damage the Russia-Europe relationship that has just eased, and will have a major impact on Russia's diplomatic structure. Things are obviously not optimistic. Russia does not allow Ukraine to be too close to the West. This has become a red line. For this reason, Russia has a bit of a price.
It used to be a member of the former Soviet Union. The relationship between Russia and Ukraine, which is almost as close as a brother, can go to this step today. In any case, it is a bit sad for Russia, and everything behind it is undoubtedly caused by the West. . Perhaps, Russia must fight back, for the sake of its own interests and honors, do not hesitate to fight!
Disclaimer: A number of media have been found to forward the first military article without authorization. To respect the original, please indicate the source. Please contact the administrator to open the white list. Please cooperate! Go back to Sohu and see more
Disclaimer: This article only represents the author himself, Sohu is the information publishing platform, and Sohu only provides information storage space services.
http://www.sohu.com/a/278008663_626685
武器先生
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美国出手！安理会拒绝审议亚速海局势问题
2018-11-27 07:45 联合国 /俄罗斯 /中国
11月25日，三艘乌克兰海军船只试图通过刻赤海峡从黑海进入亚速海，随后被俄方扣留，其间有人员受伤。乌克兰总统波罗申科目前已经签署了总统令，启动为期60天的战时状态，更进一步激化了俄乌关系。为防止事态失控，俄罗斯要求召开联合国安理会成员紧急会议。
然而，结果却出乎俄罗斯的意料：联合国安理会拒绝审议俄罗斯提出的刻赤海峡局势问题。
俄罗斯提议联合国安理会审议刻赤海峡局势问题，美国常驻联合国代表黑莉在投票表决之前就已经表示反对。
黑莉表示，自己代表美国、荷兰、波兰、瑞典和英国反对审议俄罗斯提出的刻赤海峡局势升级问题。
黑莉还说：“我们坚决支持国际公认的乌克兰主权和领土、领海完整。该事件严重违反国际法，对此深表关注。美国和盟国准备在适当情况下讨论俄罗斯的挑衅行为。”
据联合国安理会11月轮值主席中国的代表指出，7个安理会理事国投票反对，4国赞成，4国弃权。因此，该问题纳入日程未能通过。
俄常驻联合国副代表德米特里∙波利扬斯基表示，俄罗斯对举行的投票表示遗憾。返回搜狐，查看更多
http://www.sohu.com/a/278290429_600524
第一军情
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不怕战争！几个细节再次证实，战斗民族的确硬气！
2018-11-28 11:16 军机 /俄罗斯 /导弹
第一军情作者：火火
俄罗斯一贯有战斗民族之称，对外政策非常强硬，而这次俄乌冲突的一些细节再次证明，俄罗斯不怕打仗，的确是个惹不起的主儿！
细节一：直接发射导弹！
乌克兰情报机构高官称，25日在刻赤海峡发生的冲突事件中，俄罗斯军机向乌克兰海军船舰发射导弹，导致其安全局一名人员严重受伤。俄罗斯其中一架攻击机向乌克兰船舰发射了两枚无制导的打击导弹。
从中可以看出，俄罗斯方面没有给对方任何反应的时间，直接按军舰入侵进行了处理，发射导弹攻击，怪不得乌克兰方面舰艇人员直接被抓，否则，可能就要被当场消灭了。
细节二：直接审判！
当地时间27日，位于克里米亚地区辛菲罗波尔的一家法庭判决，此前被扣留的一名乌克兰海军士兵将被拘留2个月。他被指控违反俄罗斯刑法第322条，“使用暴力威胁手段，有组织的非法越过边境”。
当外部局势持续紧张，乌克兰方面反应强烈，采取多种动作并要求放人时，俄罗斯压根未予理会，直接把人给判了。这是对第一个被扣留人员的审判，但显然不会是最后一个。无疑，非常强硬，无论是乌克兰还是西方国家可能的压力，没用，也不怕事大。
细节三：普京发出警告！
针对乌克兰实施战时状态的做法，俄总统普京27日警告基辅不要采取“莽撞行动”。
这是普京就此事的首次公开表态，依然非常强硬，压根没有要缓和局势，或者做出让步的意思。而且，似乎有意敲打乌克兰，俄罗斯还会做出进一步反应。
细节四：边境增兵。
波罗申科27日在电视讲话中说：“在我国接壤俄罗斯边境的俄军坦克数量足足多了三倍。部署在边境的部队数量也急增。有关行动显示，乌克兰正面临与俄罗斯爆发全面战争的威胁。”
这个消息源自乌克兰情报部门，应该是准确无误的，俄罗斯的增兵动作，一方面是对乌克兰战时状态的回应，一方面是随时准备应对可能的突发事件。毕竟，面对西方的全面孤立，俄罗斯不得不做好最坏打算，这再次证实，俄罗斯不怕事大。
现在，就具体形势而言，马上召开的G20峰会，是一个比较好的机会，有利于俄罗斯方面对这一事件进行政治解决，但能否与乌克兰背后的西方国家达成谅解，还有待观察。此外，欧洲方面正准备研究进一步制裁俄罗斯的措施，这势必会损害到刚刚有所缓和的俄欧关系，对俄罗斯的外交格局来说，会产生重大影响。事情显然不容乐观，俄罗斯不允许乌克兰过于靠近西方，这俨然已成为一个红线，为此，俄罗斯有点不惜代价的势头。
曾经都是前苏联加盟国，关系几乎亲如兄弟的俄乌关系，能走到今天这一步，无论如何，对于俄罗斯而言都是有点悲凉的，而这背后的一切，无疑都是西方造成的。或许，俄罗斯要奋起反击了，为了自己的利益和荣誉，不惜一战！
声明：已发现多家媒体未经授权转发第一军情文章。为尊重原创，转载请标明出处。微信公众号转载请联系管理员开白名单。敬请配合！返回搜狐，查看更多
声明：该文观点仅代表作者本人，搜狐号系信息发布平台，搜狐仅提供信息存储空间服务。
Ho Say Liao! UN Security Council REJECTED to handle the matter in UN. That means Putin can have it his way!
Http://www.sohu.com/a/278008663_626685
Mr. Weapon
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The United States shot! The Security Council refused to consider the situation in the Azov Sea
2018-11-27 07:45 UN / Russia / China
On November 25, three Ukrainian naval vessels attempted to enter the Azov Sea from the Black Sea through the Kerch Strait, and were subsequently detained by the Russians, in which personnel were injured. Ukrainian President Poroshenko has signed a presidential decree and launched a 60-day wartime state, further intensifying Russia-Ukraine relations. To prevent the situation from getting out of control, Russia called for an emergency meeting of UN Security Council members.
However, the result is contrary to Russia’s expectations: the UN Security Council refused to consider the issue of the situation in the Kerch Strait proposed by Russia.
Russia proposed that the UN Security Council consider the situation in the Straits Strait. The US Permanent Representative to the United Nations, He Li, had already expressed his opposition before voting.
Heili said that on behalf of the United States, the Netherlands, Poland, Sweden and the United Kingdom, he opposed the consideration of the escalation of the situation in the Straits Strait proposed by Russia.
Heli also said: "We strongly support the internationally recognized Ukrainian sovereignty and territorial and territorial integrity. This incident is a serious violation of international law and is deeply concerned. The United States and its allies are prepared to discuss Russia's provocative acts in appropriate circumstances."
According to the representative of China, the rotating chairman of the UN Security Council in November, seven members of the Security Council voted against it, four countries agreed, and four countries abstained. Therefore, the issue was not included in the agenda.
Russian Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Dmitri Polyanski, said that Russia regretted the vote. Go back to Sohu and see more
Http://www.sohu.com/a/278290429_600524
First military situation
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Not afraid of war! Several details have once again confirmed that the fighting nation is indeed hard!
2018-11-28 11:16 Military Aircraft / Russia / Missile
The first of the military: Fire Fire
Russia has always been known as a fighting nation, and its foreign policy is very tough. The details of this Russian-Uzbek conflict have once again proved that Russia is not afraid of war, and it is indeed an irresistible master!
Details 1: Directly launch missiles!
A senior Ukrainian intelligence agency said that in the clashes in the Kerch Strait on the 25th, Russian military aircraft fired missiles at Ukrainian naval ships, causing a serious injury to a member of the Security Bureau. One of the Russian attack aircraft fired two unguided missiles into the Ukrainian ship.
It can be seen from the above that the Russian side did not give any reaction to the other party. It was directly dealt with by the invasion of the warships. It was no longer necessary to attack the Ukrainian ship personnel. Otherwise, it may have to be eliminated on the spot.
Detail 2: Direct trial!
On the 27th, local time, a court in Simferopol, Crimea, ruled that a Ukrainian navy soldier who had been detained would be detained for two months. He was accused of violating Article 322 of the Russian Criminal Code, “using the threat of violence and organized illegal crossing of the border”.
When the external situation continued to be tense, the Ukrainian side reacted strongly, and when a variety of actions were taken and demanded to be released, Russia did not pay attention to it and directly sentenced people. This is the first trial of the detained, but obviously not the last one. Undoubtedly, it is very tough, whether it is the pressure of Ukraine or the West, it is useless, and it is not afraid of big things.
Detail 3: Putin issued a warning!
In response to Ukraine’s practice of wartime status, Russian President Vladimir Putin warned on the 27th that Kiev should not take "crash action."
This is Putin’s first public statement on this matter. It is still very tough, and there is no need to ease the situation or make concessions. Moreover, it seems that it is intended to beat Ukraine, and Russia will make further reactions.
Detail 4: Increase the number of troops at the border.
Poroshenko said in a televised speech on the 27th: "The number of Russian tanks on the border with Russia is three times more. The number of troops deployed at the border has also increased sharply. The action shows that Ukraine is facing a full-scale war with Russia. Threat."
This news originated from the Ukrainian intelligence department and should be accurate. Russia’s increase in troops is on the one hand a response to the Ukrainian wartime state, and on the other hand it is ready to respond to possible emergencies. After all, in the face of the full isolation of the West, Russia has to make the worst plans, which once again confirms that Russia is not afraid of big things.
Now, as far as the specific situation is concerned, the G20 summit immediately held is a good opportunity for the Russian side to resolve the incident politically, but it remains to be seen whether it can reach an understanding with the Western countries behind Ukraine. In addition, the European side is preparing to study measures to further sanction Russia, which will inevitably damage the Russia-Europe relationship that has just eased, and will have a major impact on Russia's diplomatic structure. Things are obviously not optimistic. Russia does not allow Ukraine to be too close to the West. This has become a red line. For this reason, Russia has a bit of a price.
It used to be a member of the former Soviet Union. The relationship between Russia and Ukraine, which is almost as close as a brother, can go to this step today. In any case, it is a bit sad for Russia, and everything behind it is undoubtedly caused by the West. . Perhaps, Russia must fight back, for the sake of its own interests and honors, do not hesitate to fight!
Disclaimer: A number of media have been found to forward the first military article without authorization. To respect the original, please indicate the source. Please contact the administrator to open the white list. Please cooperate! Go back to Sohu and see more
Disclaimer: This article only represents the author himself, Sohu is the information publishing platform, and Sohu only provides information storage space services.
This is one good reason why we should replace causeway with a bridge.so that small local ships can sail underneath. If putin had built a causeway. No ships can sail to mariupol in ukrsine.
AI robots must be setup to automatically sink US ships as predictable as Answering Machines and as straightforward as Micro Wave Ovans.
No questions asked. Missiles stops firing only after satellites see no more US ships.
https://www.rt.com/russia/445245-new-rules-russia-arctic/
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You shall not pass: Russia changes rules for foreign warships navigating through its Arctic
Published time: 30 Nov, 2018 14:21
FILE PHOTO. A Russian Navy flag and a warship preparing for navigation through the Northern Sea Route. ©Sputnik / Vitaly Ankov
The route, situated in the Arctic along Russia’s northern coast, is becoming more accessible to sea traffic as the climate warms. With longer navigation seasons and fewer ice hazards, Russia hopes the path will be increasingly in demand for international commercial transit. Such navigation however more often than not requires Russia’s cooperation, since an icebreaker usually is needed to pass through.
There is however a potential source of problems with Russia’s northern side becoming more accessible. Foreign military ships may travel it too, even those lacking ice protection, as was proven by the Loire-class offshore support and assistance ship of the French Navy Rhône in October. It took the ship 17 days to traverse the route and she didn’t ask for Russian icebreaker assistance for it.
View image on Twitter
France 3 Bretagne
✔@france3Bretagne
https://twitter.com/france3Bretagne/status/1047031782946816001
Arctique: le passage Nord-Est franchi pour la première fois par la Marine. C'est le Rhône, Bâtiment de soutien et d'assistance hauturier (BSAH), basé à Brest, qui a franchi le détroit de Bering mi-septembre.https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/bretagne/finistere/brest/arctique-passage-nord-est-franchi-premiere-fois-marine-1551014.html …
4
3:53 PM - Oct 2, 2018
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Starting next year, Russia will require military ships traveling through Russian Arctic to give prior notification to the Defense Ministry, according to Gen. Mikhail Mizintsev, the head of the National Defense Management Center. He said amendments to the rules of navigation will be adopted before next year’s Arctic navigation season starts, RIA Novosti reported.
The Northern Sea Route requires going through Russian territorial waters, giving it the authority to set rules for passing ships.
Technically, international laws of the sea allow warships the right of innocent passage through foreign territorial waters under certain conditions. The right however may become tricky to put into practice, as evidenced by the famous 1988 bumping incident in the Black Sea, which involved a Soviet and a US military ship, or the latest flare-up between Russia and Ukraine in the Kerch Strait.
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No questions asked. Missiles stops firing only after satellites see no more US ships.
https://www.rt.com/russia/445245-new-rules-russia-arctic/
Keep up with the news by installing RT’s extension for Chrome. Never miss a story with this clean and simple app that delivers the latest headlines to you.
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HomeRussia
You shall not pass: Russia changes rules for foreign warships navigating through its Arctic
Published time: 30 Nov, 2018 14:21
FILE PHOTO. A Russian Navy flag and a warship preparing for navigation through the Northern Sea Route. ©Sputnik / Vitaly Ankov
- 1008
The route, situated in the Arctic along Russia’s northern coast, is becoming more accessible to sea traffic as the climate warms. With longer navigation seasons and fewer ice hazards, Russia hopes the path will be increasingly in demand for international commercial transit. Such navigation however more often than not requires Russia’s cooperation, since an icebreaker usually is needed to pass through.
There is however a potential source of problems with Russia’s northern side becoming more accessible. Foreign military ships may travel it too, even those lacking ice protection, as was proven by the Loire-class offshore support and assistance ship of the French Navy Rhône in October. It took the ship 17 days to traverse the route and she didn’t ask for Russian icebreaker assistance for it.
View image on Twitter
France 3 Bretagne
✔@france3Bretagne
https://twitter.com/france3Bretagne/status/1047031782946816001
Arctique: le passage Nord-Est franchi pour la première fois par la Marine. C'est le Rhône, Bâtiment de soutien et d'assistance hauturier (BSAH), basé à Brest, qui a franchi le détroit de Bering mi-septembre.https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/bretagne/finistere/brest/arctique-passage-nord-est-franchi-premiere-fois-marine-1551014.html …
4
3:53 PM - Oct 2, 2018
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Starting next year, Russia will require military ships traveling through Russian Arctic to give prior notification to the Defense Ministry, according to Gen. Mikhail Mizintsev, the head of the National Defense Management Center. He said amendments to the rules of navigation will be adopted before next year’s Arctic navigation season starts, RIA Novosti reported.
The Northern Sea Route requires going through Russian territorial waters, giving it the authority to set rules for passing ships.
Technically, international laws of the sea allow warships the right of innocent passage through foreign territorial waters under certain conditions. The right however may become tricky to put into practice, as evidenced by the famous 1988 bumping incident in the Black Sea, which involved a Soviet and a US military ship, or the latest flare-up between Russia and Ukraine in the Kerch Strait.
Like this story? Share it with a friend!
Hello! Scs belongs to malays. China get out.
Got nuke can consider, but sorry Najib ate your nuke.
dongfeng now upgraded to dingfeng !!!!!!!!!!
My finger hit key which is next to [O] key.
Luckily I am not the missile operator. If not would had whacked wrong target. This sort of accident already happened in Taiwan. The missile hit a tiny Taiwanese fishing boat killed the captain. But the boat did not even sink. The warhead not detonated! It whacked the boat shot-through boat and dropped into sea afew kilometers after that.
Ракета X-47M2 «Кинжал»
Russian god father tell you about Putin's MACH10 nuke that kill Dotard's aircraft carriers. Putin's substitute to Xi's DF-21D.
Russian god father tell you about Putin's MACH10 nuke that kill Dotard's aircraft carriers. Putin's substitute to Xi's DF-21D.
I wonder how come it's not called the Malay Sea or something similar?
It belongs to Sea-Jin-Ping his name said so.
https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2588.html
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Defeat, Not Merely Compete
China's View of Its Military Aerospace Goals and Requirements in Relation to the United States
by Scott W. Harold
Format File Size Notes PDF file 0.7 MB
Technical Details »
Research Questions
Key Findings
PLA's goal is to defeat, not merely compete
The research reported here was commissioned by the U.S. Air Force (USAF) and conducted by the Strategy and Doctrine Program within RAND Project AIR FORCE.
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https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/china/2018-12-03/doc-ihprknvs7289722.shtml
美智库从六大方面对比中美空军：中国目标是战则必胜
美智库从六大方面对比中美空军：中国目标是战则必胜
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红光万丈腾天半：中美俄激光武器真实水平到底有多高1/23
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2018年7月20日，俄罗斯军方发布了新型“佩列斯韦特”车载激光武器的最新画面。这款曾在今年3月1日俄总统普京国情咨文中被曝光的“超级武器”又再次全面曝光，其是由两台大型拖车上的一体化激光发射装置和多个指挥/支援车辆组成。在部署时，一体化发射装置会展开并暴露出类似于大炮的装置，该装置可能是激光系统的发射装置。据悉，俄罗斯军队还将在“佩列斯韦特”车载激光武器的基础上建立专门的激光反导营。作为世界首个成建制激光反导部队，我们看到的是俄罗斯急于创建激光反导营，而作为世界另一个激光研制的大国，中国是否应该全面跟进，创建激光部队？本期出鞘关注俄罗斯创建激光反导营。（查看完整内容搜索微信公众号：sinamilnews）
原标题：晨枫：兰德报告说“中国的目标是战则必胜”，有什么问题吗？
[文/观察者网专栏作者 晨枫]兰德公司是美国最重要的战略咨询机构之一，于1948年由美国空间建立。最近，该机构推出名为《战胜，而不只是竞争—中国在军事空天方面对美斗争的目标与要求》（Defeat， Not Merely Compete： China’s View of Its Military Aerospace Goals and Requirements in Relation to the United States）的报告，指出中国不仅在军事空天方面学习和追赶美国，还通过高新技术弯道超车，目标是战则必胜。
美国空军不仅包括陆基空中力量，还包括陆基洲际弹道导弹和军事航天力量，对应于中国的空军、火箭军和战略支援部队，但又不完全对应。中国空军包括空降兵，这在美国属于美国陆军。火箭军不仅包括洲际导弹，也包括战役战术弹道导弹和巡航导弹，后两者在《中导协议》（简称INF）之前也属于美国陆军。战支则不仅运作中国的军用卫星，还负责网络战、信息战，如果说前一点与美国空军为主空间司令部相当的话，后一点就不同了，美国把网络战、信息战能力分散在三军中，只在战区联合司令部层面整合。兰德报告涵盖中国空军、火箭军和战支。
近几年来美国人总是在媒体上说中国“偷窃”美国科技，并且热衷于拿歼-20和F-22、F-35比，然后说是中国“偷窃”他们的成果……
然而，这次兰德的报告就像是这组照片，终于想通其实“最大美粉”只是调侃罢了，歼-20不是F-22，而解放军也不是美军……
“最大美粉”学的到底像不像？
中国在二战前就建立了初步的空中力量，但真正建立空军是在抗美援朝的烽火中。由于历史条件限制，中国空军的使命长期局限于防空掩护。从90年代开始，中国空军开始强调“空天一体、攻防兼备”，空军的作用从陆军的掩护兵力转向独立的战略战役方向，形成战略空军的理念。在这个过程中，学习外国先进经验是自然的，也是必要的。
中国空军的第一个老师是苏联，苏联空军条令和组织的影响至今还存在。但美国空军是战后世界上最强大的，技术最先进，使用经验最多，作用也最大。中国空军向美国空军学习，在一定程度上越来越“美国化”，这也是自然的，必要的。中国从来不排斥吸收外国先进经验，中国经济的改革开放在很大程度上就是学习外国先进科技和管理的过程。
不过兰德报告也正确地指出：中国空军并不是盲目地学习美国空军，全盘照搬，而是结合具体国情，有重点、有针对性地取舍。兰德报告分六方面评估中国空军与美国空军的相似度：
一、空优战斗机
兰德报告认为，新一代中国战斗机从设计要求到具体性能都在高逼真度效法美国，具体例子是歼-20和歼-31，分别与F-22和F-35相对应。作为从防空起家的中国空军，空优战斗机放在第一重点并不意外，但使用的类比有点不当。歼-20与F-22类比是可以的，但歼-31与F-35的定位就不同，前者是空优为主，后者是空地为主，导致完全不同的设计，只是貌似而已。兰德也会犯“以貌取人”的错误。但说到中国空军在空优战斗机方面向美国空军看齐，这还是不错的。
最近俄军“红星电视台”专门出了个专题片，大吹苏-57，顺便不忘了贬低一番中美的五代机
如果不是当初塔斯社自己承认这玩意的雷达反射截面积是0.4米²，搞不好还真有人相信了呢……
二、C2ISR
C2ISR的全称是Command，Control，Intelligence，Surveillence，Reconnaissance，意为指挥-控制-情报-监视-侦察，一般包括预警机、侦察机、巡逻机、电子情报飞机、战场监视飞机等。美国空军高度重视情报-指挥-打击链，有的放矢，而不是简单粗暴，这在火力经常过剩而情报永远不足的现在尤其重要。在这一点上，中国也在向美国看齐。尤其值得注意的是，中国不仅在预警机上狠下功夫，还在大型、远程、长航时无人机方面急起直追。缺乏大型平台曾经限制了中国预警机的发展，但随着主动电扫雷达和小型化、网络化的发展，这个问题在一定程度上可以通过较小但联网的平台来弥补，这也符合战场生存力的要求。
安装先进雷达的长航时无人机在网络战环境下可以与大型预警机发挥互补作用，图为沈飞研制的“神雕”无人机
中电科集团也在积极将相关技术转移到更小型的无人机上，JU-300无人预警机可以说就像是降档外贸版“神雕”
三、空中加油
中国空军在这方面正在努力向美国空军看齐，最显著的迹象就是所有新一代主要中国军机都有空中加油能力。兰德报告在这一点上大方向正确。中国受制于缺乏大型平台，对发展空中加油长期有心无力。但刚刚列装的运-20已经有加油型现身于阎良试飞中心，充分显示了中国对加油机的重视和未来的起点。加油机使得作战飞机可以超量带弹但减油起飞，然后通过空中加油以恢复航程。加油机不仅增加作战飞机的航程，还增加留空时间。在远离基地的情况下，在战区具有两倍的留空时间可以相当于有多于两倍数量的战斗机可供投入战斗。对于存在就是胜利的准战争状态而言，增加目标空域的留空时间更加重要。这一点从美国空军近几十年的作战使用中充分体现出来，中国空军看在眼里，记在心里。
四、训练和演习
兰德报告认为，中国空军正在两方面在取得进展，但离美国空军还有差距。一是联合作战，二是无预案演习。长期以来，中国的空军和陆海军分属不同指挥体系，战役级联合作战演习尚且需要临时搭建联合指挥部，战术级联合作战更是无从谈起。军改的“军种主建、战区主战”正在从体制上突出联合作战，空海军主官也进入了军委最高层，但在基层部队级的训练中，还需要加强联合作战的思维和技能。在实战演习方面，无预案演习正在成为常态，但在难度（各种气象、昼夜、远程、海上）、逼真度（空中、防空、电磁对抗）和鼓励飞行员自主灵活决断方面还可以继续改进。
中国仿照美国“红旗”演习的经验，组织的“红剑”军演让解放军受益良多
如果说两者的主要差距，或许就是目前我军还没有让友好国家空军参加，图为参加“红旗”军演的澳大利亚空军F-18战斗机
五、轰炸机和战略战役打击
在轰炸机方面，中国空军与美国空军没有多少相似度，战役战略打击更主要地依靠各种弹道导弹和巡航导弹，而不是美国空军那样，主要依靠轰炸机。不过在利用轰炸机显示存在和传递政治信息方面，中国空军似乎有模仿美国的迹象，各种日本列岛海峡的穿越飞行和台湾绕岛飞行就是例证。在这方面，兰德报告并没有错，但可能错失了一点：中国空军并非不重视轰炸机，只是尚且没有合适的重轰炸机，现有最先进的轰-6K也只能算加强版的中程轰炸机。各种迹象表明，轰-20并不只是传说，这将极大到改变中国空军，也肯定要激发西方对中国空中力量的重新认识和评价。
在轰炸机方面，轰-6K是我国第一种具备较大航程的战略轰炸机，目前尚在起步阶段的解放军轰炸机现在当然还没办法和纵横江湖几十年的美国空军比了
但是别着急……一切都会有的
六、空中火力支援
兰德报告认为，这方面中国与美国基本上没有相似之处，中国空军根本不重视空中火力支援。这可能是误解。中国空军是重视空中火力支援的，还在歼-6时代，就克服困难，自主研制了强-5。在军队为国民经济建设让路的最困难的80年代，还研制了歼轰-7。但由于国力和技术限制，中国陆军已经“习惯于”在缺乏空中火力支援的条件下作战，并富有创意地发展了远程炮兵和火箭炮，作为主要的战术和战役火力。
但这不等于中国空军缺席了。在最新的空军宣传图片中，空优为主的歼-20和空地兼优的歼-16、歼-10C三机编队，充分展示了中国空军真正向攻防兼备转型的现状和决心。其实美国空军作为飞行炮兵为连排级作战提供战术火力也是二战后的事情。中国空军或许不会这么极端，但空中战争的胜利最终体现在地上，这个道理还是明白的。中国空军的空中火力支援能力将与陆军远程打击能力相结合，形成全新的和比单纯依赖空中火力支援更加高效的战场火力支援体系。
CAS任务其实现在对美军也是极大的负担，美国空军一直想尽快将A-10攻击机退役
冷战时期其实我国也非常重视近距离对地支援，毕竟当时强-5也就能干这个……
随着技术的发展，我军越来越多把注意力放在精确打击敌方纵深的重要目标上，图为携带空地-88导弹的歼轰-7A
创新是中国对美国最大的“威胁”
兰德报告认为，向美国空军学习是中国空军战斗力迅速提高的一大源泉。但如果说中国空军正在努力摆脱苏联影响而转向“美国化”，这可以算是某种程度的仿效美国，那在封锁中诞生和发展的二炮就指出中国空天实力的第二个源泉：创新。火箭军和战支是二炮在今天的传承。
二炮是作为中国的战略反击力量诞生的，但从90年代开始，二炮就转向核常兼备，在空海军受到技术、装备和经验限制的情况下，担当部分在传统上由空海军承担的任务。这首先体现在300公里以上射程的常规弹头弹道导弹，现在已经扩展到2500公里以上，这是中国的首创。中国大量装备和部署的战役级常规弹头弹道导弹精度高，威力大，反应快，难以拦截，而且弹药种类和射程齐全，与巡航导弹相在一起，使得美国优势的常规军力面临如重装骑士对战弓弩手一样的尴尬决面。
中世纪，使用弩的平民士兵可以轻易杀死重装骑士
中国自己有了“弩”还不算，还积极对外出售这种武器，这让美军的“骑士老爷”非常不爽……
中国也创造性地把弹道导弹用于反舰攻击，射程1500公里的东风-21D在根本上改变了美国航母在第一岛链以内的运作方式，射程2500公里的东风-26进一步扩大了反介入/拒止半径。中国还建立了配套而且有效的空天ISR体系，形成了世界上独有的反舰弹道导弹打击体系。如果说东风系列还是战略性、前沿性的，最近的珠海航展则展现了中国反舰弹道导弹技术已经高度成熟，并在向战术级延申。
中国在高超音速方面的领先进一步体现了中国在军事科技方面的创新能力。事实上，具有高度机动性的反舰弹道导弹就可看作高超音速武器的初级形式。这是空天科技的新边疆，在可预见的将来缺乏有效的拦截手段，而在使用上具有比弹道导弹更大的灵活性和精确性。与中国已经高度成熟并且系列完整的弹道导弹技术相结合，中国正在形成全新的高超音速精确打击能力。有理由相信，与战役战术弹道导弹、舰载反舰弹道导弹相结合的高超音速武器将开创战争的新时代。
从DF-21D导弹首次展示击沉大型水面目标能力后，中国周边2000公里对于美国海军而言，就已经成了危险区
与此同时，中国也在打造由航母、先进战斗机、远程防空导弹为核心的常规战斗力。中国这样以导弹为中心的创新的远程打击体系与先进的常规战斗力相结合，非对称与对称相结合，既着眼于长远，又尽快形成威慑力和战斗力。这是比单纯依靠创新和弯道超车或者单纯依靠追赶更稳定、更平衡、更锐利的发展战略，在根本上打乱了西太平洋的常规军力对比。在大国竞争的设定下，威慑力有时比战斗力更加重要。
此外，中国在量子通信、量子雷达、有人-无人航空反潜等方面也展现了出乎美国意料的创新能力。中国的国防规划、财政支持和军工科研体系也比美国更加高效、敏捷、持之以恒、首尾一致，使得中国军工从理念到产品的流程大大快于美国，巨无霸的制造业基础则确保了低成本。总装和军兵种装备部的组建，更是完成了中国军工从“先解决有无问题”的技术引导向“谋打赢”的需求引导的转型。
除了军事技术，中国在军队组织上也在创新。二炮是受苏联战略火箭军的影响而组建的，但今天的火箭军整合了从战略到战役战术的弹道导弹和巡航导弹力量，作战范围和性质已经极大超过了苏联战略火箭军。而且俄罗斯已经撤编战略火箭军，洲际导弹像美国空军一样划归空天军。至于美国，美国空军负责洲际导弹，美国陆军负责战役战术弹道导弹和陆基巡航导弹（如果美国退出INF并重新组建的话）。
中国的火箭军本身具备作为一个军种所需的从战术侦察到打击的完整作战体系，这已经远超越了苏联当年的战略火箭军
中国火箭军的模式是独特的，也比美国模式更加合理有效。洲际导弹部队在美国空军内部属于异类，在飞行员当道的空军内部晋升渠道狭窄。前几年的透露报告称，这是导致洲际导弹部队士气低落、纪律松懈和战备率低下的部分原因。战役战术弹道导弹和陆基巡航导弹在美国陆军的待遇也没有好多少，所以当年因为INF而撤编时并没有痛心疾首。
另一方面，中国经验表明，弹道导弹的支援保障结构与野战陆军很不相同，配属陆军在理论上更加容易与地面作战整合为一体，实际上成为集团军不可承受之重，最后还是交还给火箭军了。在联合作战的框架下，火箭军对陆军的火力支援与空军没有本质差别，交给火箭军集中管理和使用更加合理。这对反舰弹道导弹也是一样。
战支是另一个创新。美国三军分别组建网络战、信息战部队，在战区联合司令部层面整合成完整的战斗力，这不可避免地导致重复建设，而且人为制造配属上的麻烦。中国的集中模式不仅避免浪费，也便于集中使用。这或许可以与二战初期对坦克的不同理念相类比：与德国模式的集中使用相比，法国模式的分散配属最后被证明是失败的模式。
使得兰德报告印象深刻的是：中国走学习与创新并举的道路，既不盲目学习美国，更是在引进或者效法受阻的时候勇于创新。既勇于承认自己的不足和需要学习的地方，又不被优势对手吓到。有条件要上，没有条件创造条件也要上，一切为了打赢，即使在劣势时也从不放弃打赢的信心。
兰德报告也反映了美国对中国学习的矛盾心态：一方面为中国在某些方面仿效美国而沾沾自喜，另一方面又害怕中国学得太好了，变成厉害的对手。更担心的还是中国的创新，使得自以为稳坐山颠的美国突然面临完全陌生的威胁环境，尽管这威胁不是中国带到美国的，而是美国没事找事老要踩中国门槛自找的。
这个世界上，有些国家只懂霸权主义，强权政治，我们付出了血的代价搞明白了，他们“听不懂”愤怒的语言，那么好吧……
只好用他们唯一能听懂的语言对话了
兰德报告指出，美国习惯性地低估中国的发展，中国的实际发展速度（包括军事现代化）一再超出美国专家最乐观的估计。更糟糕的是，美国优势似乎震慑不了中国，反而成为激励中国的动力。周边其他国家（印度、日本、俄罗斯、越南）对中国的战略思维没有影响，从90年代开始，中国就在一心一意谋求在可能的冲突中打赢美国。兰德报告似乎暗示：美国认为中国的谋打赢是非分之想。但在银河号、台海导弹危机、98炸馆之后，中国有什么理由不谋求在未来冲突中打赢美国呢？好在中国似乎对全球性的远征作战不感兴趣，基本态势还是防御性的。
应该说，这个兰德报告的真正干货并不很多，但正确地认识到中国军事现代化（和更加广义的中国崛起）并不是单纯学习外国先进经验的结果，自主创新一直是动力之一，而且地位越来越重要。中国不仅着眼于威慑，而且在扎实地向战则必胜的方向努力。打赢而不仅仅是吓阻，这才是中国的目标。考虑到兰德对美国政府和军方高层的影响，这是难能可贵的忠告。
Read OnlineDefeat, Not Merely Compete
China's View of Its Military Aerospace Goals and Requirements in Relation to the United States
by Scott W. Harold
- Related Topics:
- Aerospace,
- Air Warfare,
- China,
- Military Doctrine,
- Military Strategy,
- Military Technology,
- Space Warfare,
- United States Air Force
- Citation
Format File Size Notes PDF file 0.7 MB
Technical Details »
Research Questions
- As China develops its armed forces, what role does competition with the United States play in shaping the military aerospace capabilities development of the People's Liberation Army (PLA)?
- How does China decide whether to copy from a leading foreign aerospace power or to develop a new and innovative approach to accomplishing a mission or fielding a capability?
Key Findings
PLA's goal is to defeat, not merely compete
- The main driver for Chinese military aerospace power development is the PLA's view that it needs to be prepared to deter and, if necessary, defeat the United States in a high-end clash.
- The PLA appears to copy foreign militaries when it can find low-cost hardware, organizational, or operational concepts that it can adapt from abroad to solve the operational challenges it confronts. In contrast, when foreign capabilities or organizational practices are irrelevant to Chinese military aerospace problem sets, the PLA either innovates its own solution or declines to replicate the foreign capability (although it does continue to track and study these).
- The PLA appears not to compete in certain areas because it does not need certain capabilities to accomplish its directed mission, or it has other means to address the military problem at hand.
- The USAF should understand the advances that China is making in specific domains related to ISR, strategic and tactical lift, and strike platforms and assets as well as power projection in and through space and against space-based satellite architectures.
- In addition, the USAF should monitor a range of other PLA investments and changes, including in the realms of doctrine, organization, training, manpower, logistics, procurement, and facilities.
- Chapter One
Introduction - Chapter Two
Terminology, Methodology, and Data Sources - Chapter Three
Rapid Recent Development from a Low Post–Cold War Baseline - Chapter Four
PLA Aims to Defeat, Not Merely Compete with, U.S. Military - Chapter Five
When Does China Copy Foreign Militaries? - Chapter Six
China's Innovations in Military Aerospace - Chapter Seven
Conclusions and Implications - Appendix A
Transfers of Air Defense Systems, China to World (Final Deliveries and New Orders, 2010 to 2017) - Appendix B
Transfers of Combat Aircraft, China to World (Final Deliveries and New Orders, 2010 to 2017) - Appendix C
Transfers of Missiles, China to World (Final Deliveries and New Orders, 2010 to 2017)
The research reported here was commissioned by the U.S. Air Force (USAF) and conducted by the Strategy and Doctrine Program within RAND Project AIR FORCE.
This report is part of the RAND Corporation research report series. RAND reports present research findings and objective analysis that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND reports undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity.
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https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/china/2018-12-03/doc-ihprknvs7289722.shtml
美智库从六大方面对比中美空军：中国目标是战则必胜
美智库从六大方面对比中美空军：中国目标是战则必胜
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红光万丈腾天半：中美俄激光武器真实水平到底有多高1/23
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2018年7月20日，俄罗斯军方发布了新型“佩列斯韦特”车载激光武器的最新画面。这款曾在今年3月1日俄总统普京国情咨文中被曝光的“超级武器”又再次全面曝光，其是由两台大型拖车上的一体化激光发射装置和多个指挥/支援车辆组成。在部署时，一体化发射装置会展开并暴露出类似于大炮的装置，该装置可能是激光系统的发射装置。据悉，俄罗斯军队还将在“佩列斯韦特”车载激光武器的基础上建立专门的激光反导营。作为世界首个成建制激光反导部队，我们看到的是俄罗斯急于创建激光反导营，而作为世界另一个激光研制的大国，中国是否应该全面跟进，创建激光部队？本期出鞘关注俄罗斯创建激光反导营。（查看完整内容搜索微信公众号：sinamilnews）
原标题：晨枫：兰德报告说“中国的目标是战则必胜”，有什么问题吗？
[文/观察者网专栏作者 晨枫]兰德公司是美国最重要的战略咨询机构之一，于1948年由美国空间建立。最近，该机构推出名为《战胜，而不只是竞争—中国在军事空天方面对美斗争的目标与要求》（Defeat， Not Merely Compete： China’s View of Its Military Aerospace Goals and Requirements in Relation to the United States）的报告，指出中国不仅在军事空天方面学习和追赶美国，还通过高新技术弯道超车，目标是战则必胜。
美国空军不仅包括陆基空中力量，还包括陆基洲际弹道导弹和军事航天力量，对应于中国的空军、火箭军和战略支援部队，但又不完全对应。中国空军包括空降兵，这在美国属于美国陆军。火箭军不仅包括洲际导弹，也包括战役战术弹道导弹和巡航导弹，后两者在《中导协议》（简称INF）之前也属于美国陆军。战支则不仅运作中国的军用卫星，还负责网络战、信息战，如果说前一点与美国空军为主空间司令部相当的话，后一点就不同了，美国把网络战、信息战能力分散在三军中，只在战区联合司令部层面整合。兰德报告涵盖中国空军、火箭军和战支。
近几年来美国人总是在媒体上说中国“偷窃”美国科技，并且热衷于拿歼-20和F-22、F-35比，然后说是中国“偷窃”他们的成果……
然而，这次兰德的报告就像是这组照片，终于想通其实“最大美粉”只是调侃罢了，歼-20不是F-22，而解放军也不是美军……
“最大美粉”学的到底像不像？
中国在二战前就建立了初步的空中力量，但真正建立空军是在抗美援朝的烽火中。由于历史条件限制，中国空军的使命长期局限于防空掩护。从90年代开始，中国空军开始强调“空天一体、攻防兼备”，空军的作用从陆军的掩护兵力转向独立的战略战役方向，形成战略空军的理念。在这个过程中，学习外国先进经验是自然的，也是必要的。
中国空军的第一个老师是苏联，苏联空军条令和组织的影响至今还存在。但美国空军是战后世界上最强大的，技术最先进，使用经验最多，作用也最大。中国空军向美国空军学习，在一定程度上越来越“美国化”，这也是自然的，必要的。中国从来不排斥吸收外国先进经验，中国经济的改革开放在很大程度上就是学习外国先进科技和管理的过程。
不过兰德报告也正确地指出：中国空军并不是盲目地学习美国空军，全盘照搬，而是结合具体国情，有重点、有针对性地取舍。兰德报告分六方面评估中国空军与美国空军的相似度：
一、空优战斗机
兰德报告认为，新一代中国战斗机从设计要求到具体性能都在高逼真度效法美国，具体例子是歼-20和歼-31，分别与F-22和F-35相对应。作为从防空起家的中国空军，空优战斗机放在第一重点并不意外，但使用的类比有点不当。歼-20与F-22类比是可以的，但歼-31与F-35的定位就不同，前者是空优为主，后者是空地为主，导致完全不同的设计，只是貌似而已。兰德也会犯“以貌取人”的错误。但说到中国空军在空优战斗机方面向美国空军看齐，这还是不错的。
最近俄军“红星电视台”专门出了个专题片，大吹苏-57，顺便不忘了贬低一番中美的五代机
如果不是当初塔斯社自己承认这玩意的雷达反射截面积是0.4米²，搞不好还真有人相信了呢……
二、C2ISR
C2ISR的全称是Command，Control，Intelligence，Surveillence，Reconnaissance，意为指挥-控制-情报-监视-侦察，一般包括预警机、侦察机、巡逻机、电子情报飞机、战场监视飞机等。美国空军高度重视情报-指挥-打击链，有的放矢，而不是简单粗暴，这在火力经常过剩而情报永远不足的现在尤其重要。在这一点上，中国也在向美国看齐。尤其值得注意的是，中国不仅在预警机上狠下功夫，还在大型、远程、长航时无人机方面急起直追。缺乏大型平台曾经限制了中国预警机的发展，但随着主动电扫雷达和小型化、网络化的发展，这个问题在一定程度上可以通过较小但联网的平台来弥补，这也符合战场生存力的要求。
安装先进雷达的长航时无人机在网络战环境下可以与大型预警机发挥互补作用，图为沈飞研制的“神雕”无人机
中电科集团也在积极将相关技术转移到更小型的无人机上，JU-300无人预警机可以说就像是降档外贸版“神雕”
三、空中加油
中国空军在这方面正在努力向美国空军看齐，最显著的迹象就是所有新一代主要中国军机都有空中加油能力。兰德报告在这一点上大方向正确。中国受制于缺乏大型平台，对发展空中加油长期有心无力。但刚刚列装的运-20已经有加油型现身于阎良试飞中心，充分显示了中国对加油机的重视和未来的起点。加油机使得作战飞机可以超量带弹但减油起飞，然后通过空中加油以恢复航程。加油机不仅增加作战飞机的航程，还增加留空时间。在远离基地的情况下，在战区具有两倍的留空时间可以相当于有多于两倍数量的战斗机可供投入战斗。对于存在就是胜利的准战争状态而言，增加目标空域的留空时间更加重要。这一点从美国空军近几十年的作战使用中充分体现出来，中国空军看在眼里，记在心里。
四、训练和演习
兰德报告认为，中国空军正在两方面在取得进展，但离美国空军还有差距。一是联合作战，二是无预案演习。长期以来，中国的空军和陆海军分属不同指挥体系，战役级联合作战演习尚且需要临时搭建联合指挥部，战术级联合作战更是无从谈起。军改的“军种主建、战区主战”正在从体制上突出联合作战，空海军主官也进入了军委最高层，但在基层部队级的训练中，还需要加强联合作战的思维和技能。在实战演习方面，无预案演习正在成为常态，但在难度（各种气象、昼夜、远程、海上）、逼真度（空中、防空、电磁对抗）和鼓励飞行员自主灵活决断方面还可以继续改进。
如果说两者的主要差距，或许就是目前我军还没有让友好国家空军参加，图为参加“红旗”军演的澳大利亚空军F-18战斗机
五、轰炸机和战略战役打击
在轰炸机方面，中国空军与美国空军没有多少相似度，战役战略打击更主要地依靠各种弹道导弹和巡航导弹，而不是美国空军那样，主要依靠轰炸机。不过在利用轰炸机显示存在和传递政治信息方面，中国空军似乎有模仿美国的迹象，各种日本列岛海峡的穿越飞行和台湾绕岛飞行就是例证。在这方面，兰德报告并没有错，但可能错失了一点：中国空军并非不重视轰炸机，只是尚且没有合适的重轰炸机，现有最先进的轰-6K也只能算加强版的中程轰炸机。各种迹象表明，轰-20并不只是传说，这将极大到改变中国空军，也肯定要激发西方对中国空中力量的重新认识和评价。
在轰炸机方面，轰-6K是我国第一种具备较大航程的战略轰炸机，目前尚在起步阶段的解放军轰炸机现在当然还没办法和纵横江湖几十年的美国空军比了
六、空中火力支援
兰德报告认为，这方面中国与美国基本上没有相似之处，中国空军根本不重视空中火力支援。这可能是误解。中国空军是重视空中火力支援的，还在歼-6时代，就克服困难，自主研制了强-5。在军队为国民经济建设让路的最困难的80年代，还研制了歼轰-7。但由于国力和技术限制，中国陆军已经“习惯于”在缺乏空中火力支援的条件下作战，并富有创意地发展了远程炮兵和火箭炮，作为主要的战术和战役火力。
但这不等于中国空军缺席了。在最新的空军宣传图片中，空优为主的歼-20和空地兼优的歼-16、歼-10C三机编队，充分展示了中国空军真正向攻防兼备转型的现状和决心。其实美国空军作为飞行炮兵为连排级作战提供战术火力也是二战后的事情。中国空军或许不会这么极端，但空中战争的胜利最终体现在地上，这个道理还是明白的。中国空军的空中火力支援能力将与陆军远程打击能力相结合，形成全新的和比单纯依赖空中火力支援更加高效的战场火力支援体系。
随着技术的发展，我军越来越多把注意力放在精确打击敌方纵深的重要目标上，图为携带空地-88导弹的歼轰-7A
创新是中国对美国最大的“威胁”
兰德报告认为，向美国空军学习是中国空军战斗力迅速提高的一大源泉。但如果说中国空军正在努力摆脱苏联影响而转向“美国化”，这可以算是某种程度的仿效美国，那在封锁中诞生和发展的二炮就指出中国空天实力的第二个源泉：创新。火箭军和战支是二炮在今天的传承。
二炮是作为中国的战略反击力量诞生的，但从90年代开始，二炮就转向核常兼备，在空海军受到技术、装备和经验限制的情况下，担当部分在传统上由空海军承担的任务。这首先体现在300公里以上射程的常规弹头弹道导弹，现在已经扩展到2500公里以上，这是中国的首创。中国大量装备和部署的战役级常规弹头弹道导弹精度高，威力大，反应快，难以拦截，而且弹药种类和射程齐全，与巡航导弹相在一起，使得美国优势的常规军力面临如重装骑士对战弓弩手一样的尴尬决面。
中国自己有了“弩”还不算，还积极对外出售这种武器，这让美军的“骑士老爷”非常不爽……
中国也创造性地把弹道导弹用于反舰攻击，射程1500公里的东风-21D在根本上改变了美国航母在第一岛链以内的运作方式，射程2500公里的东风-26进一步扩大了反介入/拒止半径。中国还建立了配套而且有效的空天ISR体系，形成了世界上独有的反舰弹道导弹打击体系。如果说东风系列还是战略性、前沿性的，最近的珠海航展则展现了中国反舰弹道导弹技术已经高度成熟，并在向战术级延申。
中国在高超音速方面的领先进一步体现了中国在军事科技方面的创新能力。事实上，具有高度机动性的反舰弹道导弹就可看作高超音速武器的初级形式。这是空天科技的新边疆，在可预见的将来缺乏有效的拦截手段，而在使用上具有比弹道导弹更大的灵活性和精确性。与中国已经高度成熟并且系列完整的弹道导弹技术相结合，中国正在形成全新的高超音速精确打击能力。有理由相信，与战役战术弹道导弹、舰载反舰弹道导弹相结合的高超音速武器将开创战争的新时代。
从DF-21D导弹首次展示击沉大型水面目标能力后，中国周边2000公里对于美国海军而言，就已经成了危险区
与此同时，中国也在打造由航母、先进战斗机、远程防空导弹为核心的常规战斗力。中国这样以导弹为中心的创新的远程打击体系与先进的常规战斗力相结合，非对称与对称相结合，既着眼于长远，又尽快形成威慑力和战斗力。这是比单纯依靠创新和弯道超车或者单纯依靠追赶更稳定、更平衡、更锐利的发展战略，在根本上打乱了西太平洋的常规军力对比。在大国竞争的设定下，威慑力有时比战斗力更加重要。
此外，中国在量子通信、量子雷达、有人-无人航空反潜等方面也展现了出乎美国意料的创新能力。中国的国防规划、财政支持和军工科研体系也比美国更加高效、敏捷、持之以恒、首尾一致，使得中国军工从理念到产品的流程大大快于美国，巨无霸的制造业基础则确保了低成本。总装和军兵种装备部的组建，更是完成了中国军工从“先解决有无问题”的技术引导向“谋打赢”的需求引导的转型。
除了军事技术，中国在军队组织上也在创新。二炮是受苏联战略火箭军的影响而组建的，但今天的火箭军整合了从战略到战役战术的弹道导弹和巡航导弹力量，作战范围和性质已经极大超过了苏联战略火箭军。而且俄罗斯已经撤编战略火箭军，洲际导弹像美国空军一样划归空天军。至于美国，美国空军负责洲际导弹，美国陆军负责战役战术弹道导弹和陆基巡航导弹（如果美国退出INF并重新组建的话）。
中国的火箭军本身具备作为一个军种所需的从战术侦察到打击的完整作战体系，这已经远超越了苏联当年的战略火箭军
中国火箭军的模式是独特的，也比美国模式更加合理有效。洲际导弹部队在美国空军内部属于异类，在飞行员当道的空军内部晋升渠道狭窄。前几年的透露报告称，这是导致洲际导弹部队士气低落、纪律松懈和战备率低下的部分原因。战役战术弹道导弹和陆基巡航导弹在美国陆军的待遇也没有好多少，所以当年因为INF而撤编时并没有痛心疾首。
另一方面，中国经验表明，弹道导弹的支援保障结构与野战陆军很不相同，配属陆军在理论上更加容易与地面作战整合为一体，实际上成为集团军不可承受之重，最后还是交还给火箭军了。在联合作战的框架下，火箭军对陆军的火力支援与空军没有本质差别，交给火箭军集中管理和使用更加合理。这对反舰弹道导弹也是一样。
战支是另一个创新。美国三军分别组建网络战、信息战部队，在战区联合司令部层面整合成完整的战斗力，这不可避免地导致重复建设，而且人为制造配属上的麻烦。中国的集中模式不仅避免浪费，也便于集中使用。这或许可以与二战初期对坦克的不同理念相类比：与德国模式的集中使用相比，法国模式的分散配属最后被证明是失败的模式。
使得兰德报告印象深刻的是：中国走学习与创新并举的道路，既不盲目学习美国，更是在引进或者效法受阻的时候勇于创新。既勇于承认自己的不足和需要学习的地方，又不被优势对手吓到。有条件要上，没有条件创造条件也要上，一切为了打赢，即使在劣势时也从不放弃打赢的信心。
兰德报告也反映了美国对中国学习的矛盾心态：一方面为中国在某些方面仿效美国而沾沾自喜，另一方面又害怕中国学得太好了，变成厉害的对手。更担心的还是中国的创新，使得自以为稳坐山颠的美国突然面临完全陌生的威胁环境，尽管这威胁不是中国带到美国的，而是美国没事找事老要踩中国门槛自找的。
这个世界上，有些国家只懂霸权主义，强权政治，我们付出了血的代价搞明白了，他们“听不懂”愤怒的语言，那么好吧……
兰德报告指出，美国习惯性地低估中国的发展，中国的实际发展速度（包括军事现代化）一再超出美国专家最乐观的估计。更糟糕的是，美国优势似乎震慑不了中国，反而成为激励中国的动力。周边其他国家（印度、日本、俄罗斯、越南）对中国的战略思维没有影响，从90年代开始，中国就在一心一意谋求在可能的冲突中打赢美国。兰德报告似乎暗示：美国认为中国的谋打赢是非分之想。但在银河号、台海导弹危机、98炸馆之后，中国有什么理由不谋求在未来冲突中打赢美国呢？好在中国似乎对全球性的远征作战不感兴趣，基本态势还是防御性的。
应该说，这个兰德报告的真正干货并不很多，但正确地认识到中国军事现代化（和更加广义的中国崛起）并不是单纯学习外国先进经验的结果，自主创新一直是动力之一，而且地位越来越重要。中国不仅着眼于威慑，而且在扎实地向战则必胜的方向努力。打赢而不仅仅是吓阻，这才是中国的目标。考虑到兰德对美国政府和军方高层的影响，这是难能可贵的忠告。
In Chinese culture of 5000 years, wars are not fought for competition nor Olympic games. It is live & death survival & elimination business, it is fought for CONQUEST OF RESOURCES. War does not respect Geneva Convention nor fucking Human Rights, loser nation's civilian are either dead or become slaves. Sex slaves or labor slaves or both.
The Great Wall was built by SLAVES! Rock-bricks making the war were Resources won from the Conquests.
Chow Ang Moh got no fucking idea about?
The Great Wall was built by SLAVES! Rock-bricks making the war were Resources won from the Conquests.
Chow Ang Moh got no fucking idea about?
Since the cold war...the Yankee land military industrial complex have always overplayed the power of the opponent's to get more funding. This could be the case. From wat I see, the USA waste alot of resources on its military without getting the bang for it's buck. Look at the F35.. delayed for decades n still ineffective. N it ate soo much resources that other areas of the military are deprived of funds for more effective weapons. Fir example they could have spent half the amount n upgraded the F15s n F14s. Spent more money on the rail gun development. Upgraded the oliver hazard perry class frigates. Instead of wasting resources on the zumwalt class destroyers. Stealth tech is becoming obsolete no point being a centre of focus for weapons development.
Instead of looking at the military forces or their weapons, just go under the carpets to find their sources, then you will see better.
- 1st there are the basic fundamental sciences and technological resources. Supercomputers, nuclear sciences, material sciences, chemical technologies, industrial strengths, Physics, medical sciences, Space technologies.... this are the hard parts of software.
- Then there is the hardware, the steel production capacity and quality, the energy resources, the mines and production speed, the factories, the shipyards, the aircraft assembly lines, the metal foundry , wafer plants, the scale & efficiency of work forces, the overall economic strength.
- Then there is the soft part of software, education, spirit, unity, confident, loyalty, discipline, organization, training, welfare, social conditions (peace, orderliness, harmony, hygiene , health, wealth..)
- Politics, one-party vs multiple, internal divide & hostility,
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