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蓬佩奥为何反对伊朗买歼10？将威胁美在波斯湾秩序
蓬佩奥为何反对伊朗买歼10？将威胁美在波斯湾秩序
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6月24日，美国国务卿蓬佩奥忽然在推特上发帖说“如果联合国对伊朗的武器禁运在10月过期，伊朗就能购买类似于俄罗斯苏-30和中国歼-10这样的新式战斗机了。这是杀伤力很强的飞机，欧洲、亚洲都会处在伊朗的瞄准镜中。美国绝不允许这种事情发生”。
[蓬佩奥给出的歼-10和苏-30作战范围]
蓬佩奥作为美国的国务卿，一直持有反华反俄的立场，伊朗则一直是美国的眼中钉肉中刺，所以蓬佩奥要站出来反对伊朗从中国或者俄罗斯进口先进战斗机，是情理之中的事情，然而作为美国政府顶级高官、在国际社会具有巨大影响力的外交任务，点名道姓某一种具体武器装备，却是非常罕见的事情。让人不得不怀疑他有“直播带货”的意图在其中。
[中国歼-10]
实际上美国政府高级官员为中国企业“直播带货”并不是第1次了。最近几年来，从特朗普、纳瓦罗到各级美国官员，不停地为华为、大疆、中兴等公司“直播带货”。让这些注册在深圳市南山区粤海街道的民营企业声名显赫。全球唯一超级大国倾全国之力都打不死的企业，这笔花多少钱做广告都更有效果。
如今这样的待遇轮到了中国的国防工业，轮到了著名的中国成都飞机工业公司。
蓬佩奥为什么选定了歼-10和苏-30这两种战斗机来带货呢。是因为这两个型号真的不受美国政府控制，连干涉都无从下手。
在当今世界上存在着四个主要的战斗机供货体系。首先当然是美国，以F-35、F-16、F-15、F-18组成产品矩阵。另一个就是欧洲，主要推出阵风和狂风这“两风”。第三家是传统战斗机供应大国俄罗斯，以苏-57为首，苏35、苏-30、米格-29等系列形成供货体系。最后当然就是新兴供应商，所能够交付的现货战斗机产品包括歼-10和枭龙两种型号。
实际上这4个供应方可以简单分成两个阵营。美国和欧洲为一个阵营，中国和俄罗斯为一个阵营。美欧阵营的组成在很大程度上不是很情愿的，欧洲虽然在战斗机整体设计和发动机供应上可以自主，但是在航空电子领域对美国的依赖程度却非常高，尤其是机载计算机、相控阵雷达器件，以及电子战系统，有大量器件要从美国进口。而且美国的第三代战斗机在很多场景下，与欧洲两风有竞争关系。印度的多用途战斗机选型就是一个典型的例子。
中国和俄罗斯之间却没有这个问题。中俄在陆军装备出口市场上存在着竞争关系。但是在战斗机市场上，中国出口的两种战斗机都是单发轻型机。而俄罗斯出口的都是双发重型或者中型机。因此，虽然歼-10和枭龙都需要选用俄罗斯的发动机，却很难形成竞争。
伊朗显然没有机会购买美欧阵营的战斗机，那么要想更新老旧的战斗机群，中国与俄罗斯阵营就是唯一选择。歼-10和苏-30都属于高端战斗机，拥有较强的超视距空战、视距内空战和格斗能力，还具备不可小看的多用途能力，可以用制导武器实施对地攻击。无论中国和俄罗斯，都为这两种型号配备了多种型号的空对空弹药和空对地弹药，中国的闪电10还是国际市场上为数不多的先进雷达制导空对空导弹之一。而且，这两种飞机的雷达航电系统都是中、俄自行研制和供应的，完全不受西方制约。这才是最大的卖点。而“枭龙”的档次毕竟比歼-10低一些，未必符合伊朗的期望值。
按理说，坐拥F-22和F-35两种四代机的美国并不应该担心伊朗买了什么型号的三代机。然而考虑到波斯湾地区的政治现实和军事力量对比，事情没有那么简单。
[苏尔坦王子空军基地的美军F-15C]
美国在波斯湾地区的空中优势，是依靠美国驻军本身和以色列空军、海湾合作委员会空军、土耳其空军联合支撑的。这里唯一拥有四代机的就是以色列。多年来，美国在这里部署了销售了多种变体的F-15和F-16。对于没有三代机的伊朗来说，已经足够形成空中优势了。（伊朗的F-14因为失去后勤供应，很难认为是可以作战的型号）。
负责波斯湾的美国中央司令部只有7个飞行联队，其中332联队装备有F-15，455联队装备有F-16，380联队战斗机实力最强，装备有F-35和F-16。在各种侦察、指挥、电子战飞机的支援下，压制伊朗空中力量毫无难度。
但是，如果伊朗采购歼-10和苏-30，局面就完全改观了。这两种飞机虽然依然属于三代机，但出现的年代比较晚，在雷达电子系统和武器系统方面具有很显著的优势，虽然不是四代机的对手，但是可以有效克制波斯湾地区现存的各类美制三代机和沙特等国的“台风”，取得制空权。无论美军还是以色列的F-35数量都不足，无法起到绝对压制的作用。
伊朗是波斯湾大国，拥有庞大人口和不可小视的工业基础。如果没有美军及其制空权的存在，海湾合作委员会的全部军力加在一起，哪怕再加上一个土耳其，也未必能克制伊朗。如果伊朗具有了夺取制空权的手段，那么美国精心设计和打造的波斯湾政治秩序就面临着崩溃的危险。美国也可选择把一定数量的F-22部署到波斯湾来平衡局面。但是美军一共也没有多少F-22，摔一架少一架。有限的F-22还要拿来直接面对中、俄，哪里有富余给伊朗？蓬佩奥跳出来坚决反对，也是可以理解的。
[印度空军的苏-30]
但是无论从那个角度来说，如果伊朗决心向中、俄采购战斗机并且成交，美国都没有任何办法加以阻止。对伊朗的武器禁运即将到期。战斗机从中、俄前往伊朗，也不需要经过美国控制的空域。
所以，蓬佩奥的发言听起来怎么都不像是威胁，更像是给伊朗推荐解决方案。
或许再过一些年，当蓬佩奥彻底退出政界之后，会自己跑到成都飞机公司门口索要代言费呢？对于一个公然声称“我们撒谎、我们欺骗、我们偷窃。我们还有一门课程专门来教这些。这才是美国不断探索进取的荣耀。”的人来说，他未必做不出来。
关键字 : 伊朗蓬佩奥歼-10
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解放军电磁步枪亮相：造型科幻 子弹更细更长(图)
解放军电磁步枪亮相：造型科幻 子弹更细更长(图)
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来源：军武次位面
很多玩过《星际争霸》的网友，恐怕都会对里面人族步兵所使用的高斯步枪有深刻印象。
高斯步枪是以电磁加速轨道为动力，发射金属弹药的一类步枪，能够以超音速发射金属刺钉子弹，这种弹药天生就是为了撕开敌人的外壳而存在的，可以对重装坦克造成伤害。
▲GTA5 中的高斯能量步枪轻松打爆坦克
不过这种步枪只存在于游戏当中。但是如果小二告诉你这种步枪已经在中国出现并出现在解放军手中，你会不会很惊讶呢？
▲视频中亮相的外形科幻电磁枪
近日，八一军视网发布了一则视频，视频中几名战士手持电磁步枪和电磁手枪，分别进行了气球、多层木板和钢板的射击实验，威力惊人。
▲这剪辑颇有大片感
顾名思义，电磁枪采用线圈通电方式发射弹丸，它与传统枪械将火药燃气压力作用于弹丸不同，电磁枪主要是利用电磁场产生的力来对金属炮弹进行加速，使其达到打击目标所需的动能。
▲电磁场力的直观表现
这种原理其实很早就出现了，早在19世纪，英国科学家法拉第就发现，磁场中的导线在通电时会受到一个力的推动，这就是洛仑兹力。而如果让导线切割磁力线，导线上也会产生电流。
有人用这个原理发明了电动机和发电机。而有人突然脑洞大开，能不能利用洛仑兹力发射枪弹呢？能！1845年，查尔斯·惠斯通制作出了世界第一台磁阻直流电动机，并用它把金属棒抛射到20米远。
▲惠斯通8岁通晓各种乐器15岁自己写歌，是一个文艺范科学家
奈何第一个搞出原始版电磁枪的惠斯通却淹没于历史长河，1901年，挪威奥斯陆大学物理学教授伯克兰正式提出电磁发射/电磁炮概念，并获得了“电火炮”专利（这个故事告诉我们，有了脑洞一定要抢先注册专利！）。
一战和二战期间，在战场需求的刺激下，各国都开始过电磁枪炮的研究，比如德国的汉斯莱曾将弹丸用电磁炮加速到1.2公里/秒的初速。战后，这些技术资料也被搬到了美国。
▲汉斯莱的电磁炮
从二战到现在，各国都没有停止电磁枪械的研究，美国的口径90毫米、炮口动能9兆焦的电磁炮样炮开始靶场试验，而中国更是略胜一筹，已经开始了电磁炮的舰载实验。
▲美国的电磁炮
电磁炮都有了，那么采用同样原理的电磁枪为什么迟迟不见出来呢？其实这是有原因的。
目前主流的电磁枪炮技术路线主要是两种，一种是Railgun轨道式，一种是Coilgun线圈式。这两种都是利用电磁原理的抛射器，不过具体技术有些不同。轨道式的弹药需要接触通电导轨形成回路，所以先决条件是弹药的部分为导电体，而线圈式的弹药则需要是磁体。
▲轨道式发射原理
▲线圈式发射原理
但不论是轨道式还是线圈式，都面临一个问题：需要电，而且不是普通的电，是超短时间大电流放电技术。通过洛仑磁力研究我们知道，要想提高初速，要么增长电磁轨道（显然没人愿意背一把几米长的枪），要么加大电磁力。电磁力越大，意味着所需要的电流也越大，这就需要大容量电池，毕竟没人愿意背着一台发电机上战场。
▲变形金刚里面要靠驱逐舰来给电磁轨道炮供电
除了需要有巨大的电力供应，还要求有精密的电路设计，毕竟要想加大电流，只能用若干个电源并联，并联的越多，电流越大。但大电流往往又容易烧毁电缆，而且散热始终是个大问题，因此各种配套的优化电路和冷却装置是非常必要的。
▲电磁炮研制车间，可见其复杂程度
因此目前面世的电磁炮，往往体积巨大，只能安装在地面来实验，就算中国的电磁炮已经上舰，也只是上了一艘登陆舰，小型舰只是无法满足电磁炮的能源需求和设备需求的。
▲就算在军舰上国产电磁炮仍然显得硕大无比
这种尴尬的情况也就决定了如果把电磁发射武器单兵化，首先要解决的还是电池问题，在电池技术没有突破的今天，是不太可能出现实用化电磁枪的。
如果不考虑电池容量，只为了验证性能，能否造出一支电磁枪来呢？答案当然是可以。首先，电磁枪只需要电路，像枪机、抽壳钩抛壳挺、导气装置等等已经上百年的设计统统可以扔掉，上膛-闭锁-击发-解锁-抛壳这种已经运用了上百年的原理也可以抛弃，我们只需要一个电池、一个线圈，一个供弹机构、一个控制电路，一支枪的外壳就够了。毕竟我们只需要验证是否可行，电池耐久度、散热性能、耐恶劣环境性能都不用考虑。
▲这种小实验我们自己就可以搞
这种尝试，美国其实已经有过电磁产品了。美国两个大学生成立了“ARCFLASH”实验室，推出了EMG-01A型电磁枪。
▲EMG-01A型电磁枪实弹射击动图
EMG-01A枪口初速达到45米/秒，枪口动能为4.65焦耳，能够进行全自动发射，射速达每秒4发。该枪使用0.25×0.75的销钉子弹，弹夹容量为9发子弹，整枪重量约为3公斤，充一次电可射击100发。
▲EMG-01A部件详解
此次亮相的解放军电磁枪，其实应该也就是一种和EMG-01A类似的“验证”枪，它是陆军勤务学院的几个学员自己捣鼓出来的。从外观来看，手枪采用了传统结构，步枪采用了无托结构，外壳应该是3D打印的，使用若干级IGBT模块开关作为电磁驱动动力。
▲此次亮相的电磁枪
枪的顶部能够安装皮卡汀尼导轨，用于安装红点瞄具，从视频中的精度射击来看，精度颇为不俗。
▲精度测试
另外，电磁子弹虽然不用火药，体积会变小，但电磁枪本身并不适合设计膛线，为了稳定飞行姿态，防止子弹出膛百米就开始玩布朗运动，需要加大子弹的长径比，让子弹变得细长。从视频中的装弹动作来看，国产电磁枪的子弹明显比传统子弹弹头更细更长。
▲子弹是长钉弹
国产电磁枪的威力也非常不俗，从测试情况看，可以轻松击穿几层木板和一层钢板，威力显然远远大于EMG-01A只能穿透铝板的威力，相信如果更换大电池，加长枪支，会得到更好的穿甲效果。
▲木板穿透
▲钢板穿透
从现在来看，电磁步枪相比传统步枪还有较大差距，但就像蒸汽机火车一开始发明时跑不过骏马一样，每一种发明在初期都会有很多不足，因此要给电磁枪一定的发展时间，说不定未来的QBZ47式步枪真的会是国产的“高斯步枪”了呢。
▲火车一开始虽然慢，但它代表着未来
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关键字 : 解放军
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Why did Pompeo object to Iran buying J-10? Will threaten US order in the Persian Gulf
Why did Pompeo object to Iran buying J-10? Will threaten US order in the Persian Gulf
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On June 24, US Secretary of State Pompeo suddenly posted on Twitter that "If the UN arms embargo on Iran expires in October, Iran will be able to purchase new fighter jets similar to the Russian Su-30 and the Chinese J-10. This is a very lethal plane. Europe and Asia will be in Iran’s sights. The United States will never allow this to happen."
[Pompeo's combat range of J-10 and Su-30]
As Secretary of State of the United States, Pompeo has always held an anti-China and anti-Russia stance, and Iran has always been a thorn in the eyes of the United States, so it is reasonable for Pompeo to stand up against Iran’s import of advanced fighter jets from China or Russia. However, as a top diplomatic mission of the US government and a diplomatic mission with great influence in the international community, it is very rare to name a specific weapon or equipment. People have to suspect that he has the intention of "live streaming".
[Chinese J-10]
In fact, this is not the first time that senior US government officials have "lived and brought goods" for Chinese companies. In recent years, from Trump and Navarro to U.S. officials at all levels, they have been "live streaming goods" for companies such as Huawei, DJI, and ZTE. These private enterprises registered in Yuehai Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen are famous. The only enterprise in the world that can't be beaten by the whole country, how much money is spent on advertising is more effective.
Now it is the turn of China's defense industry and the famous China Chengdu Aircraft Industry Corporation.
Why did Pompeo choose two fighter jets, J-10 and Su-30, to bring the cargo. It is because these two models are really not under the control of the US government and cannot even interfere.
There are four main fighter supply systems in today's world. The first is of course the United States, with F-35, F-16, F-15, F-18 forming the product matrix. The other is Europe, which mainly introduces the "two winds" of gust and gust. The third is the supply of traditional fighters to Russia, led by the Su-57, and the Su 35, Su-30, MiG-29 and other series have formed a supply system. The last is of course an emerging supplier. The spot fighter products that can be delivered include the J-10 and Xiaolong models.
In fact, these 4 suppliers can be simply divided into two camps. The United States and Europe are one camp, and China and Russia are one camp. The composition of the US-Europe camp is largely unwilling. Although Europe can be autonomous in the overall design of the fighter and the supply of engines, it relies heavily on the United States in the field of avionics, especially onboard computers and phase control. Array radar devices and electronic warfare systems have a large number of devices to be imported from the United States. Moreover, in many scenarios, the third generation fighter of the United States has a competitive relationship with the two European styles. The selection of multi-purpose fighters in India is a typical example.
There is no such problem between China and Russia. China and Russia have a competitive relationship in the army equipment export market. However, in the fighter market, the two fighters exported by China are single-engine light aircraft. The Russian exports are double-engine heavy or medium-sized machines. Therefore, although both J-10 and Xiaolong need to use Russian engines, it is difficult to form a competition.
Iran obviously has no opportunity to buy fighters from the US and European camps. So to update the old fighter fleet, the Chinese and Russian camps are the only choice. Both the J-10 and Su-30 are high-end fighters. They have strong over-the-horizon air combat, line-of-sight air combat, and fighting capabilities. They also have a multi-purpose capability that cannot be underestimated. They can use guided weapons to carry out ground attacks. Both China and Russia are equipped with various types of air-to-air ammunition and air-to-ground ammunition for these two models. China's Lightning 10 is also one of the few advanced radar-guided air-to-air missiles on the international market. Moreover, the radar avionics systems of these two types of aircraft are developed and supplied by China and Russia, and are not subject to Western restrictions. This is the biggest selling point. The "Fierce Dragon" grade is lower than the J-10 after all, and may not meet Iran's expectations.
It stands to reason that the United States, which has two generations of F-22 and F-35, should not worry about what type of three-generation aircraft Iran bought. However, considering the comparison of political reality and military power in the Persian Gulf, things are not that simple.
[US F-15C at Prince Sultan Air Force Base]
The air superiority of the United States in the Persian Gulf is supported by the U.S. garrison itself, the Israeli Air Force, the Gulf Cooperation Council Air Force, and the Turkish Air Force. The only four-generation machine here is Israel. Over the years, the United States has deployed F-15 and F-16, which have sold multiple variants. For Iran without three generations of aircraft, it is enough to form an air superiority. (Iran’s F-14 is difficult to think of as a combatable model due to the loss of logistics supplies).
The U.S. Central Command in charge of the Persian Gulf has only seven flying wing groups, of which 332 wing is equipped with F-15, 455 wing is equipped with F-16, 380 wing is the strongest fighter, equipped with F-35 and F- 16. With the support of various reconnaissance, command, and electronic warfare aircraft, there is no difficulty in suppressing Iranian air power.
However, if Iran buys J-10 and Su-30, the situation will be completely changed. Although these two aircraft still belong to the third-generation aircraft, they appeared relatively late, and they have significant advantages in radar electronic systems and weapon systems. Although they are not opponents of the fourth-generation aircraft, they can effectively restrain the existing types of the Persian Gulf region. The US-made three-generation aircraft and the "typhoon" of Saudi Arabia and other countries have obtained air control rights. Neither the U.S. military nor Israel has enough F-35s to play a role of absolute suppression.
Iran is a large country in the Persian Gulf, with a large population and an industrial base that cannot be underestimated. Without the existence of the US military and its air dominance, the entire military strength of the Gulf Cooperation Council, even with the addition of a Turkey, may not be able to restrain Iran. If Iran has the means to seize air supremacy, then the carefully designed and built Persian Gulf political order is in danger of collapse. The United States can also choose to deploy a certain number of F-22s to the Persian Gulf to balance the situation. But the U.S. military didn't have many F-22s, and one fell short. The limited F-22 still has to face China and Russia directly. Where is the surplus for Iran? It is understandable that Pompeo jumped out and firmly opposed.
[Su-30 of the Indian Air Force]
However, from that perspective, if Iran is determined to purchase fighter jets from China and Russia and trade, the US will have no way to stop it. The arms embargo on Iran is about to expire. Fighters from China and Russia to Iran do not need to pass through the airspace controlled by the United States.
So, Pompeo's speech does not sound like a threat, but more like recommending a solution to Iran.
Maybe in a few years, when Pompeo completely withdraws from politics, he will go to the door of Chengdu Aircraft Company and ask for endorsement fees? For someone who publicly claims "we lie, we cheat, we steal. We have a course dedicated to teaching these. This is the glory of America's continuous exploration and progress." He may not be able to do it.
Keyword: Iran Pompeo J-10
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People's Liberation Army Electromagnetic Rifle Appears: Modeling Sci-Fi Bullets Thinner and Longer (Picture)
People's Liberation Army Electromagnetic Rifle Appears: Modeling Sci-Fi Bullets Thinner and Longer (Picture)
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Source: Military Martial Plane
Many netizens who have played "StarCraft" are probably impressed by the Gaussian rifles used by the Terran infantry.
The Gauss rifle is a type of rifle that launches metal ammunition powered by electromagnetic acceleration orbits. It can fire metal spiked bullets at supersonic speed. This kind of ammunition is designed to tear open the enemy's shell and can cause damage to heavy tanks. .
▲The Gaussian energy rifle in GTA5 easily exploded the tank
However, this rifle only exists in the game. But wouldn’t you be surprised if Xiao Er told you that such a rifle had already appeared in China and appeared in the hands of the People’s Liberation Army?
▲The appearance of the science fiction electromagnetic gun in the video
Recently, the Bayi Military Television Network released a video in which several soldiers held electromagnetic rifles and electromagnetic pistols and conducted shooting experiments of balloons, multi-layer wooden boards and steel plates, respectively.
▲This clip is quite big
As the name implies, the electromagnetic gun uses a coil to energize the projectile. It is different from the traditional guns that apply the pressure of gunpowder gas to the projectile. The electromagnetic gun mainly uses the force generated by the electromagnetic field to accelerate the metal cannonball to achieve the kinetic energy required to strike the target.
▲Intuitive performance of electromagnetic field force
This principle actually appeared very early. As early as the 19th century, British scientist Faraday discovered that the wires in the magnetic field will be pushed by a force when energized. This is the Lorentz force. And if you let the wire cut the magnetic force line, current will also be generated on the wire.
Someone invented the motor and generator using this principle. And someone suddenly opened his brain, can he use Lorentz force to fire a bullet? can! In 1845, Charles Wheatstone produced the world's first reluctance DC motor and used it to project a metal rod 20 meters away.
▲Wheatstone is 8 years old and knows all kinds of musical instruments.
However, the first Wheatstone to produce the original electromagnetic gun was drowned in history. In 1901, Berkland, a professor of physics at the University of Oslo in Norway, officially proposed the concept of electromagnetic emission/electromagnetic gun and obtained the patent of "electric gun" ( This story tells us that we must be the first to register a patent if we have a brain hole!).
During World War I and World War II, stimulated by the needs of the battlefield, all countries began to study electromagnetic guns. For example, Hansley of Germany once accelerated the projectile to an initial speed of 1.2 km/s with an electromagnetic gun. After the war, these technical materials were also moved to the United States.
▲ Hansley's electromagnetic gun
From World War II to the present, all countries have not stopped the research of electromagnetic guns. The United States has a 90 mm caliber and 9 megajoule muzzle kinetic energy electromagnetic cannon-like artillery. The range test has begun, while China is slightly better, and has begun to ship electromagnetic guns. Set experiments.
▲ American electromagnetic gun
There are all electromagnetic guns, so why don't the electromagnetic guns using the same principle come out? In fact, there is a reason.
At present, there are two main technical routes for electromagnetic guns, one is Railgun rail type, and the other is Coilgun coil type. Both of these are ejectors that use electromagnetic principles, but the specific technology is somewhat different. Rail-type ammunition needs to contact a live rail to form a loop, so the prerequisite is that the part of the ammunition is a conductor, and the coil-type ammunition needs to be a magnet.
▲Orbital launch principle
▲Principle of coil launch
But whether it is a rail type or a coil type, there is a problem: electricity is needed, and it is not ordinary electricity. It is an ultra-short time high current discharge technology. Through Lorent magnetic research, we know that to increase the initial velocity, either increase the electromagnetic orbit (obviously no one wants to carry a gun that is a few meters long) or increase the electromagnetic force. The greater the electromagnetic force, the greater the current required. This requires a large-capacity battery. After all, no one wants to carry a generator on the battlefield.
▲Transformers rely on destroyers to power the electromagnetic railgun
In addition to the huge power supply, it also requires sophisticated circuit design. After all, to increase the current, you can only use several power supplies in parallel. The more parallel, the greater the current. However, the high current is often easy to burn the cable, and heat dissipation is always a big problem, so various supporting optimized circuits and cooling devices are very necessary.
▲Electromagnetic gun development workshop, showing its complexity
Therefore, the electromagnetic guns currently available are often huge and can only be installed on the ground for experimentation. Even if China's electromagnetic guns are already on board, they are only a landing ship, and small ships cannot meet the energy and equipment needs of electromagnetic guns. of.
▲ Even if the domestic electromagnetic gun on the warship still looks very huge
This embarrassing situation also determines that if the electromagnetic launching weapon is made into a soldier, the first thing to solve is the battery problem. Today, there is no breakthrough in battery technology, and it is unlikely that a practical electromagnetic gun will appear.
If you do not consider the battery capacity, just to verify the performance, can you build an electromagnetic gun? The answer is of course yes. First of all, the electromagnetic gun only needs electrical circuits, such as guns, shelling hooks, shells, air guides, etc., which have been designed for hundreds of years. All can be thrown away. Loading, blocking, firing, unlocking, and shelling have been used. The centuries-old principle can also be discarded. We only need a battery, a coil, a feeding mechanism, a control circuit, and the shell of a gun is enough. After all, we only need to verify whether it is feasible, and battery durability, heat dissipation performance, and harsh environment performance are not considered.
▲We can do this kind of small experiment ourselves
In this attempt, the United States has already had electromagnetic products. Two American college students set up the "ARCFLASH" laboratory and launched the EMG-01A electromagnetic gun.
▲ EMG-01A electromagnetic gun live ammunition shooting motion picture
The muzzle velocity of the EMG-01A muzzle reaches 45 meters per second, the muzzle kinetic energy is 4.65 joules, and it can be fully automatic, with a rate of fire of 4 rounds per second. The gun uses 0.25 × 0.75 pin bullets, the cartridge capacity is 9 rounds, the whole gun weighs about 3 kg, and can charge 100 rounds on a single charge.
▲Detailed explanation of EMG-01A components
The PLA electromagnetic gun that appeared this time is actually a kind of "verified" gun similar to the EMG-01A. It was created by several students of the Army Service Academy. From the appearance point of view, the pistol uses a traditional structure, the rifle uses a non-supporting structure, the shell should be 3D printed, using several levels of IGBT module switches as electromagnetic driving power.
▲This debut
蓬佩奥为何反对伊朗买歼10？将威胁美在波斯湾秩序
蓬佩奥为何反对伊朗买歼10？将威胁美在波斯湾秩序
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6月24日，美国国务卿蓬佩奥忽然在推特上发帖说“如果联合国对伊朗的武器禁运在10月过期，伊朗就能购买类似于俄罗斯苏-30和中国歼-10这样的新式战斗机了。这是杀伤力很强的飞机，欧洲、亚洲都会处在伊朗的瞄准镜中。美国绝不允许这种事情发生”。
[蓬佩奥给出的歼-10和苏-30作战范围]
蓬佩奥作为美国的国务卿，一直持有反华反俄的立场，伊朗则一直是美国的眼中钉肉中刺，所以蓬佩奥要站出来反对伊朗从中国或者俄罗斯进口先进战斗机，是情理之中的事情，然而作为美国政府顶级高官、在国际社会具有巨大影响力的外交任务，点名道姓某一种具体武器装备，却是非常罕见的事情。让人不得不怀疑他有“直播带货”的意图在其中。
[中国歼-10]
实际上美国政府高级官员为中国企业“直播带货”并不是第1次了。最近几年来，从特朗普、纳瓦罗到各级美国官员，不停地为华为、大疆、中兴等公司“直播带货”。让这些注册在深圳市南山区粤海街道的民营企业声名显赫。全球唯一超级大国倾全国之力都打不死的企业，这笔花多少钱做广告都更有效果。
如今这样的待遇轮到了中国的国防工业，轮到了著名的中国成都飞机工业公司。
蓬佩奥为什么选定了歼-10和苏-30这两种战斗机来带货呢。是因为这两个型号真的不受美国政府控制，连干涉都无从下手。
在当今世界上存在着四个主要的战斗机供货体系。首先当然是美国，以F-35、F-16、F-15、F-18组成产品矩阵。另一个就是欧洲，主要推出阵风和狂风这“两风”。第三家是传统战斗机供应大国俄罗斯，以苏-57为首，苏35、苏-30、米格-29等系列形成供货体系。最后当然就是新兴供应商，所能够交付的现货战斗机产品包括歼-10和枭龙两种型号。
实际上这4个供应方可以简单分成两个阵营。美国和欧洲为一个阵营，中国和俄罗斯为一个阵营。美欧阵营的组成在很大程度上不是很情愿的，欧洲虽然在战斗机整体设计和发动机供应上可以自主，但是在航空电子领域对美国的依赖程度却非常高，尤其是机载计算机、相控阵雷达器件，以及电子战系统，有大量器件要从美国进口。而且美国的第三代战斗机在很多场景下，与欧洲两风有竞争关系。印度的多用途战斗机选型就是一个典型的例子。
中国和俄罗斯之间却没有这个问题。中俄在陆军装备出口市场上存在着竞争关系。但是在战斗机市场上，中国出口的两种战斗机都是单发轻型机。而俄罗斯出口的都是双发重型或者中型机。因此，虽然歼-10和枭龙都需要选用俄罗斯的发动机，却很难形成竞争。
伊朗显然没有机会购买美欧阵营的战斗机，那么要想更新老旧的战斗机群，中国与俄罗斯阵营就是唯一选择。歼-10和苏-30都属于高端战斗机，拥有较强的超视距空战、视距内空战和格斗能力，还具备不可小看的多用途能力，可以用制导武器实施对地攻击。无论中国和俄罗斯，都为这两种型号配备了多种型号的空对空弹药和空对地弹药，中国的闪电10还是国际市场上为数不多的先进雷达制导空对空导弹之一。而且，这两种飞机的雷达航电系统都是中、俄自行研制和供应的，完全不受西方制约。这才是最大的卖点。而“枭龙”的档次毕竟比歼-10低一些，未必符合伊朗的期望值。
按理说，坐拥F-22和F-35两种四代机的美国并不应该担心伊朗买了什么型号的三代机。然而考虑到波斯湾地区的政治现实和军事力量对比，事情没有那么简单。
[苏尔坦王子空军基地的美军F-15C]
美国在波斯湾地区的空中优势，是依靠美国驻军本身和以色列空军、海湾合作委员会空军、土耳其空军联合支撑的。这里唯一拥有四代机的就是以色列。多年来，美国在这里部署了销售了多种变体的F-15和F-16。对于没有三代机的伊朗来说，已经足够形成空中优势了。（伊朗的F-14因为失去后勤供应，很难认为是可以作战的型号）。
负责波斯湾的美国中央司令部只有7个飞行联队，其中332联队装备有F-15，455联队装备有F-16，380联队战斗机实力最强，装备有F-35和F-16。在各种侦察、指挥、电子战飞机的支援下，压制伊朗空中力量毫无难度。
但是，如果伊朗采购歼-10和苏-30，局面就完全改观了。这两种飞机虽然依然属于三代机，但出现的年代比较晚，在雷达电子系统和武器系统方面具有很显著的优势，虽然不是四代机的对手，但是可以有效克制波斯湾地区现存的各类美制三代机和沙特等国的“台风”，取得制空权。无论美军还是以色列的F-35数量都不足，无法起到绝对压制的作用。
伊朗是波斯湾大国，拥有庞大人口和不可小视的工业基础。如果没有美军及其制空权的存在，海湾合作委员会的全部军力加在一起，哪怕再加上一个土耳其，也未必能克制伊朗。如果伊朗具有了夺取制空权的手段，那么美国精心设计和打造的波斯湾政治秩序就面临着崩溃的危险。美国也可选择把一定数量的F-22部署到波斯湾来平衡局面。但是美军一共也没有多少F-22，摔一架少一架。有限的F-22还要拿来直接面对中、俄，哪里有富余给伊朗？蓬佩奥跳出来坚决反对，也是可以理解的。
[印度空军的苏-30]
但是无论从那个角度来说，如果伊朗决心向中、俄采购战斗机并且成交，美国都没有任何办法加以阻止。对伊朗的武器禁运即将到期。战斗机从中、俄前往伊朗，也不需要经过美国控制的空域。
所以，蓬佩奥的发言听起来怎么都不像是威胁，更像是给伊朗推荐解决方案。
或许再过一些年，当蓬佩奥彻底退出政界之后，会自己跑到成都飞机公司门口索要代言费呢？对于一个公然声称“我们撒谎、我们欺骗、我们偷窃。我们还有一门课程专门来教这些。这才是美国不断探索进取的荣耀。”的人来说，他未必做不出来。
关键字 : 伊朗蓬佩奥歼-10
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解放军电磁步枪亮相：造型科幻 子弹更细更长(图)
解放军电磁步枪亮相：造型科幻 子弹更细更长(图)
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来源：军武次位面
很多玩过《星际争霸》的网友，恐怕都会对里面人族步兵所使用的高斯步枪有深刻印象。
高斯步枪是以电磁加速轨道为动力，发射金属弹药的一类步枪，能够以超音速发射金属刺钉子弹，这种弹药天生就是为了撕开敌人的外壳而存在的，可以对重装坦克造成伤害。
▲GTA5 中的高斯能量步枪轻松打爆坦克
不过这种步枪只存在于游戏当中。但是如果小二告诉你这种步枪已经在中国出现并出现在解放军手中，你会不会很惊讶呢？
▲视频中亮相的外形科幻电磁枪
近日，八一军视网发布了一则视频，视频中几名战士手持电磁步枪和电磁手枪，分别进行了气球、多层木板和钢板的射击实验，威力惊人。
▲这剪辑颇有大片感
顾名思义，电磁枪采用线圈通电方式发射弹丸，它与传统枪械将火药燃气压力作用于弹丸不同，电磁枪主要是利用电磁场产生的力来对金属炮弹进行加速，使其达到打击目标所需的动能。
▲电磁场力的直观表现
这种原理其实很早就出现了，早在19世纪，英国科学家法拉第就发现，磁场中的导线在通电时会受到一个力的推动，这就是洛仑兹力。而如果让导线切割磁力线，导线上也会产生电流。
有人用这个原理发明了电动机和发电机。而有人突然脑洞大开，能不能利用洛仑兹力发射枪弹呢？能！1845年，查尔斯·惠斯通制作出了世界第一台磁阻直流电动机，并用它把金属棒抛射到20米远。
▲惠斯通8岁通晓各种乐器15岁自己写歌，是一个文艺范科学家
奈何第一个搞出原始版电磁枪的惠斯通却淹没于历史长河，1901年，挪威奥斯陆大学物理学教授伯克兰正式提出电磁发射/电磁炮概念，并获得了“电火炮”专利（这个故事告诉我们，有了脑洞一定要抢先注册专利！）。
一战和二战期间，在战场需求的刺激下，各国都开始过电磁枪炮的研究，比如德国的汉斯莱曾将弹丸用电磁炮加速到1.2公里/秒的初速。战后，这些技术资料也被搬到了美国。
▲汉斯莱的电磁炮
从二战到现在，各国都没有停止电磁枪械的研究，美国的口径90毫米、炮口动能9兆焦的电磁炮样炮开始靶场试验，而中国更是略胜一筹，已经开始了电磁炮的舰载实验。
▲美国的电磁炮
电磁炮都有了，那么采用同样原理的电磁枪为什么迟迟不见出来呢？其实这是有原因的。
目前主流的电磁枪炮技术路线主要是两种，一种是Railgun轨道式，一种是Coilgun线圈式。这两种都是利用电磁原理的抛射器，不过具体技术有些不同。轨道式的弹药需要接触通电导轨形成回路，所以先决条件是弹药的部分为导电体，而线圈式的弹药则需要是磁体。
▲轨道式发射原理
▲线圈式发射原理
但不论是轨道式还是线圈式，都面临一个问题：需要电，而且不是普通的电，是超短时间大电流放电技术。通过洛仑磁力研究我们知道，要想提高初速，要么增长电磁轨道（显然没人愿意背一把几米长的枪），要么加大电磁力。电磁力越大，意味着所需要的电流也越大，这就需要大容量电池，毕竟没人愿意背着一台发电机上战场。
▲变形金刚里面要靠驱逐舰来给电磁轨道炮供电
除了需要有巨大的电力供应，还要求有精密的电路设计，毕竟要想加大电流，只能用若干个电源并联，并联的越多，电流越大。但大电流往往又容易烧毁电缆，而且散热始终是个大问题，因此各种配套的优化电路和冷却装置是非常必要的。
▲电磁炮研制车间，可见其复杂程度
因此目前面世的电磁炮，往往体积巨大，只能安装在地面来实验，就算中国的电磁炮已经上舰，也只是上了一艘登陆舰，小型舰只是无法满足电磁炮的能源需求和设备需求的。
▲就算在军舰上国产电磁炮仍然显得硕大无比
这种尴尬的情况也就决定了如果把电磁发射武器单兵化，首先要解决的还是电池问题，在电池技术没有突破的今天，是不太可能出现实用化电磁枪的。
如果不考虑电池容量，只为了验证性能，能否造出一支电磁枪来呢？答案当然是可以。首先，电磁枪只需要电路，像枪机、抽壳钩抛壳挺、导气装置等等已经上百年的设计统统可以扔掉，上膛-闭锁-击发-解锁-抛壳这种已经运用了上百年的原理也可以抛弃，我们只需要一个电池、一个线圈，一个供弹机构、一个控制电路，一支枪的外壳就够了。毕竟我们只需要验证是否可行，电池耐久度、散热性能、耐恶劣环境性能都不用考虑。
▲这种小实验我们自己就可以搞
这种尝试，美国其实已经有过电磁产品了。美国两个大学生成立了“ARCFLASH”实验室，推出了EMG-01A型电磁枪。
▲EMG-01A型电磁枪实弹射击动图
EMG-01A枪口初速达到45米/秒，枪口动能为4.65焦耳，能够进行全自动发射，射速达每秒4发。该枪使用0.25×0.75的销钉子弹，弹夹容量为9发子弹，整枪重量约为3公斤，充一次电可射击100发。
▲EMG-01A部件详解
此次亮相的解放军电磁枪，其实应该也就是一种和EMG-01A类似的“验证”枪，它是陆军勤务学院的几个学员自己捣鼓出来的。从外观来看，手枪采用了传统结构，步枪采用了无托结构，外壳应该是3D打印的，使用若干级IGBT模块开关作为电磁驱动动力。
▲此次亮相的电磁枪
枪的顶部能够安装皮卡汀尼导轨，用于安装红点瞄具，从视频中的精度射击来看，精度颇为不俗。
▲精度测试
另外，电磁子弹虽然不用火药，体积会变小，但电磁枪本身并不适合设计膛线，为了稳定飞行姿态，防止子弹出膛百米就开始玩布朗运动，需要加大子弹的长径比，让子弹变得细长。从视频中的装弹动作来看，国产电磁枪的子弹明显比传统子弹弹头更细更长。
▲子弹是长钉弹
国产电磁枪的威力也非常不俗，从测试情况看，可以轻松击穿几层木板和一层钢板，威力显然远远大于EMG-01A只能穿透铝板的威力，相信如果更换大电池，加长枪支，会得到更好的穿甲效果。
▲木板穿透
▲钢板穿透
从现在来看，电磁步枪相比传统步枪还有较大差距，但就像蒸汽机火车一开始发明时跑不过骏马一样，每一种发明在初期都会有很多不足，因此要给电磁枪一定的发展时间，说不定未来的QBZ47式步枪真的会是国产的“高斯步枪”了呢。
▲火车一开始虽然慢，但它代表着未来
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关键字 : 解放军
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Why did Pompeo object to Iran buying J-10? Will threaten US order in the Persian Gulf
Why did Pompeo object to Iran buying J-10? Will threaten US order in the Persian Gulf
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On June 24, US Secretary of State Pompeo suddenly posted on Twitter that "If the UN arms embargo on Iran expires in October, Iran will be able to purchase new fighter jets similar to the Russian Su-30 and the Chinese J-10. This is a very lethal plane. Europe and Asia will be in Iran’s sights. The United States will never allow this to happen."
[Pompeo's combat range of J-10 and Su-30]
As Secretary of State of the United States, Pompeo has always held an anti-China and anti-Russia stance, and Iran has always been a thorn in the eyes of the United States, so it is reasonable for Pompeo to stand up against Iran’s import of advanced fighter jets from China or Russia. However, as a top diplomatic mission of the US government and a diplomatic mission with great influence in the international community, it is very rare to name a specific weapon or equipment. People have to suspect that he has the intention of "live streaming".
[Chinese J-10]
In fact, this is not the first time that senior US government officials have "lived and brought goods" for Chinese companies. In recent years, from Trump and Navarro to U.S. officials at all levels, they have been "live streaming goods" for companies such as Huawei, DJI, and ZTE. These private enterprises registered in Yuehai Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen are famous. The only enterprise in the world that can't be beaten by the whole country, how much money is spent on advertising is more effective.
Now it is the turn of China's defense industry and the famous China Chengdu Aircraft Industry Corporation.
Why did Pompeo choose two fighter jets, J-10 and Su-30, to bring the cargo. It is because these two models are really not under the control of the US government and cannot even interfere.
There are four main fighter supply systems in today's world. The first is of course the United States, with F-35, F-16, F-15, F-18 forming the product matrix. The other is Europe, which mainly introduces the "two winds" of gust and gust. The third is the supply of traditional fighters to Russia, led by the Su-57, and the Su 35, Su-30, MiG-29 and other series have formed a supply system. The last is of course an emerging supplier. The spot fighter products that can be delivered include the J-10 and Xiaolong models.
In fact, these 4 suppliers can be simply divided into two camps. The United States and Europe are one camp, and China and Russia are one camp. The composition of the US-Europe camp is largely unwilling. Although Europe can be autonomous in the overall design of the fighter and the supply of engines, it relies heavily on the United States in the field of avionics, especially onboard computers and phase control. Array radar devices and electronic warfare systems have a large number of devices to be imported from the United States. Moreover, in many scenarios, the third generation fighter of the United States has a competitive relationship with the two European styles. The selection of multi-purpose fighters in India is a typical example.
There is no such problem between China and Russia. China and Russia have a competitive relationship in the army equipment export market. However, in the fighter market, the two fighters exported by China are single-engine light aircraft. The Russian exports are double-engine heavy or medium-sized machines. Therefore, although both J-10 and Xiaolong need to use Russian engines, it is difficult to form a competition.
Iran obviously has no opportunity to buy fighters from the US and European camps. So to update the old fighter fleet, the Chinese and Russian camps are the only choice. Both the J-10 and Su-30 are high-end fighters. They have strong over-the-horizon air combat, line-of-sight air combat, and fighting capabilities. They also have a multi-purpose capability that cannot be underestimated. They can use guided weapons to carry out ground attacks. Both China and Russia are equipped with various types of air-to-air ammunition and air-to-ground ammunition for these two models. China's Lightning 10 is also one of the few advanced radar-guided air-to-air missiles on the international market. Moreover, the radar avionics systems of these two types of aircraft are developed and supplied by China and Russia, and are not subject to Western restrictions. This is the biggest selling point. The "Fierce Dragon" grade is lower than the J-10 after all, and may not meet Iran's expectations.
It stands to reason that the United States, which has two generations of F-22 and F-35, should not worry about what type of three-generation aircraft Iran bought. However, considering the comparison of political reality and military power in the Persian Gulf, things are not that simple.
[US F-15C at Prince Sultan Air Force Base]
The air superiority of the United States in the Persian Gulf is supported by the U.S. garrison itself, the Israeli Air Force, the Gulf Cooperation Council Air Force, and the Turkish Air Force. The only four-generation machine here is Israel. Over the years, the United States has deployed F-15 and F-16, which have sold multiple variants. For Iran without three generations of aircraft, it is enough to form an air superiority. (Iran’s F-14 is difficult to think of as a combatable model due to the loss of logistics supplies).
The U.S. Central Command in charge of the Persian Gulf has only seven flying wing groups, of which 332 wing is equipped with F-15, 455 wing is equipped with F-16, 380 wing is the strongest fighter, equipped with F-35 and F- 16. With the support of various reconnaissance, command, and electronic warfare aircraft, there is no difficulty in suppressing Iranian air power.
However, if Iran buys J-10 and Su-30, the situation will be completely changed. Although these two aircraft still belong to the third-generation aircraft, they appeared relatively late, and they have significant advantages in radar electronic systems and weapon systems. Although they are not opponents of the fourth-generation aircraft, they can effectively restrain the existing types of the Persian Gulf region. The US-made three-generation aircraft and the "typhoon" of Saudi Arabia and other countries have obtained air control rights. Neither the U.S. military nor Israel has enough F-35s to play a role of absolute suppression.
Iran is a large country in the Persian Gulf, with a large population and an industrial base that cannot be underestimated. Without the existence of the US military and its air dominance, the entire military strength of the Gulf Cooperation Council, even with the addition of a Turkey, may not be able to restrain Iran. If Iran has the means to seize air supremacy, then the carefully designed and built Persian Gulf political order is in danger of collapse. The United States can also choose to deploy a certain number of F-22s to the Persian Gulf to balance the situation. But the U.S. military didn't have many F-22s, and one fell short. The limited F-22 still has to face China and Russia directly. Where is the surplus for Iran? It is understandable that Pompeo jumped out and firmly opposed.
[Su-30 of the Indian Air Force]
However, from that perspective, if Iran is determined to purchase fighter jets from China and Russia and trade, the US will have no way to stop it. The arms embargo on Iran is about to expire. Fighters from China and Russia to Iran do not need to pass through the airspace controlled by the United States.
So, Pompeo's speech does not sound like a threat, but more like recommending a solution to Iran.
Maybe in a few years, when Pompeo completely withdraws from politics, he will go to the door of Chengdu Aircraft Company and ask for endorsement fees? For someone who publicly claims "we lie, we cheat, we steal. We have a course dedicated to teaching these. This is the glory of America's continuous exploration and progress." He may not be able to do it.
Keyword: Iran Pompeo J-10
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https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/china/2020-06-29/doc-iircuyvk0964587.shtml
People's Liberation Army Electromagnetic Rifle Appears: Modeling Sci-Fi Bullets Thinner and Longer (Picture)
People's Liberation Army Electromagnetic Rifle Appears: Modeling Sci-Fi Bullets Thinner and Longer (Picture)
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Source: Military Martial Plane
Many netizens who have played "StarCraft" are probably impressed by the Gaussian rifles used by the Terran infantry.
The Gauss rifle is a type of rifle that launches metal ammunition powered by electromagnetic acceleration orbits. It can fire metal spiked bullets at supersonic speed. This kind of ammunition is designed to tear open the enemy's shell and can cause damage to heavy tanks. .
▲The Gaussian energy rifle in GTA5 easily exploded the tank
However, this rifle only exists in the game. But wouldn’t you be surprised if Xiao Er told you that such a rifle had already appeared in China and appeared in the hands of the People’s Liberation Army?
▲The appearance of the science fiction electromagnetic gun in the video
Recently, the Bayi Military Television Network released a video in which several soldiers held electromagnetic rifles and electromagnetic pistols and conducted shooting experiments of balloons, multi-layer wooden boards and steel plates, respectively.
▲This clip is quite big
As the name implies, the electromagnetic gun uses a coil to energize the projectile. It is different from the traditional guns that apply the pressure of gunpowder gas to the projectile. The electromagnetic gun mainly uses the force generated by the electromagnetic field to accelerate the metal cannonball to achieve the kinetic energy required to strike the target.
▲Intuitive performance of electromagnetic field force
This principle actually appeared very early. As early as the 19th century, British scientist Faraday discovered that the wires in the magnetic field will be pushed by a force when energized. This is the Lorentz force. And if you let the wire cut the magnetic force line, current will also be generated on the wire.
Someone invented the motor and generator using this principle. And someone suddenly opened his brain, can he use Lorentz force to fire a bullet? can! In 1845, Charles Wheatstone produced the world's first reluctance DC motor and used it to project a metal rod 20 meters away.
▲Wheatstone is 8 years old and knows all kinds of musical instruments.
However, the first Wheatstone to produce the original electromagnetic gun was drowned in history. In 1901, Berkland, a professor of physics at the University of Oslo in Norway, officially proposed the concept of electromagnetic emission/electromagnetic gun and obtained the patent of "electric gun" ( This story tells us that we must be the first to register a patent if we have a brain hole!).
During World War I and World War II, stimulated by the needs of the battlefield, all countries began to study electromagnetic guns. For example, Hansley of Germany once accelerated the projectile to an initial speed of 1.2 km/s with an electromagnetic gun. After the war, these technical materials were also moved to the United States.
▲ Hansley's electromagnetic gun
From World War II to the present, all countries have not stopped the research of electromagnetic guns. The United States has a 90 mm caliber and 9 megajoule muzzle kinetic energy electromagnetic cannon-like artillery. The range test has begun, while China is slightly better, and has begun to ship electromagnetic guns. Set experiments.
▲ American electromagnetic gun
There are all electromagnetic guns, so why don't the electromagnetic guns using the same principle come out? In fact, there is a reason.
At present, there are two main technical routes for electromagnetic guns, one is Railgun rail type, and the other is Coilgun coil type. Both of these are ejectors that use electromagnetic principles, but the specific technology is somewhat different. Rail-type ammunition needs to contact a live rail to form a loop, so the prerequisite is that the part of the ammunition is a conductor, and the coil-type ammunition needs to be a magnet.
▲Orbital launch principle
▲Principle of coil launch
But whether it is a rail type or a coil type, there is a problem: electricity is needed, and it is not ordinary electricity. It is an ultra-short time high current discharge technology. Through Lorent magnetic research, we know that to increase the initial velocity, either increase the electromagnetic orbit (obviously no one wants to carry a gun that is a few meters long) or increase the electromagnetic force. The greater the electromagnetic force, the greater the current required. This requires a large-capacity battery. After all, no one wants to carry a generator on the battlefield.
▲Transformers rely on destroyers to power the electromagnetic railgun
In addition to the huge power supply, it also requires sophisticated circuit design. After all, to increase the current, you can only use several power supplies in parallel. The more parallel, the greater the current. However, the high current is often easy to burn the cable, and heat dissipation is always a big problem, so various supporting optimized circuits and cooling devices are very necessary.
▲Electromagnetic gun development workshop, showing its complexity
Therefore, the electromagnetic guns currently available are often huge and can only be installed on the ground for experimentation. Even if China's electromagnetic guns are already on board, they are only a landing ship, and small ships cannot meet the energy and equipment needs of electromagnetic guns. of.
▲ Even if the domestic electromagnetic gun on the warship still looks very huge
This embarrassing situation also determines that if the electromagnetic launching weapon is made into a soldier, the first thing to solve is the battery problem. Today, there is no breakthrough in battery technology, and it is unlikely that a practical electromagnetic gun will appear.
If you do not consider the battery capacity, just to verify the performance, can you build an electromagnetic gun? The answer is of course yes. First of all, the electromagnetic gun only needs electrical circuits, such as guns, shelling hooks, shells, air guides, etc., which have been designed for hundreds of years. All can be thrown away. Loading, blocking, firing, unlocking, and shelling have been used. The centuries-old principle can also be discarded. We only need a battery, a coil, a feeding mechanism, a control circuit, and the shell of a gun is enough. After all, we only need to verify whether it is feasible, and battery durability, heat dissipation performance, and harsh environment performance are not considered.
▲We can do this kind of small experiment ourselves
In this attempt, the United States has already had electromagnetic products. Two American college students set up the "ARCFLASH" laboratory and launched the EMG-01A electromagnetic gun.
▲ EMG-01A electromagnetic gun live ammunition shooting motion picture
The muzzle velocity of the EMG-01A muzzle reaches 45 meters per second, the muzzle kinetic energy is 4.65 joules, and it can be fully automatic, with a rate of fire of 4 rounds per second. The gun uses 0.25 × 0.75 pin bullets, the cartridge capacity is 9 rounds, the whole gun weighs about 3 kg, and can charge 100 rounds on a single charge.
▲Detailed explanation of EMG-01A components
The PLA electromagnetic gun that appeared this time is actually a kind of "verified" gun similar to the EMG-01A. It was created by several students of the Army Service Academy. From the appearance point of view, the pistol uses a traditional structure, the rifle uses a non-supporting structure, the shell should be 3D printed, using several levels of IGBT module switches as electromagnetic driving power.
▲This debut
Putin teases new arms: Lasers & hypersonic missiles in service, but ‘that’s not all’ 
