So when the blind dream, what do they see? Remember, they have no images in their brain.
but some blind people do have dreams. However, those blind since birth or very early childhood have no visual imagery in their dreams. Instead, they experience a very high percentage of taste, smell, and touch sensations in their dreams.
The breakdown is as follows:
There are no visual images in the dreams of those born without any ability to experience visual imagery in waking life.
Individuals who become blind before the age of five seldom experience visual imagery in their dreams.
Those who become sightless between the ages of five and seven may or may not retain some visual imagery.
Most people who lost their vision after age seven continue to experience at least some visual imagery, although its frequency and clarity often fade with time.
Visual stimulus is necessary for the wiring of the brain centers that process and interpret vision. The way the brain works is to develop, early in life, a huge number of neural synapses (connection points between neurons that are used in cell-to-cell signalling). As you grow and learn, these synapses are pared away to make the brain function efficiently, and that's the central basis of long-term learning. However, if the brain or any part of it fails to get infromation from hard-wired inputs, then that part of the brain will atrophy (at best, fringe areas of a cortical region might be adopted by adjacent cortical regions for different processes). But the take-away message here is that the brain needs visual stimulus in order to devolp the cortical regions that process vision. In the use-it-or-lose-it sense, the brain will not waste energy building and maintaining processes that aren't used. The optical cortex would never know how to function as an optical cortex in a person born blind.