Putin wants Xijinping to help rebuild Syria.
http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/china/2018-09-02/doc-ihinpmnr7210484.shtml
中俄两场军演意义大不同 助解放军提升反恐作战效能
中俄两场军演意义大不同 助解放军提升反恐作战效能
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一眼望不到头：解放军装甲车队在俄集结参加军演1/11
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9月11日至15日，俄罗斯举行史无前例的联合演习，解放军这次也被邀请参加，现在大量的8X8轮式装甲车队前往演习区域。
[文/观察者网专栏作者 施洋]
本周，中俄两国之间的两场规模不小的军事演习都先后有了动静。先是解放军在上合组织框架内参加的“和平使命-2018”联合军事演习进行了实兵实弹演习部分，后是参加“东方-2018”战略演习的解放军部队通过铁路机动开进俄罗斯境内。在很短时间内中俄陆军部队的这种“走进”应该说是非常罕见的，此时的这种突然，背后自然有着世界关系的变化。
从战役展示到战略参与
当地时间8月29日，由中国、俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、印度、巴基斯坦、塔吉克斯坦等国联合参加的”和平使命-2018“联合反恐军事演习，在俄罗斯车里雅宾斯克州切巴尔库市第25综合训练场举行，包括700余名中国军人在内的3000多人的参演部队进行了联合反恐战役。
参与演习的解放军04A步兵战车部队
虽然说的是”反恐演习“，但是无论是参演的俄军也好，参演的解放军也好，出动的作战部队类型也好，看起来都并不是那么“反恐”。演习中各种轮式装甲车只能算是轻型装备，包括坦克、步兵战车、自行迫榴炮、自行加榴炮在内的的各种机械化重装备的出现则令这场反恐演习有了颇多“现代化战争”的意味。
俄军参演的轮式装甲车队，在演习中算是不起眼的“小家伙”
对上合组织演习而言，这种强度和规模并不算奇怪，此前多次上海合作组织演习中，以大规模机械化兵团为核心的地面集群对盘踞的“恐怖分子”展开最后突击都是常见的压轴科目，西方媒体总是拿这一点来指责上合演习“不单纯”，但从恐怖主义和极端主义在全世界的发展和当今世界安全形势来看，这种“大规模”的反恐战争反而正在成为我们当下反恐的一种重要形态。
99A主战坦克第一次公开亮相就是在和平使命-2014联合军演上
在十几年前“9·11”发生之后，美国军队全面进入阿富汗之际，“反恐战争”才作为一个新名词进入大家的视野，不过在最初的几年里，大家看到的更多的是美军逐屋逐间地搜剿恐怖分子，或者以班排级别的小分队与恐怖分子战斗；而随着2011年之后整个中东地区陷入了动荡与内战之中，使用机械化大兵团部队、在空中和海上力量支持下进行的大规模“反恐战争”逐渐成了这一时期的主要形态。
在阿富汗战争影响下，外界觉得反恐战争是这样的……
从形态上，在叙利亚和伊拉克发生的反恐战争有较大规模和大规模机械化部队参与，作战烈度也较一般的治安战要高得多；作战后果上，大规模的城市攻击作战将战区的大城市和居民点化为废墟，造成了大量的难民和人道主义灾难；而在战斗结果上，拥有装备和兵力优势的政府军不仅没有很快取得战役的胜利，反而要在付出巨大伤亡代价之后，才能取得有限的战役胜利……
从这个角度上说，大多数能进行大规模传统战争的军队以及具备一般治安战作战能力的军队，一开始都不能很好适应这类现代化战争的形态。
在叙利亚，反恐战争是这样的……
直到2018年，在经过7年的大规模反恐战争历练，接受大量俄军军事援助和训练，并且得到俄罗斯特种部队和空天军支援的叙利亚政府军，才在诸如东古塔战役、德拉战役等几次围剿大马士革近郊和南部武装分子的战役中打出不错的表现。
尽管这些战役的最后阶段，叙利亚政府军大多采用“无血开城”式地将敌对武装分子“礼送出境”的形式解决战斗，但整体上，这一时期的叙利亚政府军和俄军已经基本掌握了一套行之有效的反恐战法，能够在较短的时间里，以较小代价取得此类战斗胜利的战法。
直到最近，叙利亚政府军在几次大战役中的表现才开始有章有法
这也就是这次上合演习中所谓俄军向其他军队“传授叙利亚战场经验”的由来。对于参演的中国军队来说，解放军这次出动的一个以合成机械化步兵营为核心的作战部队，在装备的信息化程度和先进程度上，甚至有很多领域要优于参演的俄军部队，而俄军传授的这些叙利亚战场的经验，则能大大提升解放军在面对此类威胁情况下，执行相应战役的能力和战场效能。
作为叙利亚战争的参战国，俄罗斯的第一手经验还是很重要的
如果说上合演习的目的，在于让参演各国能够更好协调特定的战役进行方式，同时交流具体的战法的话，那么解放军参演“东方-2018”战略演习的意义，显然就远远不止在战役和战术层面。
看上合演习本身的意义，并不在于我军投入的装备有多好
对于俄军自身而言，“东方-2018”首要的意义，在于对俄罗斯东部地区作战部队战备情况进行检测，以及展示部队的应急动员能力。
按照俄罗斯国防部长绍伊古的介绍，此次演习涉及的部队总数高达30万人，动员的坦克装甲车辆总数达到数万辆，几乎涵盖了俄罗斯联邦整个东部地区的作战部队。如此规模的部队显然无法集中到某个演习场进行演习，也不可能全部进行高强度的实战化实兵实弹演习，而是挑选少量部队与中国、蒙古等国的参演部队一道进行演习，大多数部队则进行大规模的战备拉动检验。
俄军参加东方-2018演习的许多部队都借机要进行战备检验
从这一层面上说，“东方-2018”演习在很大程度上是一次俄罗斯东部军区的战备检验活动，只不过其形式是大规模的演习，这种做法好处是可以在短时间内检查暴露部队的缺陷和不足，同时又不需要部队一年到头处于高强度的战备和训练，从而避免了部队长期提升战备等级的高昂成本。
某种程度上说，这种大规模的演习性质与上世纪70年代我军进行的全军范围内大拉练有一些相似，都是试图以短时间强度较高的军事行动提升部队作战能力和动员能力的行为。只不过上世纪70年代处于文革时期的解放军军事技能水平更低，需要通过这类行动为基层指战员和部队进行基本的战术和战役技能培训，而俄罗斯目前的情况要好不少。由于其范围涉及到了整个东部地区，因此称其为“战略演习”并不为过。
对于俄军来说，大量平时缺乏训练的部队也能借着演习活动活动
至于解放军部队，在近年来实战化训练不断深入的情况下，部队的野外拉动和驻训已经从年度演习变成了常态化的状况，对于一年之中有大半年时间都在野外驻训的解放军来说，依靠演习来拉动部队已经是上世纪末期的“老皇历”了。
加上这次出境参演的部队使用的装备并非全部是我军的精锐武器，虽然其中不少对于俄军还有部分优势（比如99式坦克以及大八轮车族），另外一些却明显落后于俄军（比如同批出发的86式步兵战车），不难看出我军参演部队本身并没有很强的“对俄展示”的考虑，而更多是试图借此机会检验我军不同类型合成部队在远距离陌生地域投送和作战的情况。
对于解放军来说，99式主战坦克不算落后，但也并非最先进的装备了
不过尽管在战役层面上，“东方-2018”对于双方都属于正常演习的层次，但在战略设定上，此次演习还是有相当重要的标志意义的。“东方”系列演习在过去的很长一段时间里，都是以远东地区最强军事力量——中国军队作为假想敌的。尽管这在如今强调中俄友谊的中国民间看来有些荒谬，但对于上世纪末、本世纪初的俄罗斯来说，却是一种他们内心深处不安的表现。
上世纪90年代的俄罗斯军队，除了规模庞大，可能就没有别的优点了
在苏联解体之后的最初十几年里，军费短缺的俄军在全国范围内都出现了部队作战能力严重下滑的情况，而远东地区在这一时期又加上了人口流失和来自中国商品和劳动力的严重冲击，再考虑到俄军为了应对北约东扩的威胁，将仅有的资源都用于西部方向作战力量的加强上，使得这一时期的东部军事力量严重的下滑。
按照当时外界的推测，1995年以后的俄罗斯陆军在远东无法应对当时解放军沈阳军区的进攻，以至于俄罗斯国内一度出现了保卫远东必须先发制人使用核武器的论断，“东方”系列战略演习的举行，也正是俄军为了加强这一方向部队作战能力的措施之一。
上世纪90年代的俄军其实还有装备优势，但连俄国人自己都对远东可能的冲突不抱幻想
昔日的假想敌如今以演习伙伴的身份加入进来，无论对于中俄之间的哪一方，这都是有标志性意义的重大“战略转变”，从这个角度上看，称呼“东方-2018”演习为战略演习，也就实至名归了。至于演习究竟针对什么，进行了什么样的科目，中俄双方又各自从演习中收获了什么，这一切就要等到演习全面开始之后才能做进一步的分析了。
http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2018-09-02/doc-ihinpmnr7338052.shtml
中俄东方-2018军演开战在即 俄军一举动向北约示威
中俄东方-2018军演开战在即 俄军一举动向北约示威
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近30万军队，36000辆坦克和装甲战车，1000多架军机集结待命——被称为俄罗斯近40年来最大规模的东方-2018战略演习即将开始！不过，百忙之中的俄罗斯军方最近却干了一件看似很有礼貌的事，向北约所有29个成员国发出“盛情”邀请，希望他们派武官全程观摩演习。美国《军队时报》网站8月29日发表文章称，上一次出现类似事件，还是在1981年。
那一年，苏联举行了人类历史上最大规模军演——西方-81战略演习：华约组织出动50万大军，当着所有北约国家观察员的面，演示了8天横扫欧洲大陆的作战计划……
西方-81战略演习盛况。
美国《军队时报》和《防务新闻》等军事新闻网站不约而同地认为，俄罗斯这次广撒“英雄帖”，不是热情好客，而是示威，是恐吓！有几万辆坦克、战车，1000多架飞机配合的30万机械化军队，足以打赢一场类似斯大林格勒战役的战争。反观北约组织，虽然在苏联时代终结后进行了不遗余力的东扩，但全部29个成员国的军事力量却良莠不齐，“带头大哥”美国还时不时威胁自己的欧洲盟友要退群。
汉家兵马乘北风：中俄举行冷战后最大规模军演背后有何玄机1/23
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中国国防部8月20日表示，根据中俄双方达成的共识，中国军队将于8月中下旬至9月中旬赴俄罗斯参加俄军“东方－2018”战略演习。9月11日至15日双方将在俄罗斯后贝加尔边疆区楚戈尔训练场共同组织联合战役行动演练。俄罗斯军事记者吐槽国内某些说法“解放军抵俄武器，令俄罗斯羡慕”。本期《出鞘》我们不妨简述一下中俄陆军机械化部队主力装备情况到底如何。（查看完整内容搜索微信公众号：sinamilnews）
英国路透社报道称，北约发言人迪伦·怀特表示正密切关注东方-2018军演动态，并强调“演习要透明，要可预测。”对此，路透社不无讽刺地点评道，俄罗斯已经邀请所有北约国家派员全程观摩，还要怎么“透明和可预测”？
俄军装甲部队和运输机部队集结。
俄罗斯国防部长绍伊古大将对塔斯社表示，东方-2018军演“某些方面”会重复西方-81演习，但某些方面恐怕“规模要更大”。对比历史资料来看，西方-81演习苏军共出动了3600辆坦克和装甲战车，而此次演习，俄军调集的坦克和战车为36000辆，是37年前的10倍！不过，苏军在西方-81演习中还模拟发动了141次战术核打击，不知这次东方-2018军演在核武器的运用上会是什么情况。
从参演兵力编制来看，俄罗斯四大军区和四大舰队都会有一半力量参加东方-2018演习，包括中部军区、东部军区几乎所有演练场，以及太平洋舰队、北方舰队和空降兵部队。如果仅从全国军队动员比例来看，俄军在时隔4年之后举行的东方系列战略演习，几乎等于为新的“卫国战争”做准备。
俄罗斯太平洋舰队。
不过，演习规模再大，也难以掩饰俄罗斯军事力量的衰退。俄罗斯“深度观察”网站刊文称，37年前，苏军在西方-81演习中首次亮出秘密武器——最新服役的T-80坦克。苏军随后展示了钢铁洪流横扫欧洲的“可怕前景”，北约所有观察员对此目瞪口呆。而现在，俄军装备的T-72、T-90主战坦克，最新型号也是20年前的技术水平。
“深度观察”网站强调，俄陆军装备水平如此，空天军和海军也没好到哪里去。在美国等大国已普遍进入五代隐身机时代后，俄军却直到今年才有望接收2架“准五代机”苏-57。这种战机由于隐身性能、信息化能力等主要指标不达标，俄军在未来7年只准备采购区区12架。俄军方高层为此不得不一个劲的表示，有苏-35战机就够了，它是最好的战斗机……
俄军苏-35战机。
至于海军，俄罗斯自红海军解散后，就没能获得一艘新建造的导弹驱逐舰。第一款自行研制建造的主力战舰，还是在出口印度海军舰艇基础上改进而来的4000吨级护卫舰——11356型。
因此，俄媒普遍认为，俄军方邀请北约29个成员国观摩东方-2018军演，可能并非明智之举。因此这可能反而暴露俄军不断下降的真实实力。美国媒体的反应则截然相反，他们认为俄军试图通过此次演习，向美国和他的欧洲盟友表达这样的意思：不要再向俄罗斯边境逼近，这个大国仍是世界军事强国！（作者署名：百战刀）
Http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/china/2018-09-02/doc-ihinpmnr7210484.shtml
The significance of the two military exercises between China and Russia helps the PLA to enhance the effectiveness of anti-terrorism operations.
The significance of the two military exercises between China and Russia helps the PLA to enhance the effectiveness of anti-terrorism operations.
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At first glance, the armored team of the People’s Liberation Army gathered in Russia to participate in the military exercise 1/11.
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From September 11th to 15th, Russia held an unprecedented joint exercise. The PLA was also invited to participate this time. Now a large number of 8X8 wheeled armored teams are heading to the exercise area.
[Text / Observer Network columnist Shi Yang]
This week, two large-scale military exercises between China and Russia have been quiet. First, the "Peace Mission-2018" joint military exercise participated by the People's Liberation Army within the framework of the SCO organized a live-fire exercises. Later, the PLA troops participating in the "Oriental-2018" strategic exercise entered the territory of Russia through railway maneuvers. In a very short period of time, this "entry" of the Chinese and Russian army forces should be said to be very rare. At this time, this suddenness naturally has a change in world relations.
From campaign display to strategic participation
On August 29th, local time, the "Peace Mission-2018" joint anti-terrorism military exercise jointly participated by China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, India, Pakistan, Tajikistan and other countries, in Chebart, Chelyabinsk, Russia. The 25th comprehensive training ground of the city of Kuhe was held, and more than 3,000 participating troops including more than 700 Chinese soldiers conducted a joint anti-terrorism campaign.
The People's Liberation Army 04A Infantry Fighting Vehicles participating in the exercise participated in the exercise of the PLA 04A infantry fighting vehicle
Although it is said that "anti-terrorism exercises", but whether it is the Russian army participating in the show, the PLA or the type of combat troops deployed, it seems that it is not so "anti-terrorism." All kinds of wheeled armored vehicles in the exercise can only be regarded as light equipment. The emergence of various mechanized heavy equipment including tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, self-propelled howitzers, and self-propelled cannons has made this anti-terrorism exercise a lot. The meaning of "modern war."
The wheeled armored team that the Russian army participated in was an insignificant "little guy" in the exercise. The wheeled armored team of the Russian army participated in the exercise. It was an inconspicuous "little guy" in the exercise.
For the SCO exercise, this intensity and scale is not surprising. In the previous Shanghai Cooperation Organization exercise, the ground clusters with the large-scale mechanized corps as the core launched the final assault on the “terrorists”. The finale of the subject, the Western media always take this to accuse the Shanghe exercise of "not simple", but from the development of terrorism and extremism in the world and the security situation in today's world, this "massive" war on terrorism Instead, it is becoming an important form of our current counter-terrorism.
The first public appearance of the 99A main battle tank was the first public appearance of the 99A main battle tank in the Peace Mission-2014 Joint Military Exercise. It was on the Peace Mission-2014 Joint Military Exercise.
After the "9.11" occurred more than a decade ago, when the US military fully entered Afghanistan, the "war on terror" entered the field of vision as a new term, but in the first few years, everyone saw more It is the US military that searches for terrorists on a quarter-by-room basis, or fights terrorists with squad-level squads; and with the entire Middle East plunged into turmoil and civil war after 2011, using mechanized corps units, in the air and The large-scale "war on terror" under the support of maritime forces has gradually become the main form of this period.
Under the influence of the Afghan war, the outside world felt that the war on terrorism was like this... Under the influence of the Afghan war, the outside world felt that the war on terrorism was like this...
Formally, the war on terrorism in Syria and Iraq has a large-scale and large-scale mechanized force, and the combat intensity is much higher than the general security war; on the operational consequences, large-scale urban attack operations will be large in the theater. The city and the settlements have become ruins, causing a large number of refugees and humanitarian disasters. On the result of the battle, the government forces with the advantages of equipment and strength not only did not quickly win the battle, but after paying huge casualties. To achieve a limited battle victory...
From this perspective, most of the military capable of large-scale traditional warfare and the army with general warfare capabilities can not adapt well to the form of such modern warfare.
In Syria, the war on terror is like this... In Syria, the war on terror is like this...
Until 2018, after seven years of large-scale anti-terrorism war experience, a large number of Russian military assistance and training, and the Syrian government forces supported by the Russian Special Forces and the Air Force Army, were in battles such as the Battle of Dongguta and the Battle of Dera. After several rounds of fighting in the suburbs of Damascus and the southern militants, they performed well.
Despite the final stages of these campaigns, the Syrian government forces mostly used the "bloodless city" to resolve the battles of hostile militants in the form of "going out of the country", but overall, the Syrian government and Russian troops in this period have basically I have mastered a set of effective anti-terrorism tactics that can achieve such combat victory in a relatively short period of time at a lower cost.
Until recently, the performance of the Syrian government forces in several major battles began to have a rule. Until recently, the performance of the Syrian government forces in several major battles began to have a rule.
This is the origin of the so-called Russian military's "teaching the experience of the Syrian battlefield" to other military forces in this joint exercise. For the Chinese army participating in the show, the PLA’s combat troops, which are based on synthetic mechanized infantry battalions, are even better than the Russian troops participating in the informatization and advanced level of equipment. The experience of these Syrian battlefields taught by the Russian army can greatly enhance the PLA's ability to perform the corresponding campaigns and the effectiveness of the battlefield in the face of such threats.
As a participating country in the Syrian war, Russia’s first-hand experience is still very important as a participating country in the Syrian war. Russia’s first-hand experience is still very important.
If the purpose of the joint exercise is to enable the participating countries to better coordinate the specific ways of conducting the campaign and to exchange specific tactics, then the significance of the PLA’s participation in the "Oriental-2018" strategic exercise is obviously far more than At the battle and tactical levels.
The significance of seeing the exercise itself is not because of the significance of the equipment invested by our military, but also the significance of the equipment invested by our army.
For the Russian military itself, the primary significance of "Oriental-2018" is to test the combat readiness of combat troops in eastern Russia and demonstrate the emergency mobilization capabilities of the troops.
According to Russian Defense Minister Shoygu, the exercise involved a total of 300,000 troops and mobilized tanks and armored vehicles totaling tens of thousands of vehicles, covering almost all combat troops in the eastern part of the Russian Federation. It is obvious that troops of this size cannot concentrate on an exercise in an exercise field, and it is impossible to conduct high-intensity actual combat live-fire exercises. Instead, a small number of troops are selected to conduct exercises with participating troops from China and Mongolia. Most of the troops carried out large-scale combat read-and-pull inspections.
Many units of the Russian military participating in the East-2018 exercise took the opportunity to conduct war preparations. Many troops participating in the Eastern-2018 exercise took the opportunity to conduct a war preparation test.
From this level, the "Oriental-2018" exercise is largely a readiness test of the Russian military region in the east, but its form is a large-scale exercise. The advantage of this approach is that it can be inspected and exposed in a short time. The deficiencies and shortcomings of the troops, while at the same time do not require the troops to be in high-intensity readiness and training throughout the year, thus avoiding the high cost of the troops to increase the operational readiness level for a long time.
To some extent, the nature of this large-scale exercise is similar to that of the entire military in the 1970s, and it is trying to improve the combat capability and mobilization of military operations with short-term high-intensity military operations. The behavior of ability. However, the PLA’s military skills were lower during the Cultural Revolution in the 1970s. It is necessary to conduct basic tactical and operational skills training for grassroots commanders and troops through such actions, and Russia’s current situation is much better. Since its scope covers the entire eastern region, it is not an exaggeration to call it a “strategic exercise”.
For the Russian military, a large number of troops that are usually lacking in training can also use the exercise activities. For the Russian army, a large number of troops who usually lack training can also participate in exercise activities.
As for the PLA forces, in the context of the intensive training in recent years, the troops’ field pull and training have changed from an annual exercise to a normalized situation. For the majority of the year, they have been stationed in the field for more than half a year. For the People's Liberation Army, relying on exercises to pull troops is already the "old royal calendar" at the end of the last century.
In addition, the equipment used by the troops who entered the country is not all the elite weapons of our army. Although many of them have some advantages for the Russian army (such as the 99 tanks and the big eight-wheelers), others are obviously behind. In the Russian army (such as the 86-type infantry fighting vehicle that started in the same batch), it is not difficult to see that our military participating troops themselves do not have a strong "show to Russia" consideration, and more are trying to take this opportunity to test our army differently. Types of synthetic forces are sent and operated in distant and unfamiliar areas.
For the People's Liberation Army, the 99-type main battle tank is not backward, but it is not the most advanced equipment. For the PLA, the 99-type main battle tank is not backward, but it is not the most advanced equipment.
However, although at the operational level, "Oriental-2018" is a normal exercise level for both parties, the exercise is quite important in terms of strategic setting. For a long time in the past, the "Oriental" series of exercises have used the Chinese military, the strongest military force in the Far East, as an imaginary enemy. Although this seems ridiculous in today's Chinese folks who emphasize Sino-Russian friendship, it is a manifestation of their deep inner uneasiness for Russia at the end of the last century and at the beginning of this century.
In the 1990s, the Russian army, in addition to its large scale, may have no other advantages. The Russian army of the 1990s, in addition to its large scale, may have no other advantages.
In the first ten years after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian military, which suffered from a shortage of military supplies, experienced a serious decline in the combat capability of the troops throughout the country. In the Far East, population loss and the supply of goods and labor from China were added during this period. The serious impact, taking into account the Russian military in order to cope with the threat of NATO's eastward expansion, the only resources used to strengthen the combat forces in the west, making the eastern military power of this period seriously decline.
According to speculation at the time, the Russian army after 1995 could not cope with the attack of the Shenyang Military Region of the People's Liberation Army in the Far East, so that there was an assertion in Russia that defending the Far East must first use human weapons. The "Oriental" series of strategic exercises was also held. It is one of the measures taken by the Russian military to strengthen the combat capability of the troops in this direction.
The Russian army in the 1990s actually had the advantage of equipment, but even the Russians themselves had no illusions about the possible conflicts in the Far East.
The former imaginary enemy has now joined as a practice partner. This is a significant "strategic change" for both sides of China and Russia. From this perspective, the "Oriental-2018" exercise is The strategic exercise is also deserved. As for what the exercise is aimed at, what kind of subjects have been carried out, and what both China and Russia have gained from the exercise, all this will have to wait until the exercise is fully started before further analysis can be done.
Http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2018-09-02/doc-ihinpmnr7338052.shtml
The Sino-Russian East-2018 military exercise is about to begin. The Russian army is demonstrating to NATO in one move.
The Sino-Russian East-2018 military exercise is about to begin. The Russian army is demonstrating to NATO in one move.
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Nearly 300,000 troops, 36,000 tanks and armored combat vehicles, more than 1,000 military aircraft are on standby - known as Russia's largest East-2018 strategic exercise in the past 40 years is about to begin! However, the busy Russian military has recently done a seemingly polite thing, and issued a "well-hearted" invitation to all 29 member states of NATO, hoping that they will send military officers to observe the exercise. The US Army Times website published an article on August 29, saying that the last time a similar incident occurred, it was still in 1981.
That year, the Soviet Union held the largest military exercise in human history - the Western-81 strategic exercise: the Huayue organization dispatched 500,000 troops, in front of all NATO observers, demonstrated the eight-day battle plan to sweep across the European continent... ...
Western-81 strategic exercise.
Military news websites such as the US Army Times and Defense News have agreed that Russia’s "heroes" are not hospitable, but demonstrations, intimidation! There are tens of thousands of tanks, chariots, and more than 1,000 aircraft with 300,000 mechanized troops, enough to win a war like the Battle of Stalingrad. On the other hand, NATO, although it has spared no effort to expand eastward after the end of the Soviet era, but the military strength of all 29 member states is mixed. The "big brother" of the United States also threatens to retreat from its European allies from time to time.
The Han family's horses and horses take the north wind: China and Russia hold the mysterious machine behind the largest military exercise after the Cold War.
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The Chinese Ministry of National Defense said on August 20 that according to the consensus reached between China and Russia, the Chinese military will go to Russia to participate in the Russian military "Oriental-2018" strategic exercise from mid-August to mid-September. From September 11th to 15th, the two sides will jointly organize joint campaign operations in the post-Baikal Territory of Russia. Russian military reporters spit out some domestic sayings that "the PLA has arrived in Russia and has envied Russia." In this issue of "Sheathing", we may wish to briefly describe the situation of the main equipment of the Chinese and Russian Army Mechanized Forces. (View full content search WeChat public number: sinamilnews)
http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/china/2018-09-02/doc-ihinpmnr7210484.shtml
中俄两场军演意义大不同 助解放军提升反恐作战效能
中俄两场军演意义大不同 助解放军提升反恐作战效能
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一眼望不到头：解放军装甲车队在俄集结参加军演1/11
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9月11日至15日，俄罗斯举行史无前例的联合演习，解放军这次也被邀请参加，现在大量的8X8轮式装甲车队前往演习区域。
[文/观察者网专栏作者 施洋]
本周，中俄两国之间的两场规模不小的军事演习都先后有了动静。先是解放军在上合组织框架内参加的“和平使命-2018”联合军事演习进行了实兵实弹演习部分，后是参加“东方-2018”战略演习的解放军部队通过铁路机动开进俄罗斯境内。在很短时间内中俄陆军部队的这种“走进”应该说是非常罕见的，此时的这种突然，背后自然有着世界关系的变化。
从战役展示到战略参与
当地时间8月29日，由中国、俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、印度、巴基斯坦、塔吉克斯坦等国联合参加的”和平使命-2018“联合反恐军事演习，在俄罗斯车里雅宾斯克州切巴尔库市第25综合训练场举行，包括700余名中国军人在内的3000多人的参演部队进行了联合反恐战役。
虽然说的是”反恐演习“，但是无论是参演的俄军也好，参演的解放军也好，出动的作战部队类型也好，看起来都并不是那么“反恐”。演习中各种轮式装甲车只能算是轻型装备，包括坦克、步兵战车、自行迫榴炮、自行加榴炮在内的的各种机械化重装备的出现则令这场反恐演习有了颇多“现代化战争”的意味。
对上合组织演习而言，这种强度和规模并不算奇怪，此前多次上海合作组织演习中，以大规模机械化兵团为核心的地面集群对盘踞的“恐怖分子”展开最后突击都是常见的压轴科目，西方媒体总是拿这一点来指责上合演习“不单纯”，但从恐怖主义和极端主义在全世界的发展和当今世界安全形势来看，这种“大规模”的反恐战争反而正在成为我们当下反恐的一种重要形态。
在十几年前“9·11”发生之后，美国军队全面进入阿富汗之际，“反恐战争”才作为一个新名词进入大家的视野，不过在最初的几年里，大家看到的更多的是美军逐屋逐间地搜剿恐怖分子，或者以班排级别的小分队与恐怖分子战斗；而随着2011年之后整个中东地区陷入了动荡与内战之中，使用机械化大兵团部队、在空中和海上力量支持下进行的大规模“反恐战争”逐渐成了这一时期的主要形态。
从形态上，在叙利亚和伊拉克发生的反恐战争有较大规模和大规模机械化部队参与，作战烈度也较一般的治安战要高得多；作战后果上，大规模的城市攻击作战将战区的大城市和居民点化为废墟，造成了大量的难民和人道主义灾难；而在战斗结果上，拥有装备和兵力优势的政府军不仅没有很快取得战役的胜利，反而要在付出巨大伤亡代价之后，才能取得有限的战役胜利……
从这个角度上说，大多数能进行大规模传统战争的军队以及具备一般治安战作战能力的军队，一开始都不能很好适应这类现代化战争的形态。
直到2018年，在经过7年的大规模反恐战争历练，接受大量俄军军事援助和训练，并且得到俄罗斯特种部队和空天军支援的叙利亚政府军，才在诸如东古塔战役、德拉战役等几次围剿大马士革近郊和南部武装分子的战役中打出不错的表现。
尽管这些战役的最后阶段，叙利亚政府军大多采用“无血开城”式地将敌对武装分子“礼送出境”的形式解决战斗，但整体上，这一时期的叙利亚政府军和俄军已经基本掌握了一套行之有效的反恐战法，能够在较短的时间里，以较小代价取得此类战斗胜利的战法。
这也就是这次上合演习中所谓俄军向其他军队“传授叙利亚战场经验”的由来。对于参演的中国军队来说，解放军这次出动的一个以合成机械化步兵营为核心的作战部队，在装备的信息化程度和先进程度上，甚至有很多领域要优于参演的俄军部队，而俄军传授的这些叙利亚战场的经验，则能大大提升解放军在面对此类威胁情况下，执行相应战役的能力和战场效能。
如果说上合演习的目的，在于让参演各国能够更好协调特定的战役进行方式，同时交流具体的战法的话，那么解放军参演“东方-2018”战略演习的意义，显然就远远不止在战役和战术层面。
对于俄军自身而言，“东方-2018”首要的意义，在于对俄罗斯东部地区作战部队战备情况进行检测，以及展示部队的应急动员能力。
按照俄罗斯国防部长绍伊古的介绍，此次演习涉及的部队总数高达30万人，动员的坦克装甲车辆总数达到数万辆，几乎涵盖了俄罗斯联邦整个东部地区的作战部队。如此规模的部队显然无法集中到某个演习场进行演习，也不可能全部进行高强度的实战化实兵实弹演习，而是挑选少量部队与中国、蒙古等国的参演部队一道进行演习，大多数部队则进行大规模的战备拉动检验。
从这一层面上说，“东方-2018”演习在很大程度上是一次俄罗斯东部军区的战备检验活动，只不过其形式是大规模的演习，这种做法好处是可以在短时间内检查暴露部队的缺陷和不足，同时又不需要部队一年到头处于高强度的战备和训练，从而避免了部队长期提升战备等级的高昂成本。
某种程度上说，这种大规模的演习性质与上世纪70年代我军进行的全军范围内大拉练有一些相似，都是试图以短时间强度较高的军事行动提升部队作战能力和动员能力的行为。只不过上世纪70年代处于文革时期的解放军军事技能水平更低，需要通过这类行动为基层指战员和部队进行基本的战术和战役技能培训，而俄罗斯目前的情况要好不少。由于其范围涉及到了整个东部地区，因此称其为“战略演习”并不为过。
至于解放军部队，在近年来实战化训练不断深入的情况下，部队的野外拉动和驻训已经从年度演习变成了常态化的状况，对于一年之中有大半年时间都在野外驻训的解放军来说，依靠演习来拉动部队已经是上世纪末期的“老皇历”了。
加上这次出境参演的部队使用的装备并非全部是我军的精锐武器，虽然其中不少对于俄军还有部分优势（比如99式坦克以及大八轮车族），另外一些却明显落后于俄军（比如同批出发的86式步兵战车），不难看出我军参演部队本身并没有很强的“对俄展示”的考虑，而更多是试图借此机会检验我军不同类型合成部队在远距离陌生地域投送和作战的情况。
不过尽管在战役层面上，“东方-2018”对于双方都属于正常演习的层次，但在战略设定上，此次演习还是有相当重要的标志意义的。“东方”系列演习在过去的很长一段时间里，都是以远东地区最强军事力量——中国军队作为假想敌的。尽管这在如今强调中俄友谊的中国民间看来有些荒谬，但对于上世纪末、本世纪初的俄罗斯来说，却是一种他们内心深处不安的表现。
在苏联解体之后的最初十几年里，军费短缺的俄军在全国范围内都出现了部队作战能力严重下滑的情况，而远东地区在这一时期又加上了人口流失和来自中国商品和劳动力的严重冲击，再考虑到俄军为了应对北约东扩的威胁，将仅有的资源都用于西部方向作战力量的加强上，使得这一时期的东部军事力量严重的下滑。
按照当时外界的推测，1995年以后的俄罗斯陆军在远东无法应对当时解放军沈阳军区的进攻，以至于俄罗斯国内一度出现了保卫远东必须先发制人使用核武器的论断，“东方”系列战略演习的举行，也正是俄军为了加强这一方向部队作战能力的措施之一。
上世纪90年代的俄军其实还有装备优势，但连俄国人自己都对远东可能的冲突不抱幻想
昔日的假想敌如今以演习伙伴的身份加入进来，无论对于中俄之间的哪一方，这都是有标志性意义的重大“战略转变”，从这个角度上看，称呼“东方-2018”演习为战略演习，也就实至名归了。至于演习究竟针对什么，进行了什么样的科目，中俄双方又各自从演习中收获了什么，这一切就要等到演习全面开始之后才能做进一步的分析了。
http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2018-09-02/doc-ihinpmnr7338052.shtml
中俄东方-2018军演开战在即 俄军一举动向北约示威
中俄东方-2018军演开战在即 俄军一举动向北约示威
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近30万军队，36000辆坦克和装甲战车，1000多架军机集结待命——被称为俄罗斯近40年来最大规模的东方-2018战略演习即将开始！不过，百忙之中的俄罗斯军方最近却干了一件看似很有礼貌的事，向北约所有29个成员国发出“盛情”邀请，希望他们派武官全程观摩演习。美国《军队时报》网站8月29日发表文章称，上一次出现类似事件，还是在1981年。
那一年，苏联举行了人类历史上最大规模军演——西方-81战略演习：华约组织出动50万大军，当着所有北约国家观察员的面，演示了8天横扫欧洲大陆的作战计划……
西方-81战略演习盛况。
美国《军队时报》和《防务新闻》等军事新闻网站不约而同地认为，俄罗斯这次广撒“英雄帖”，不是热情好客，而是示威，是恐吓！有几万辆坦克、战车，1000多架飞机配合的30万机械化军队，足以打赢一场类似斯大林格勒战役的战争。反观北约组织，虽然在苏联时代终结后进行了不遗余力的东扩，但全部29个成员国的军事力量却良莠不齐，“带头大哥”美国还时不时威胁自己的欧洲盟友要退群。
汉家兵马乘北风：中俄举行冷战后最大规模军演背后有何玄机1/23
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中国国防部8月20日表示，根据中俄双方达成的共识，中国军队将于8月中下旬至9月中旬赴俄罗斯参加俄军“东方－2018”战略演习。9月11日至15日双方将在俄罗斯后贝加尔边疆区楚戈尔训练场共同组织联合战役行动演练。俄罗斯军事记者吐槽国内某些说法“解放军抵俄武器，令俄罗斯羡慕”。本期《出鞘》我们不妨简述一下中俄陆军机械化部队主力装备情况到底如何。（查看完整内容搜索微信公众号：sinamilnews）
英国路透社报道称，北约发言人迪伦·怀特表示正密切关注东方-2018军演动态，并强调“演习要透明，要可预测。”对此，路透社不无讽刺地点评道，俄罗斯已经邀请所有北约国家派员全程观摩，还要怎么“透明和可预测”？
俄军装甲部队和运输机部队集结。
俄罗斯国防部长绍伊古大将对塔斯社表示，东方-2018军演“某些方面”会重复西方-81演习，但某些方面恐怕“规模要更大”。对比历史资料来看，西方-81演习苏军共出动了3600辆坦克和装甲战车，而此次演习，俄军调集的坦克和战车为36000辆，是37年前的10倍！不过，苏军在西方-81演习中还模拟发动了141次战术核打击，不知这次东方-2018军演在核武器的运用上会是什么情况。
从参演兵力编制来看，俄罗斯四大军区和四大舰队都会有一半力量参加东方-2018演习，包括中部军区、东部军区几乎所有演练场，以及太平洋舰队、北方舰队和空降兵部队。如果仅从全国军队动员比例来看，俄军在时隔4年之后举行的东方系列战略演习，几乎等于为新的“卫国战争”做准备。
俄罗斯太平洋舰队。
不过，演习规模再大，也难以掩饰俄罗斯军事力量的衰退。俄罗斯“深度观察”网站刊文称，37年前，苏军在西方-81演习中首次亮出秘密武器——最新服役的T-80坦克。苏军随后展示了钢铁洪流横扫欧洲的“可怕前景”，北约所有观察员对此目瞪口呆。而现在，俄军装备的T-72、T-90主战坦克，最新型号也是20年前的技术水平。
“深度观察”网站强调，俄陆军装备水平如此，空天军和海军也没好到哪里去。在美国等大国已普遍进入五代隐身机时代后，俄军却直到今年才有望接收2架“准五代机”苏-57。这种战机由于隐身性能、信息化能力等主要指标不达标，俄军在未来7年只准备采购区区12架。俄军方高层为此不得不一个劲的表示，有苏-35战机就够了，它是最好的战斗机……
俄军苏-35战机。
至于海军，俄罗斯自红海军解散后，就没能获得一艘新建造的导弹驱逐舰。第一款自行研制建造的主力战舰，还是在出口印度海军舰艇基础上改进而来的4000吨级护卫舰——11356型。
因此，俄媒普遍认为，俄军方邀请北约29个成员国观摩东方-2018军演，可能并非明智之举。因此这可能反而暴露俄军不断下降的真实实力。美国媒体的反应则截然相反，他们认为俄军试图通过此次演习，向美国和他的欧洲盟友表达这样的意思：不要再向俄罗斯边境逼近，这个大国仍是世界军事强国！（作者署名：百战刀）
Http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/china/2018-09-02/doc-ihinpmnr7210484.shtml
The significance of the two military exercises between China and Russia helps the PLA to enhance the effectiveness of anti-terrorism operations.
The significance of the two military exercises between China and Russia helps the PLA to enhance the effectiveness of anti-terrorism operations.
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At first glance, the armored team of the People’s Liberation Army gathered in Russia to participate in the military exercise 1/11.
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From September 11th to 15th, Russia held an unprecedented joint exercise. The PLA was also invited to participate this time. Now a large number of 8X8 wheeled armored teams are heading to the exercise area.
[Text / Observer Network columnist Shi Yang]
This week, two large-scale military exercises between China and Russia have been quiet. First, the "Peace Mission-2018" joint military exercise participated by the People's Liberation Army within the framework of the SCO organized a live-fire exercises. Later, the PLA troops participating in the "Oriental-2018" strategic exercise entered the territory of Russia through railway maneuvers. In a very short period of time, this "entry" of the Chinese and Russian army forces should be said to be very rare. At this time, this suddenness naturally has a change in world relations.
From campaign display to strategic participation
On August 29th, local time, the "Peace Mission-2018" joint anti-terrorism military exercise jointly participated by China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, India, Pakistan, Tajikistan and other countries, in Chebart, Chelyabinsk, Russia. The 25th comprehensive training ground of the city of Kuhe was held, and more than 3,000 participating troops including more than 700 Chinese soldiers conducted a joint anti-terrorism campaign.
The People's Liberation Army 04A Infantry Fighting Vehicles participating in the exercise participated in the exercise of the PLA 04A infantry fighting vehicle
Although it is said that "anti-terrorism exercises", but whether it is the Russian army participating in the show, the PLA or the type of combat troops deployed, it seems that it is not so "anti-terrorism." All kinds of wheeled armored vehicles in the exercise can only be regarded as light equipment. The emergence of various mechanized heavy equipment including tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, self-propelled howitzers, and self-propelled cannons has made this anti-terrorism exercise a lot. The meaning of "modern war."
The wheeled armored team that the Russian army participated in was an insignificant "little guy" in the exercise. The wheeled armored team of the Russian army participated in the exercise. It was an inconspicuous "little guy" in the exercise.
For the SCO exercise, this intensity and scale is not surprising. In the previous Shanghai Cooperation Organization exercise, the ground clusters with the large-scale mechanized corps as the core launched the final assault on the “terrorists”. The finale of the subject, the Western media always take this to accuse the Shanghe exercise of "not simple", but from the development of terrorism and extremism in the world and the security situation in today's world, this "massive" war on terrorism Instead, it is becoming an important form of our current counter-terrorism.
The first public appearance of the 99A main battle tank was the first public appearance of the 99A main battle tank in the Peace Mission-2014 Joint Military Exercise. It was on the Peace Mission-2014 Joint Military Exercise.
After the "9.11" occurred more than a decade ago, when the US military fully entered Afghanistan, the "war on terror" entered the field of vision as a new term, but in the first few years, everyone saw more It is the US military that searches for terrorists on a quarter-by-room basis, or fights terrorists with squad-level squads; and with the entire Middle East plunged into turmoil and civil war after 2011, using mechanized corps units, in the air and The large-scale "war on terror" under the support of maritime forces has gradually become the main form of this period.
Under the influence of the Afghan war, the outside world felt that the war on terrorism was like this... Under the influence of the Afghan war, the outside world felt that the war on terrorism was like this...
Formally, the war on terrorism in Syria and Iraq has a large-scale and large-scale mechanized force, and the combat intensity is much higher than the general security war; on the operational consequences, large-scale urban attack operations will be large in the theater. The city and the settlements have become ruins, causing a large number of refugees and humanitarian disasters. On the result of the battle, the government forces with the advantages of equipment and strength not only did not quickly win the battle, but after paying huge casualties. To achieve a limited battle victory...
From this perspective, most of the military capable of large-scale traditional warfare and the army with general warfare capabilities can not adapt well to the form of such modern warfare.
In Syria, the war on terror is like this... In Syria, the war on terror is like this...
Until 2018, after seven years of large-scale anti-terrorism war experience, a large number of Russian military assistance and training, and the Syrian government forces supported by the Russian Special Forces and the Air Force Army, were in battles such as the Battle of Dongguta and the Battle of Dera. After several rounds of fighting in the suburbs of Damascus and the southern militants, they performed well.
Despite the final stages of these campaigns, the Syrian government forces mostly used the "bloodless city" to resolve the battles of hostile militants in the form of "going out of the country", but overall, the Syrian government and Russian troops in this period have basically I have mastered a set of effective anti-terrorism tactics that can achieve such combat victory in a relatively short period of time at a lower cost.
Until recently, the performance of the Syrian government forces in several major battles began to have a rule. Until recently, the performance of the Syrian government forces in several major battles began to have a rule.
This is the origin of the so-called Russian military's "teaching the experience of the Syrian battlefield" to other military forces in this joint exercise. For the Chinese army participating in the show, the PLA’s combat troops, which are based on synthetic mechanized infantry battalions, are even better than the Russian troops participating in the informatization and advanced level of equipment. The experience of these Syrian battlefields taught by the Russian army can greatly enhance the PLA's ability to perform the corresponding campaigns and the effectiveness of the battlefield in the face of such threats.
As a participating country in the Syrian war, Russia’s first-hand experience is still very important as a participating country in the Syrian war. Russia’s first-hand experience is still very important.
If the purpose of the joint exercise is to enable the participating countries to better coordinate the specific ways of conducting the campaign and to exchange specific tactics, then the significance of the PLA’s participation in the "Oriental-2018" strategic exercise is obviously far more than At the battle and tactical levels.
The significance of seeing the exercise itself is not because of the significance of the equipment invested by our military, but also the significance of the equipment invested by our army.
For the Russian military itself, the primary significance of "Oriental-2018" is to test the combat readiness of combat troops in eastern Russia and demonstrate the emergency mobilization capabilities of the troops.
According to Russian Defense Minister Shoygu, the exercise involved a total of 300,000 troops and mobilized tanks and armored vehicles totaling tens of thousands of vehicles, covering almost all combat troops in the eastern part of the Russian Federation. It is obvious that troops of this size cannot concentrate on an exercise in an exercise field, and it is impossible to conduct high-intensity actual combat live-fire exercises. Instead, a small number of troops are selected to conduct exercises with participating troops from China and Mongolia. Most of the troops carried out large-scale combat read-and-pull inspections.
Many units of the Russian military participating in the East-2018 exercise took the opportunity to conduct war preparations. Many troops participating in the Eastern-2018 exercise took the opportunity to conduct a war preparation test.
From this level, the "Oriental-2018" exercise is largely a readiness test of the Russian military region in the east, but its form is a large-scale exercise. The advantage of this approach is that it can be inspected and exposed in a short time. The deficiencies and shortcomings of the troops, while at the same time do not require the troops to be in high-intensity readiness and training throughout the year, thus avoiding the high cost of the troops to increase the operational readiness level for a long time.
To some extent, the nature of this large-scale exercise is similar to that of the entire military in the 1970s, and it is trying to improve the combat capability and mobilization of military operations with short-term high-intensity military operations. The behavior of ability. However, the PLA’s military skills were lower during the Cultural Revolution in the 1970s. It is necessary to conduct basic tactical and operational skills training for grassroots commanders and troops through such actions, and Russia’s current situation is much better. Since its scope covers the entire eastern region, it is not an exaggeration to call it a “strategic exercise”.
For the Russian military, a large number of troops that are usually lacking in training can also use the exercise activities. For the Russian army, a large number of troops who usually lack training can also participate in exercise activities.
As for the PLA forces, in the context of the intensive training in recent years, the troops’ field pull and training have changed from an annual exercise to a normalized situation. For the majority of the year, they have been stationed in the field for more than half a year. For the People's Liberation Army, relying on exercises to pull troops is already the "old royal calendar" at the end of the last century.
In addition, the equipment used by the troops who entered the country is not all the elite weapons of our army. Although many of them have some advantages for the Russian army (such as the 99 tanks and the big eight-wheelers), others are obviously behind. In the Russian army (such as the 86-type infantry fighting vehicle that started in the same batch), it is not difficult to see that our military participating troops themselves do not have a strong "show to Russia" consideration, and more are trying to take this opportunity to test our army differently. Types of synthetic forces are sent and operated in distant and unfamiliar areas.
For the People's Liberation Army, the 99-type main battle tank is not backward, but it is not the most advanced equipment. For the PLA, the 99-type main battle tank is not backward, but it is not the most advanced equipment.
However, although at the operational level, "Oriental-2018" is a normal exercise level for both parties, the exercise is quite important in terms of strategic setting. For a long time in the past, the "Oriental" series of exercises have used the Chinese military, the strongest military force in the Far East, as an imaginary enemy. Although this seems ridiculous in today's Chinese folks who emphasize Sino-Russian friendship, it is a manifestation of their deep inner uneasiness for Russia at the end of the last century and at the beginning of this century.
In the 1990s, the Russian army, in addition to its large scale, may have no other advantages. The Russian army of the 1990s, in addition to its large scale, may have no other advantages.
In the first ten years after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian military, which suffered from a shortage of military supplies, experienced a serious decline in the combat capability of the troops throughout the country. In the Far East, population loss and the supply of goods and labor from China were added during this period. The serious impact, taking into account the Russian military in order to cope with the threat of NATO's eastward expansion, the only resources used to strengthen the combat forces in the west, making the eastern military power of this period seriously decline.
According to speculation at the time, the Russian army after 1995 could not cope with the attack of the Shenyang Military Region of the People's Liberation Army in the Far East, so that there was an assertion in Russia that defending the Far East must first use human weapons. The "Oriental" series of strategic exercises was also held. It is one of the measures taken by the Russian military to strengthen the combat capability of the troops in this direction.
The Russian army in the 1990s actually had the advantage of equipment, but even the Russians themselves had no illusions about the possible conflicts in the Far East.
The former imaginary enemy has now joined as a practice partner. This is a significant "strategic change" for both sides of China and Russia. From this perspective, the "Oriental-2018" exercise is The strategic exercise is also deserved. As for what the exercise is aimed at, what kind of subjects have been carried out, and what both China and Russia have gained from the exercise, all this will have to wait until the exercise is fully started before further analysis can be done.
Http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2018-09-02/doc-ihinpmnr7338052.shtml
The Sino-Russian East-2018 military exercise is about to begin. The Russian army is demonstrating to NATO in one move.
The Sino-Russian East-2018 military exercise is about to begin. The Russian army is demonstrating to NATO in one move.
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Nearly 300,000 troops, 36,000 tanks and armored combat vehicles, more than 1,000 military aircraft are on standby - known as Russia's largest East-2018 strategic exercise in the past 40 years is about to begin! However, the busy Russian military has recently done a seemingly polite thing, and issued a "well-hearted" invitation to all 29 member states of NATO, hoping that they will send military officers to observe the exercise. The US Army Times website published an article on August 29, saying that the last time a similar incident occurred, it was still in 1981.
That year, the Soviet Union held the largest military exercise in human history - the Western-81 strategic exercise: the Huayue organization dispatched 500,000 troops, in front of all NATO observers, demonstrated the eight-day battle plan to sweep across the European continent... ...
Western-81 strategic exercise.
Military news websites such as the US Army Times and Defense News have agreed that Russia’s "heroes" are not hospitable, but demonstrations, intimidation! There are tens of thousands of tanks, chariots, and more than 1,000 aircraft with 300,000 mechanized troops, enough to win a war like the Battle of Stalingrad. On the other hand, NATO, although it has spared no effort to expand eastward after the end of the Soviet era, but the military strength of all 29 member states is mixed. The "big brother" of the United States also threatens to retreat from its European allies from time to time.
The Han family's horses and horses take the north wind: China and Russia hold the mysterious machine behind the largest military exercise after the Cold War.
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The Chinese Ministry of National Defense said on August 20 that according to the consensus reached between China and Russia, the Chinese military will go to Russia to participate in the Russian military "Oriental-2018" strategic exercise from mid-August to mid-September. From September 11th to 15th, the two sides will jointly organize joint campaign operations in the post-Baikal Territory of Russia. Russian military reporters spit out some domestic sayings that "the PLA has arrived in Russia and has envied Russia." In this issue of "Sheathing", we may wish to briefly describe the situation of the main equipment of the Chinese and Russian Army Mechanized Forces. (View full content search WeChat public number: sinamilnews)
