[h=2]Why a US columnist is rooting for Singapore[/h]
May 25th, 2012 |
Author: Ng Kok Lim
Dear Mr Matt Miller,
I refer to your Washington Post article that was published by Straits Times on 12 May 2012.
Our rise wasn’t from Third World to First but from a middle income status to First World status [1], [2]. It had more to do with good fortune than savvy, talented government officials. Our supposedly talented, savvy government took the import substitution route when they first came into power in 1959 like all the other newly independent Third World nations did. It wasn’t until we were kicked out of Malaysia in 1965 that we had no choice but to embark on export industrialization instead [3], [4], [5]. We were thus forced upon the right path instead of having conscientiously chosen it. Other strokes of good luck include the Cultural Revolution in 1966 which, according to Dr Goh Keng Swee, scared investors away from countries bordering China so they avoided South Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong and came to Singapore instead [6] and the oil exploration boom in the region in the early 1970s which contributed to oil rig construction [7]. Besides luck, we also had the good counsel of Dr Albert Winsemius who was the real talented and savvy one [8], [9], [10].
Our million dollar ministerial salaries are much more than generous, they are obscenely excessive. The US is not alone in eschewing million dollar salaries in public service. All other First World nations eschew million dollar salaries in public service but still do well in the Corruption Perceptions Index. New Zealand, Denmark, Finland and Sweden actually do better than Singapore without million dollar ministerial salaries.
<TBODY>
</TBODY>Linking ministerial pay to median income and the bottommost incomes isn’t rocket science that only Singapore technocrats are capable of coming up with. Our opposition parties have been arguing for this for years before it was finally implemented in a limited way.
It’s not right to refer to our post-independence leaders as the founding generation for Singapore was founded 146 years before we gained independence. It is also not right to say that our post-independence leaders rebelled against the Western welfare state because at least one of the four key post-independence leaders, Dr Toh Chin Chye remained convicted of socialism right to the end [11].
This mighty island country has churned out a lot of fairy tales for the world to read. If you fail to see the tale behind the fairy tale, you might end up learning the wrong lessons and continue to learn the wrong lessons all your life.
Thank you.
.
Ng Kok Lim
[1] Carl A. Trocki, Singapore: wealth, power and the culture of control, Page 166
Singapore had already attained a middle income status in 1960 with a per capita GDP of $1,330
[2] Peter Wilson / Gavin Peebles, Economic growth and development in Singapore: past and future, Page 26
Post-war Singapore was never a backward fishing village waiting to be transformed by Lee Kuan Yew into a modern economy. The King of Thailand wouldn’t have sent 20 of his sons to a fishing village for education in the late nineteenth century. A fishing village could not have staged a manned air flight as early as 1911. Singapore was credited with the finest airport in the British Empire in the 1930s. LKY had already acknowledged in an Aug 1967 speech to American businessmen in Chicago that we were already a metropolis.
[3] Jacques Charmes, In-service training: five Asian experiences, Bernard Salomé, Page 21
Singapore at first adopted the industrialisation policy of import substitution, followed after 1966 by the export of labour intensive manufactured goods.
[4] Robert Fitzgerald, The Competitive advantages of Far Eastern business, Page 55
Singapore’s industrialisation strategy was originally dependent on policies of import substitution within the Malaysian common market, but the attainment of political independence in 1965 led to export industrialisation.
[5] Eddie C. Y. Kuo / Chee Meng Loh / K. S. Raman, Information technology and Singapore society, Page 87
Import substitution was adopted in the early 1960s in anticipation of the Malayan common market. However, Singapore separated from Malaysia in 1965 dashing the hopes of the common market, hence an export strategy was promoted instead.
[6] Goh Keng Swee, Asian Pacific Economic Literature May 1996, page 2, “The technology ladder in development: the Singapore case”
[7] Diane K. Mauzy / Robert Stephen Milne, Singapore politics under the People’s Action Party, Page 66
[8] Ngiam Tong Dow / Simon Tay, A Mandarin and the making of public policy: reflections, Page 66
Dr Winsemius and I.F. Tang made extraordinary contributions to the economic development of Singapore as leader and secretary of the first UN Industrialisation Survey Team in 1961.
[9] Philip Nalliah Pillai, State enterprise in Singapore: legal importation and development, Page 30
With Singapore’s secession in 1965, the United Nations Proposed Industrialization Programme for the State of Singapore became the basis for Singapore’s industrialisation strategy.
[10] Danny M Leipziger, Lessons from East Asia, Page 240
The 1960-61 United Nations mission led by Albert Winsemius helped develop a blueprint for Singapore’s industrialisation and development plan and recommended the establishment of EDB.
[11] Straits Times, 4 Feb 2012, Dr Toh Chin Chye: No ‘dumb cow’ but a vocal critic in the House
Mr Lee Kuan Yew once said his early Cabinet was divided into two camps: on one side were the pragmatists like himself and Dr Goh Keng Swee; and on the other, there were the instinctive socialists, emotionally drawn to the ideal of equality, like Dr Toh Chin Chye. Long years in government did not change Dr Toh Chin Chye’s democratic socialist bent.
Dear Mr Matt Miller,
I refer to your Washington Post article that was published by Straits Times on 12 May 2012.
Our rise wasn’t from Third World to First but from a middle income status to First World status [1], [2]. It had more to do with good fortune than savvy, talented government officials. Our supposedly talented, savvy government took the import substitution route when they first came into power in 1959 like all the other newly independent Third World nations did. It wasn’t until we were kicked out of Malaysia in 1965 that we had no choice but to embark on export industrialization instead [3], [4], [5]. We were thus forced upon the right path instead of having conscientiously chosen it. Other strokes of good luck include the Cultural Revolution in 1966 which, according to Dr Goh Keng Swee, scared investors away from countries bordering China so they avoided South Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong and came to Singapore instead [6] and the oil exploration boom in the region in the early 1970s which contributed to oil rig construction [7]. Besides luck, we also had the good counsel of Dr Albert Winsemius who was the real talented and savvy one [8], [9], [10].
Our million dollar ministerial salaries are much more than generous, they are obscenely excessive. The US is not alone in eschewing million dollar salaries in public service. All other First World nations eschew million dollar salaries in public service but still do well in the Corruption Perceptions Index. New Zealand, Denmark, Finland and Sweden actually do better than Singapore without million dollar ministerial salaries.
| Rank | Country / territory | CPI 2011 score |
| 1 | New Zealand | 9.5 |
| 2 | Denmark | 9.4 |
| 2 | Finland | 9.4 |
| 4 | Sweden | 9.3 |
| 5 | Singapore | 9.2 |
| 6 | Norway | 9 |
| 7 | Netherlands | 8.9 |
| 8 | Australia | 8.8 |
| 8 | Switzerland | 8.8 |
| 10 | Canada | 8.7 |
| 11 | Luxembourg | 8.5 |
| 12 | Hong Kong | 8.4 |
| 13 | Iceland | 8.3 |
| 14 | Germany | 8 |
| 14 | Japan | 8 |
| 16 | Austria | 7.8 |
| 16 | Barbados | 7.8 |
| 16 | United Kingdom | 7.8 |
| 19 | Belgium | 7.5 |
| 19 | Ireland | 7.5 |
| 21 | Bahamas | 7.3 |
| 22 | Chile | 7.2 |
| 22 | Qatar | 7.2 |
| 24 | United States | 7.1 |
| 25 | France | 7 |
<TBODY>
</TBODY>
It’s not right to refer to our post-independence leaders as the founding generation for Singapore was founded 146 years before we gained independence. It is also not right to say that our post-independence leaders rebelled against the Western welfare state because at least one of the four key post-independence leaders, Dr Toh Chin Chye remained convicted of socialism right to the end [11].
This mighty island country has churned out a lot of fairy tales for the world to read. If you fail to see the tale behind the fairy tale, you might end up learning the wrong lessons and continue to learn the wrong lessons all your life.
Thank you.
.
Ng Kok Lim
[1] Carl A. Trocki, Singapore: wealth, power and the culture of control, Page 166
Singapore had already attained a middle income status in 1960 with a per capita GDP of $1,330
[2] Peter Wilson / Gavin Peebles, Economic growth and development in Singapore: past and future, Page 26
Post-war Singapore was never a backward fishing village waiting to be transformed by Lee Kuan Yew into a modern economy. The King of Thailand wouldn’t have sent 20 of his sons to a fishing village for education in the late nineteenth century. A fishing village could not have staged a manned air flight as early as 1911. Singapore was credited with the finest airport in the British Empire in the 1930s. LKY had already acknowledged in an Aug 1967 speech to American businessmen in Chicago that we were already a metropolis.
[3] Jacques Charmes, In-service training: five Asian experiences, Bernard Salomé, Page 21
Singapore at first adopted the industrialisation policy of import substitution, followed after 1966 by the export of labour intensive manufactured goods.
[4] Robert Fitzgerald, The Competitive advantages of Far Eastern business, Page 55
Singapore’s industrialisation strategy was originally dependent on policies of import substitution within the Malaysian common market, but the attainment of political independence in 1965 led to export industrialisation.
[5] Eddie C. Y. Kuo / Chee Meng Loh / K. S. Raman, Information technology and Singapore society, Page 87
Import substitution was adopted in the early 1960s in anticipation of the Malayan common market. However, Singapore separated from Malaysia in 1965 dashing the hopes of the common market, hence an export strategy was promoted instead.
[6] Goh Keng Swee, Asian Pacific Economic Literature May 1996, page 2, “The technology ladder in development: the Singapore case”
[7] Diane K. Mauzy / Robert Stephen Milne, Singapore politics under the People’s Action Party, Page 66
[8] Ngiam Tong Dow / Simon Tay, A Mandarin and the making of public policy: reflections, Page 66
Dr Winsemius and I.F. Tang made extraordinary contributions to the economic development of Singapore as leader and secretary of the first UN Industrialisation Survey Team in 1961.
[9] Philip Nalliah Pillai, State enterprise in Singapore: legal importation and development, Page 30
With Singapore’s secession in 1965, the United Nations Proposed Industrialization Programme for the State of Singapore became the basis for Singapore’s industrialisation strategy.
[10] Danny M Leipziger, Lessons from East Asia, Page 240
The 1960-61 United Nations mission led by Albert Winsemius helped develop a blueprint for Singapore’s industrialisation and development plan and recommended the establishment of EDB.
[11] Straits Times, 4 Feb 2012, Dr Toh Chin Chye: No ‘dumb cow’ but a vocal critic in the House
Mr Lee Kuan Yew once said his early Cabinet was divided into two camps: on one side were the pragmatists like himself and Dr Goh Keng Swee; and on the other, there were the instinctive socialists, emotionally drawn to the ideal of equality, like Dr Toh Chin Chye. Long years in government did not change Dr Toh Chin Chye’s democratic socialist bent.
Straits Times
Why a US columnist is rooting for Singapore
Matt Miller
12 May 2012
SINGAPOREANS couldn’t believe their ears.
‘I’m sorry,’ said Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong just days before the elections a year ago this week that dealt the ruling People’s Action Party (PAP) its worst setback in the five decades since the island city-state became independent.
‘If we didn’t get it right, I’m sorry,’ Mr Lee said. ‘But we will try better the next time.’
The unprecedented public apology may well have saved the PAP from a deacle. But the ‘new normal’ ushered in by that vote (as well as a later vote for the more symbolic presidency, in which the PAP’s choice won by just a few thousand votes) has upended politics in Singapore.
While the PAP lost just six of 87 seats in its unicameral Parliament, the party won only 60 per cent of the vote and some key ministers were sent packing.
One year on, it’s clear that public discontent has opened a new chapter in Singapore’s development that deserves the world’s attention.
Why am I devoting two columns to Singapore in The Washington Post? As I noted last week, I’ve been fascinated by Singapore’s remarkable achievements in rising from Third World to First via a series of savvy policies implemented by unusually talented government officials in recent decades. The era now unfolding in Singapore is a test of whether a tradition of sound governance under one-party rule can adapt to the stresses of globalisation even as a now-educated and more vocal middle class forces a transition towards fuller democracy.
If Singapore can renew its economy, open up political life and better meet its citizens’ needs and aspirations in the decade ahead, there will be important lessons for the world. If it falters under these challenges, different conclusions will be drawn. A lot is riding on the outcome, and not just for Singaporeans. China, many of whose leaders view Singapore’s achievements under ’soft authoritarianism’ as a model, will be watching closely. So should the United States.
Public frustration in Singapore today has a number of causes. For starters, for all its growth, Singapore has become one of the world’s most unequal societies. While its per capita income is among the world’s highest, per capita consumption and wages as a share of gross domestic product – both better reflections of the ordinary citizen’s lot – rank much lower. A massive influx of low-wage foreign workers in recent years – which has helped swell the population from four million to five million in just a decade (imagine adding 75 million people to America’s 300 million and you get a feel for the disruption) – has put downward pressure on middle- and lower-income Singaporeans’ wages.
It’s also created a sense in some quarters that Singapore may be heaven for the multinational elites who set up shop here but hellish for too many of the natives who serve the food or sweep the streets.
Even Singapore’s ambassador-at-large, Professor Tommy Koh, a soft-spoken senior statesman with whom I spent an hour recently, calls Singapore’s widening gap between the rich and the poor ’socially unconscionable’.
Compounding the problem is growing frustration that the Government, long fabled for its competence, can’t seem to make the trains run on time any more. Literally. The shiny subway system has seen an unusual number of breakdowns and delays in the last year, likely driven by the surge in population and usage – but also, critics claim, because the system was privatised and milked for profit at the expense of maintenance. A series of floods in shopping and residential areas have likewise exposed inadequate planning.
Then there’s the soaring cost of living. Housing prices have increased beyond the reach of many young couples. The price of so-called certificates of entitlement, used to ration the numbers of cars on the road and thus keep traffic manageable, has risen at times to the point where, all in, a compact Chevrolet can cost more than US$60,000 (S$75,100). Monies set aside by individuals in Singapore’s forced savings plan are often proving inadequate for retirement needs as lifespans lengthen and the cost of catastrophic medical episodes soars.
These economic stresses produced a backlash against the world’s most generous pay for public officials – a practice I generally admire because in the United States we can’t attract top folks to agencies like the Securities and Exchange Commission without worrying that they’ll go easy on those they regulate in hopes of landing a plum job on Wall Street afterwards. In Singapore these days, sentiment has soured: With foreigners taking our jobs, the subways jammed, the streets flooded and costs on the rise, who do these guys think they are – paying themselves a million dollars or more a year! Or so the thinking goes.
As with other authoritarian regimes, the advent of social media and political websites has given these grievances an outlet that government is ultimately powerless to suppress. The result, I’m told, is that even the single national newspaper, The Straits Times (which is heavily influenced by the Government), was fairer to the opposition in the last election lest it lose credibility in the eyes of the public.
What’s more, frustration has reached the point where the opposition Workers’ Party has been able to recruit some impressive talent. In the past, those ambitious for public service naturally joined the PAP – in a one-party state, there was no other path to power and impact. This pattern also let the PAP dismiss its political foes as not being up to the job of governing. That’s why heads turned when Mr Chen Show Mao, a 50-year-old Davis Polk lawyer and former Rhodes Scholar with degrees from Harvard, Stanford and Oxford, came home after a legal career in New York, Hong Kong and Beijing and joined the opposition.
‘Certainly, my friends in the PAP are in a better position to formulate policy and implement policy in the short term, and therefore have a greater impact on people’s life, people’s livelihood over the short term,’ Mr Chen told one interviewer. ‘But I think what I am doing is just as important. Perhaps more important over the long term, and that is to help build up a credible opposition that in time is capable to form an alternative government.’
So where is the ‘new normal’ headed one year after the wake-up call? The PAP appears to be responding aggressively. It talks of a ‘Singaporeans First’ policy in employment and is cutting back on foreign workers. A commission to review government pay was promptly set up, and top officials will have their pay slashed by about 35 per cent. (Singapore’s prime minister will still earn about US$1.75 million and ministers US$800,000). In addition, half their bonuses will be linked not just to gross domestic product growth but to growth in median income and the incomes of the lowest quintile of earners. (Only in Singapore do the technocrats respond with such tailored, business-like incentives, which a wonk like me can’t help but admire).
The Government is pushing a productivity improvement agenda and goading business to share the fruits of these gains with workers, the only way to sustainably raise pay. A new subway line will be built or extended every year for the next seven years.
There’s more, but you get the idea. If Prime Minister Lee went into the last election with an apology, his actions afterwards have been a long way of saying ‘we heard you’. The question is whether it will seem like enough. ‘If you have one of the best-educated middle classes in the world,’ says Professor Kishore Mahbubani, a former diplomat who is now dean of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore, ‘the terms of engagement are going to change.’
It’s not the place of a foreign columnist to offer suggestions for Singapore, especially based on limited and imperfect understanding. But as an admirer from afar of all that Singapore has achieved to date, I’d humbly offer two thoughts to consider as this new era proceeds.
First: Encourage media outlets or independent institutes to do regular polling of the public mood. There’s no analogue today to the Washington Post/ABC News poll (or its myriad American counterparts) in Singapore. I’m told surveys may be done privately by the PAP, but public, independent, high-quality surveys might bring a constructive transparency to the conversation now under way. Do citizens think Singapore is on the right track or the wrong track? Do they trust government to do the right thing (and how is this sentiment trending)? How do citizens rank the issues they want government to address? Do they think the opposition would be capable of governing? Singapore’s leadership wouldn’t want to become a slave to polls, like too many Western politicians – but neither should leaders be surprised by or out of touch with public sentiment. For a government devoted to measurable results, there are useful metrics and insights here worth developing.
Second, build on Singapore’s legacy of policy creativity to redistribute income and promote upward mobility in ways that still honour the country’s scepticism towards Western-style welfare states. Every advanced economy is finding that globalisation and rapid technological change are widening the gap between the rich and the rest. It’s difficult to maintain political legitimacy, and sustain support for the continuous economic change that fuels growth, without assuring that the benefits of growth are more widely shared.
Singapore’s founding generation of leaders rebelled against the Western welfare state model because they deemed it a path to national bankruptcy as well as a disincentive to work. Doubtless they had a point. But times change, and Singapore might do well to update its thinking here.
Its sound fiscal management puts it in an enviable position to make prudent adjustments to its social compact. And the nation’s well-deserved reputation for policy innovation means Singapore might come up with smart new ways to reconcile the tension between individual responsibility and social provision from which everyone from China to the United States might learn. Yale professors Bruce Ackerman and Anne Alstott’s 1999 book The Stakeholder Society which proposes a universal $80,000 endowment at age 18 funded by a modest wealth tax – and in lieu of many other welfare provisions – might be an interesting source of inspiration.
I’m rooting for Singapore. Every nation is work in progress. This mighty island country has already taught the world a lot. It has much to teach – and to learn – still.
WASHINGTON POST
Why a US columnist is rooting for Singapore
Matt Miller
12 May 2012
SINGAPOREANS couldn’t believe their ears.
‘I’m sorry,’ said Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong just days before the elections a year ago this week that dealt the ruling People’s Action Party (PAP) its worst setback in the five decades since the island city-state became independent.
‘If we didn’t get it right, I’m sorry,’ Mr Lee said. ‘But we will try better the next time.’
The unprecedented public apology may well have saved the PAP from a deacle. But the ‘new normal’ ushered in by that vote (as well as a later vote for the more symbolic presidency, in which the PAP’s choice won by just a few thousand votes) has upended politics in Singapore.
While the PAP lost just six of 87 seats in its unicameral Parliament, the party won only 60 per cent of the vote and some key ministers were sent packing.
One year on, it’s clear that public discontent has opened a new chapter in Singapore’s development that deserves the world’s attention.
Why am I devoting two columns to Singapore in The Washington Post? As I noted last week, I’ve been fascinated by Singapore’s remarkable achievements in rising from Third World to First via a series of savvy policies implemented by unusually talented government officials in recent decades. The era now unfolding in Singapore is a test of whether a tradition of sound governance under one-party rule can adapt to the stresses of globalisation even as a now-educated and more vocal middle class forces a transition towards fuller democracy.
If Singapore can renew its economy, open up political life and better meet its citizens’ needs and aspirations in the decade ahead, there will be important lessons for the world. If it falters under these challenges, different conclusions will be drawn. A lot is riding on the outcome, and not just for Singaporeans. China, many of whose leaders view Singapore’s achievements under ’soft authoritarianism’ as a model, will be watching closely. So should the United States.
Public frustration in Singapore today has a number of causes. For starters, for all its growth, Singapore has become one of the world’s most unequal societies. While its per capita income is among the world’s highest, per capita consumption and wages as a share of gross domestic product – both better reflections of the ordinary citizen’s lot – rank much lower. A massive influx of low-wage foreign workers in recent years – which has helped swell the population from four million to five million in just a decade (imagine adding 75 million people to America’s 300 million and you get a feel for the disruption) – has put downward pressure on middle- and lower-income Singaporeans’ wages.
It’s also created a sense in some quarters that Singapore may be heaven for the multinational elites who set up shop here but hellish for too many of the natives who serve the food or sweep the streets.
Even Singapore’s ambassador-at-large, Professor Tommy Koh, a soft-spoken senior statesman with whom I spent an hour recently, calls Singapore’s widening gap between the rich and the poor ’socially unconscionable’.
Compounding the problem is growing frustration that the Government, long fabled for its competence, can’t seem to make the trains run on time any more. Literally. The shiny subway system has seen an unusual number of breakdowns and delays in the last year, likely driven by the surge in population and usage – but also, critics claim, because the system was privatised and milked for profit at the expense of maintenance. A series of floods in shopping and residential areas have likewise exposed inadequate planning.
Then there’s the soaring cost of living. Housing prices have increased beyond the reach of many young couples. The price of so-called certificates of entitlement, used to ration the numbers of cars on the road and thus keep traffic manageable, has risen at times to the point where, all in, a compact Chevrolet can cost more than US$60,000 (S$75,100). Monies set aside by individuals in Singapore’s forced savings plan are often proving inadequate for retirement needs as lifespans lengthen and the cost of catastrophic medical episodes soars.
These economic stresses produced a backlash against the world’s most generous pay for public officials – a practice I generally admire because in the United States we can’t attract top folks to agencies like the Securities and Exchange Commission without worrying that they’ll go easy on those they regulate in hopes of landing a plum job on Wall Street afterwards. In Singapore these days, sentiment has soured: With foreigners taking our jobs, the subways jammed, the streets flooded and costs on the rise, who do these guys think they are – paying themselves a million dollars or more a year! Or so the thinking goes.
As with other authoritarian regimes, the advent of social media and political websites has given these grievances an outlet that government is ultimately powerless to suppress. The result, I’m told, is that even the single national newspaper, The Straits Times (which is heavily influenced by the Government), was fairer to the opposition in the last election lest it lose credibility in the eyes of the public.
What’s more, frustration has reached the point where the opposition Workers’ Party has been able to recruit some impressive talent. In the past, those ambitious for public service naturally joined the PAP – in a one-party state, there was no other path to power and impact. This pattern also let the PAP dismiss its political foes as not being up to the job of governing. That’s why heads turned when Mr Chen Show Mao, a 50-year-old Davis Polk lawyer and former Rhodes Scholar with degrees from Harvard, Stanford and Oxford, came home after a legal career in New York, Hong Kong and Beijing and joined the opposition.
‘Certainly, my friends in the PAP are in a better position to formulate policy and implement policy in the short term, and therefore have a greater impact on people’s life, people’s livelihood over the short term,’ Mr Chen told one interviewer. ‘But I think what I am doing is just as important. Perhaps more important over the long term, and that is to help build up a credible opposition that in time is capable to form an alternative government.’
So where is the ‘new normal’ headed one year after the wake-up call? The PAP appears to be responding aggressively. It talks of a ‘Singaporeans First’ policy in employment and is cutting back on foreign workers. A commission to review government pay was promptly set up, and top officials will have their pay slashed by about 35 per cent. (Singapore’s prime minister will still earn about US$1.75 million and ministers US$800,000). In addition, half their bonuses will be linked not just to gross domestic product growth but to growth in median income and the incomes of the lowest quintile of earners. (Only in Singapore do the technocrats respond with such tailored, business-like incentives, which a wonk like me can’t help but admire).
The Government is pushing a productivity improvement agenda and goading business to share the fruits of these gains with workers, the only way to sustainably raise pay. A new subway line will be built or extended every year for the next seven years.
There’s more, but you get the idea. If Prime Minister Lee went into the last election with an apology, his actions afterwards have been a long way of saying ‘we heard you’. The question is whether it will seem like enough. ‘If you have one of the best-educated middle classes in the world,’ says Professor Kishore Mahbubani, a former diplomat who is now dean of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore, ‘the terms of engagement are going to change.’
It’s not the place of a foreign columnist to offer suggestions for Singapore, especially based on limited and imperfect understanding. But as an admirer from afar of all that Singapore has achieved to date, I’d humbly offer two thoughts to consider as this new era proceeds.
First: Encourage media outlets or independent institutes to do regular polling of the public mood. There’s no analogue today to the Washington Post/ABC News poll (or its myriad American counterparts) in Singapore. I’m told surveys may be done privately by the PAP, but public, independent, high-quality surveys might bring a constructive transparency to the conversation now under way. Do citizens think Singapore is on the right track or the wrong track? Do they trust government to do the right thing (and how is this sentiment trending)? How do citizens rank the issues they want government to address? Do they think the opposition would be capable of governing? Singapore’s leadership wouldn’t want to become a slave to polls, like too many Western politicians – but neither should leaders be surprised by or out of touch with public sentiment. For a government devoted to measurable results, there are useful metrics and insights here worth developing.
Second, build on Singapore’s legacy of policy creativity to redistribute income and promote upward mobility in ways that still honour the country’s scepticism towards Western-style welfare states. Every advanced economy is finding that globalisation and rapid technological change are widening the gap between the rich and the rest. It’s difficult to maintain political legitimacy, and sustain support for the continuous economic change that fuels growth, without assuring that the benefits of growth are more widely shared.
Singapore’s founding generation of leaders rebelled against the Western welfare state model because they deemed it a path to national bankruptcy as well as a disincentive to work. Doubtless they had a point. But times change, and Singapore might do well to update its thinking here.
Its sound fiscal management puts it in an enviable position to make prudent adjustments to its social compact. And the nation’s well-deserved reputation for policy innovation means Singapore might come up with smart new ways to reconcile the tension between individual responsibility and social provision from which everyone from China to the United States might learn. Yale professors Bruce Ackerman and Anne Alstott’s 1999 book The Stakeholder Society which proposes a universal $80,000 endowment at age 18 funded by a modest wealth tax – and in lieu of many other welfare provisions – might be an interesting source of inspiration.
I’m rooting for Singapore. Every nation is work in progress. This mighty island country has already taught the world a lot. It has much to teach – and to learn – still.
WASHINGTON POST
