When South Korean scientists in late July reported a potential breakthrough in superconductors, their claims uncorked waves of both excitement and skepticism as researchers around the world rushed to replicate the experiments.
Such a superconductor – working at room temperature and ambient pressure – is one of the holy grails of materials science, a development that dreamers suggest could maximize the efficiency of our energy grids and supercharge fusion energy production, speed up progress on quantum supercomputers or help usher in an era of superfast transport.
Right now, though, the story of the LK-99 superconductor is all about what's going on in laboratories.
On July 22, the physicists in South Korea uploaded two papers to arXiv, a repository for preprint research – the kind that has yet to be peer-reviewed and published in a scientific journal. It's basically like uploading a first draft of your work. The researchers claimed they had produced the first room-temperature superconductor with a "modified lead-apatite structure" doped with copper and dubbed LK-99.
Part of the "proof" the team provided was a video showing the compound levitating over a magnet, a key characteristic of superconducting materials.
The bold claims made a monumental splash with experts in the field.
"The chemicals are so cheap and not hard to make," said Xiaolin Wang, a material scientist at the University of Wollongong in Australia. "This is why it is like a nuclear bomb in the community."
But what happened in that lab in South Korea is just a very first step in figuring out whether the results truly have practical implications for technology and its role in our lives. We need more data, and there's reason to be cautious.