Not only the runways on carriers are always too short, always burden tactically, prone to combat damages and failures, also a bottle neck that at most 2 or 3 planes can be launched at the same time. The Catapult is itself another big burden, and overhead, and bottle neck, and again prone to damages, failures & limitation at war. If enemy managed to hit and damaged your flight deck & catapult, you are fucked. If your own accident on deck damaged your own deck & catapult like your own plane crashed landed and exploded with bombs. You are also fucked.
During cold war they already had solid fuel rocket boosters attached to war planes that can be launched to air with ZERO runway lengths! This means also many planes can be launched from a tiny space at the same time. Today you can use robotics to rick and launch on carriers, your warplanes & drones. With disposable solid fuel rockets that are dumped into the sea once launched to the air.
This will allow you to even launch a jet from a building rooftop or smaller warships.
http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2018-08-21/doc-ihhzsnea3872329.shtml
West Germany Air Force Airport is not afraid of being blown up.
August 21, 2018 18:07 Sina Military
0
In the gloomy years of the Cold War era, no country’s threat in the upcoming Third World War would be as serious as West Germany, because it is the main battlefield of the US-Soviet comprehensive conflict, and its land will be the largest in history. Serious damage was caused in the scale of nuclear war.
Therefore, it is not surprising that NATO believes that once the war breaks out, the air base in West Germany will suffer a nuclear strike by Huayue in the first time, and its life expectancy is quite short. In the six-day war of June 1967, Israel’s sudden attack on the Arab air base also showed how vulnerable the traditional military airport was.
In the Central European Plains, tactical nuclear weapons thrown by aircraft, cruise missiles, rockets, and artillery further weakened the chances of the Air Force base surviving during the outbreak of the Third World War. The lack of depth in the West German military airport further complicates the issue.
In order to provide some buffer zones, West Germany has built military airports in the westernmost part of the country, as far as possible from the East German border, but this can only provide some psychological comfort, because the recent West German Air Force Base is only 129 kilometers from the border. This is a step away from the Huayue fighter.
In order to improve the survivability of the air force under nuclear war conditions, the West German Air Force made two preparations. On the one hand, it enhances the air defense capability of the air base, strengthens the airport infrastructure, and improves the efficiency of aircraft take-off and landing maintenance. On the other hand, in the wartime, the aircraft was evacuated to the airstrip and even on the highway to take off against the enemy. For the West German Air Force Command, the ultimate solution is to equip the aircraft that can take off and land like a helicopter, completely abandoning the dependence on the traditional runway...
In the early 1960s, the West German Air Force began to purchase a large number of Lockheed F-104 "Starfighters" from the United States. Although the aircraft is called "human rocket", because of the high speed of the wing load, the accident rate in the West German Air Force is high, but it was the most tactical nuclear strike fighter at West Germany at that time, and it was responsible for the war in the war. The mission of the target to carry out nuclear strikes, the top of the list of targets is the enemy airport.
Due to poor landing and landing performance, the F-104 needed a long, well-maintained runway to take off, but it was vulnerable in the early stages of the war. Even with a parachute, the F-104 needs an almost 1.6 km long asphalt runway to stop. The West German Air Force purchased more than 900 StarCraft fighters at a time, so how do you let these fighters disperse in wartime?
The solution is the singular rocket vertical launch system, developed by the West German Air Force and Lockheed, called "Zero Length Launch" (ZELL). By launching the F-104 combat frame on a tilting launch platform, and then propelling it under the push of the F-104's own J79 turbojet engine and the solid fuel rocket booster suspended below the rear fuselage, Just like launching a rocket.
It is envisaged that the West German Air Force will deploy dozens of nuclear-armed F-104 ZELLs in the barn or on the edge of the forest, and launch a blow to the goal of the Warsaw Pact when the war broke out. Since the full-scale nuclear war will destroy most of the airports in West Germany, in order to allow these F-104s to survive the completion of the strike mission, planners envisage the landing of the fighters on highways or airstrips by means of interception and landing. The F-104G comes with a carrier-like tail hook, which can be stopped in a short distance with the aid of the land-based blocking system after dropping the hook in the landing.
West Germany spent more than $25 million on the ZELL project, conducting a century launch test at Edwards Air Force Base in California and Bavaria, proving that the concept was successful in design. However, the huge mobile launching platform of the ZELL system is expensive and difficult to transport. Once it is discovered by enemy aircraft, it is difficult to escape the bad luck. In addition, the reliability of the system is also a problem, especially after the addition of the nuclear weapon F-104G, once the launch fails, it may lead to crash, which will lead to nuclear bomb loss. Under comprehensive consideration, the West German Air Force abandoned the project in 1966 and turned to the development of more practical vertical takeoff and landing aircraft.
Coincidentally, the Soviet Union also carried out the MiG-19/SM-30 rocket boost zero-length take-off test during the same period, and finally canceled the project for the same reason. (Author's signature: Air Force Wing)
西德空军机场被炸烂也不怕 人操火箭发射器送战机上天
2018年08月21日 18:07 新浪军事
0
在冷战年代的阴沉岁月里，没有任何一个国家在即将降临的第三次世界大战中面临的威胁会西德那样严重，因为该国是美苏全面冲突的主要战场，其国土会在有史以来最大规模核战争中遭受严重破坏。
所以毫不奇怪，北约认为战争一旦爆发，西德境内的空军基地会在第一时间内遭受华约的核打击，预期寿命相当短暂。在1967年6月的六日战争中，以色列对阿拉伯国家空军基地的突然袭击也表明，传统军用机场是多么容易遭受攻击。
在中欧平原，由飞机、巡航导弹、火箭炮、火炮投掷的战术核武器进一步削弱了空军基地在第三次世界大战爆发时的幸存机会。西德军用机场缺乏纵深，使问题进一步复杂化。
为了提供一些缓冲区，西德把军用机场都建设在该国最西部，尽量远离东德边境，但这也只能提供一些心理上的安慰，因为最近的西德空军基地距离边境只有129公里。对于华约战斗机来说这是一个一步之遥的距离。
为了提高核战争条件下空军部队的生存能力，西德空军做了两手准备。一方面增强空军基地的防空能力，加强机场基础设施，提高飞机起降和跑道维修效率。另一方面在战时把战机疏散到简易机场甚至是高速公路上起飞迎敌。对于西德空军司令部来说，终极解决方案是装备能像直升机一样垂直起降的战机，彻底抛弃对传统跑道的依赖……
20世纪60年代初，西德空军开始从美国购入大批洛克希德F-104“星际战斗机”。该机虽然人称“人操火箭”，因翼载高起降速度大在西德空军中的事故率居高不下，却是当时西德最为倚重的战术核打击战斗机，在战争中担负对华约目标实施核打击的重任，其目标清单中最顶部的是敌方机场。
由于起降性能差，F-104需要一条维护良好的长跑道才能起飞，但这在战争初期很容易遭受攻击。即使装备有减速伞，F-104也需要几乎1.6公里长的沥青跑道才能停下来。西德空军一口气购买了900多架星际战斗机，那么在战时怎样让这些战斗机分散作战呢？
解决方案就是奇葩的火箭垂直发射系统，该系统由西德空军和洛克希德公司共同研制，名为“零长度发射”（ZELL）。通过把F-104战斗机架在一个倾斜发射平台上，然后在F-104自身J79涡喷发动机的加力推力和悬挂在后机身下方的固体燃料火箭助推器的推动下徐徐升空，就像发射火箭一般。
按照设想，西德空军将把数十架核武装F-104 ZELL分散部署在谷仓中或森林边缘，在战争爆发时升空对华约目标实施打击。由于全面核战争将会摧毁西德境内的大部分机场，为了让这些完成打击任务后幸存的F-104降落，规划者们设想通过拦阻降落方式辅助战斗机降落在高速公路或简易机场。F-104G自带舰载机般的尾钩，降落中放下勾住拦阻索后，就能在陆基拦阻系统的辅助下在短距离内停止下来。
西德在ZELL项目上花费了2500多万美元，在加州爱德华兹空军基地和巴伐利亚州进行世纪发射试验，证明了这个概念在设计上是成功的。但ZELL系统庞大的移动发射平台操作费用昂贵且难以运输，一旦被敌机发现就难逃被击毁的厄运。此外该系统的可靠性也成问题，尤其是在加上挂载有核武器的F-104G之后，一旦发射失败就可能导致坠机，进而引发核弹丢失事故。综合考虑之下，西德空军在1966年放弃了该项目，转而资助更实用的垂直起降战机的研制。
无独有偶，苏联在同一时期也进行了米格-19/SM-30火箭助推零长度起飞测试，最后因相同原因而取消项目。（作者署名：空军之翼）
During cold war they already had solid fuel rocket boosters attached to war planes that can be launched to air with ZERO runway lengths! This means also many planes can be launched from a tiny space at the same time. Today you can use robotics to rick and launch on carriers, your warplanes & drones. With disposable solid fuel rockets that are dumped into the sea once launched to the air.
This will allow you to even launch a jet from a building rooftop or smaller warships.
http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2018-08-21/doc-ihhzsnea3872329.shtml
West Germany Air Force Airport is not afraid of being blown up.
August 21, 2018 18:07 Sina Military
0
In the gloomy years of the Cold War era, no country’s threat in the upcoming Third World War would be as serious as West Germany, because it is the main battlefield of the US-Soviet comprehensive conflict, and its land will be the largest in history. Serious damage was caused in the scale of nuclear war.
Therefore, it is not surprising that NATO believes that once the war breaks out, the air base in West Germany will suffer a nuclear strike by Huayue in the first time, and its life expectancy is quite short. In the six-day war of June 1967, Israel’s sudden attack on the Arab air base also showed how vulnerable the traditional military airport was.
In the Central European Plains, tactical nuclear weapons thrown by aircraft, cruise missiles, rockets, and artillery further weakened the chances of the Air Force base surviving during the outbreak of the Third World War. The lack of depth in the West German military airport further complicates the issue.
In order to provide some buffer zones, West Germany has built military airports in the westernmost part of the country, as far as possible from the East German border, but this can only provide some psychological comfort, because the recent West German Air Force Base is only 129 kilometers from the border. This is a step away from the Huayue fighter.
In order to improve the survivability of the air force under nuclear war conditions, the West German Air Force made two preparations. On the one hand, it enhances the air defense capability of the air base, strengthens the airport infrastructure, and improves the efficiency of aircraft take-off and landing maintenance. On the other hand, in the wartime, the aircraft was evacuated to the airstrip and even on the highway to take off against the enemy. For the West German Air Force Command, the ultimate solution is to equip the aircraft that can take off and land like a helicopter, completely abandoning the dependence on the traditional runway...
In the early 1960s, the West German Air Force began to purchase a large number of Lockheed F-104 "Starfighters" from the United States. Although the aircraft is called "human rocket", because of the high speed of the wing load, the accident rate in the West German Air Force is high, but it was the most tactical nuclear strike fighter at West Germany at that time, and it was responsible for the war in the war. The mission of the target to carry out nuclear strikes, the top of the list of targets is the enemy airport.
Due to poor landing and landing performance, the F-104 needed a long, well-maintained runway to take off, but it was vulnerable in the early stages of the war. Even with a parachute, the F-104 needs an almost 1.6 km long asphalt runway to stop. The West German Air Force purchased more than 900 StarCraft fighters at a time, so how do you let these fighters disperse in wartime?
The solution is the singular rocket vertical launch system, developed by the West German Air Force and Lockheed, called "Zero Length Launch" (ZELL). By launching the F-104 combat frame on a tilting launch platform, and then propelling it under the push of the F-104's own J79 turbojet engine and the solid fuel rocket booster suspended below the rear fuselage, Just like launching a rocket.
It is envisaged that the West German Air Force will deploy dozens of nuclear-armed F-104 ZELLs in the barn or on the edge of the forest, and launch a blow to the goal of the Warsaw Pact when the war broke out. Since the full-scale nuclear war will destroy most of the airports in West Germany, in order to allow these F-104s to survive the completion of the strike mission, planners envisage the landing of the fighters on highways or airstrips by means of interception and landing. The F-104G comes with a carrier-like tail hook, which can be stopped in a short distance with the aid of the land-based blocking system after dropping the hook in the landing.
West Germany spent more than $25 million on the ZELL project, conducting a century launch test at Edwards Air Force Base in California and Bavaria, proving that the concept was successful in design. However, the huge mobile launching platform of the ZELL system is expensive and difficult to transport. Once it is discovered by enemy aircraft, it is difficult to escape the bad luck. In addition, the reliability of the system is also a problem, especially after the addition of the nuclear weapon F-104G, once the launch fails, it may lead to crash, which will lead to nuclear bomb loss. Under comprehensive consideration, the West German Air Force abandoned the project in 1966 and turned to the development of more practical vertical takeoff and landing aircraft.
Coincidentally, the Soviet Union also carried out the MiG-19/SM-30 rocket boost zero-length take-off test during the same period, and finally canceled the project for the same reason. (Author's signature: Air Force Wing)
西德空军机场被炸烂也不怕 人操火箭发射器送战机上天
2018年08月21日 18:07 新浪军事
0
在冷战年代的阴沉岁月里，没有任何一个国家在即将降临的第三次世界大战中面临的威胁会西德那样严重，因为该国是美苏全面冲突的主要战场，其国土会在有史以来最大规模核战争中遭受严重破坏。
所以毫不奇怪，北约认为战争一旦爆发，西德境内的空军基地会在第一时间内遭受华约的核打击，预期寿命相当短暂。在1967年6月的六日战争中，以色列对阿拉伯国家空军基地的突然袭击也表明，传统军用机场是多么容易遭受攻击。
在中欧平原，由飞机、巡航导弹、火箭炮、火炮投掷的战术核武器进一步削弱了空军基地在第三次世界大战爆发时的幸存机会。西德军用机场缺乏纵深，使问题进一步复杂化。
为了提供一些缓冲区，西德把军用机场都建设在该国最西部，尽量远离东德边境，但这也只能提供一些心理上的安慰，因为最近的西德空军基地距离边境只有129公里。对于华约战斗机来说这是一个一步之遥的距离。
为了提高核战争条件下空军部队的生存能力，西德空军做了两手准备。一方面增强空军基地的防空能力，加强机场基础设施，提高飞机起降和跑道维修效率。另一方面在战时把战机疏散到简易机场甚至是高速公路上起飞迎敌。对于西德空军司令部来说，终极解决方案是装备能像直升机一样垂直起降的战机，彻底抛弃对传统跑道的依赖……
20世纪60年代初，西德空军开始从美国购入大批洛克希德F-104“星际战斗机”。该机虽然人称“人操火箭”，因翼载高起降速度大在西德空军中的事故率居高不下，却是当时西德最为倚重的战术核打击战斗机，在战争中担负对华约目标实施核打击的重任，其目标清单中最顶部的是敌方机场。
由于起降性能差，F-104需要一条维护良好的长跑道才能起飞，但这在战争初期很容易遭受攻击。即使装备有减速伞，F-104也需要几乎1.6公里长的沥青跑道才能停下来。西德空军一口气购买了900多架星际战斗机，那么在战时怎样让这些战斗机分散作战呢？
解决方案就是奇葩的火箭垂直发射系统，该系统由西德空军和洛克希德公司共同研制，名为“零长度发射”（ZELL）。通过把F-104战斗机架在一个倾斜发射平台上，然后在F-104自身J79涡喷发动机的加力推力和悬挂在后机身下方的固体燃料火箭助推器的推动下徐徐升空，就像发射火箭一般。
按照设想，西德空军将把数十架核武装F-104 ZELL分散部署在谷仓中或森林边缘，在战争爆发时升空对华约目标实施打击。由于全面核战争将会摧毁西德境内的大部分机场，为了让这些完成打击任务后幸存的F-104降落，规划者们设想通过拦阻降落方式辅助战斗机降落在高速公路或简易机场。F-104G自带舰载机般的尾钩，降落中放下勾住拦阻索后，就能在陆基拦阻系统的辅助下在短距离内停止下来。
西德在ZELL项目上花费了2500多万美元，在加州爱德华兹空军基地和巴伐利亚州进行世纪发射试验，证明了这个概念在设计上是成功的。但ZELL系统庞大的移动发射平台操作费用昂贵且难以运输，一旦被敌机发现就难逃被击毁的厄运。此外该系统的可靠性也成问题，尤其是在加上挂载有核武器的F-104G之后，一旦发射失败就可能导致坠机，进而引发核弹丢失事故。综合考虑之下，西德空军在1966年放弃了该项目，转而资助更实用的垂直起降战机的研制。
无独有偶，苏联在同一时期也进行了米格-19/SM-30火箭助推零长度起飞测试，最后因相同原因而取消项目。（作者署名：空军之翼）
