The murder of four-year-old Megan Khung was deeply distressing and painful to read.
The torture that led to her death shocked the nation and prompted an official review as authorities grappled with the question: How did we allow a little girl — someone who passed through the hands of several agencies — to suffer and die in this way?
This letter is not written to find fault, but to reflect on our collective responsibility.
It is easy to say, “The government or the agencies failed.”
But governments, agencies, and the systems we build are shaped by our collective conscience — or lack of it.
Systems are built by people, and through our actions or inactions, we allow these systems to persist, exist, or change.
And so I write this letter to fulfil my responsibility as a citizen — to offer reflections on how we all failed her, even though I never met her. Because Megan was not just another case file.
She was a child of this nation, deserving of love and protection.
The cruelty she endured could have been prevented if everyone had seen her not as a “case,” but as a child.
I would like to begin by acknowledging something rare in governance — the courage of our Government to confront its own failures through the public release of the review into the tragic death of little Megan Khung.
It takes humility and integrity for any system to look inward and ask, “Where did we go wrong?”
The decision to commission and publish such a detailed report deserves recognition. It shows that our institutions are capable of self-examination and that there are people within the system who truly care about learning from loss.
When Systems Are Drenched in Fear:
Megan’s story has broken many hearts. But more than that, it has revealed a deeper truth — that she was the victim of a system drenched in fear.
Fear of making mistakes.
Fear of over-stepping authority.
Fear of being blamed for challenging the way things are done.
As The Straits Times reported, Mr Daniel Lopez of Lakeside Family Services observed that many social workers “fear making a mistake in escalating cases and adding stress to the system.”
He added that differing risk assessments between agencies can be discouraging for those on the ground.
This is a vital insight. It tells us that the problem is not just about rules — it is cultural.
When people are afraid to question, conscience goes silent.
When the desire to “follow the system” outweighs the duty to protect life, tragedy becomes inevitable.
No amount of new procedures or bureaucratic reviews can fix what fear has broken.
What we need is not more systems, but more conscience — a culture where people feel safe to act from moral clarity, not institutional fear.
Beyond Obedience to Conscience:
In a healthy nation, anyone — regardless of rank — should have the right and duty to challenge decisions that violate law, reason, or humanity.
A police officer should be empowered to question an unjust order.
A teacher or social worker should never fear repercussions for escalating a child’s case.
A civil servant should not have to choose between keeping their job and keeping their integrity.
We must move from a personality-based system — where authority is obeyed because of rank — to a principle-based system, where authority is respected because it upholds truth, compassion, and justice.
It takes a village:
There is an old saying: “It takes a village to raise a child.”
But for Megan, that village failed.
We are that village — every one of us.
If each of us were just a little less fearful, a little less selfish, and a little more willing to care for one another, then Singapore could truly be our home. A home where no one — not even the most vulnerable or defenceless — slips through the cracks.
True progress is not measured by GDP or global rankings, but by how we treat our weakest. When conscience guides every heart, when compassion replaces fear, our systems will heal — because our people have healed.
Megan, we are sorry.
We are sorry that we failed to see you, failed to hear you, and failed to protect you.
Your short life has become our nation’s mirror.
May your memory awaken in us the courage to live differently —
to lead with conscience,
to act with love,
and to never again let fear decide who is worthy of care.
When conscience leads, humanity thrives.
Let this be your legacy, Megan.
Iris Koh
Daughter of Singapore.—