Here is a list of electoral fraud methods
Direct Method
- voting buying
- phantom voters
- threatening or denying voters from voting
- stuffing ballot papers
- switching ballot boxes
- bribing polling agents
- threatening polling agents
- coup de tat
Indirect Method
- pork barrel politics
- gerrymandering - re-drawing boundaries
- gerrymandering - uneven distribution of voting of population
- disqualification of eligible voters
- qualifying of ineligible voters - PR and foreigners officially becoming voting citizens
- disqualification of eligible candidates - lawsuits resulting in bankruptcy or false criminal convictions
- Compromised Electoral Commission
- Not recognising or accepting results using various pretexts ( declaring elections null and void)
- bribing or threatening opposition candidates to cross over or switch allegiance
- unexplained death of successful candidates - poisoned / murder etc
- introducing onerous requirements to reduce the pool of eligible candidates - GRC, high deposits, special eligibility requirements for minority slots etc
- using government agencies and public funds to run political campaigns
- using govt vehicles, funds to ferry friendly voters to polling stations
- using stooges and plants to provide false opposition and a false contest
- using stooges and plants to cripple genuine political parties and rivals
- blackmailing or threatening political candidates and parties to do their bidding
- controlling the media
- using subversive and sedition laws under false pretences to commit political rivals to detention
- using the tax authorities to conduct tax audits under various guises
- bogeyman politics - communists, fellow travellers, marxists,
Other well known soft methods
- monopolising potential candidates
- offering or turning over critics or potential rivals by offering plum jobs and assignments on the pretest of serving the nation
- grooming the potential cream of every school leaving cohort
- offering free carparks, early enrolment phase for Primary 1 registration, national awards, tickets for NDP parades for grassroots volunteers
- offering paid holiday trips on the pretext of nation building and bonding for grassroot organisers and volunteers
- building golf course and recreational facilities for politically symbiotic organisations
- controlling food and essentials thru symbiotic organisations making the population dependent on them
- rationalising unacceptable practices and abuses as acceptable or meritocratic.