https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2018-12-11/doc-ihmutuec8065082.shtml
中国试验10马赫超燃冲压发动机 或能一小时飞遍全球
中国试验10马赫超燃冲压发动机 或能一小时飞遍全球
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21世纪被称为高超声速飞行世纪
根据相关媒体报道，中国高超声10马赫风洞成功运行，实现了氢氧燃料超燃冲压发动机高超速条件下自主燃烧，这是中国在高超声速领域又一个重大突破。
从新闻之中氢氧燃料来看，可以确定此次试验应该达到或者接近10马赫，表明中国高超声领域研究正在向纵深发展，这个新闻关键词是氢氧燃料，现在常用的航空发动机燃料是碳氢燃料，也就是我们常说的航空煤油，它的优点是蛋性质稳定、容易保存，技术成熟，成本和费用较低，不过碳氢燃料最大问题是燃料相对较慢，这是因为碳氢燃料在燃烧之前需要一个雾化和气化过程，这对于超燃冲压发动机来说是相当不利的，因为高超速飞行条件下，气流在燃烧室驻留时间非常短，如果燃烧速度慢，就会导致燃烧效低，单位燃烧产生的能量减少，一般认为碳氢燃料可以满足速度在8马赫以下高超声速飞行，超过这个速度就需要氢氧燃料。
国产氢氧燃料超燃冲压发动机工作状态图
氢氧燃料与碳氢燃料相比，最大特点就是燃烧速度，氢氧燃料燃烧速度是后者的5倍左右，这样燃烧效率就会成倍提高，大约是后者3倍左右，因此氢氧燃料更加适合10马赫以上速度，不过氢氧发动机最大缺点就是液态氢制备困难，状态不稳定，运输、存储也非常困难，另外液氢温度极低，对于发动机材料和工艺都是挑战，不过氢氧燃料蕴含巨大优势，特别是高超声领域优势更大，仍然被认为是最理想的高超声速燃料。
超燃冲压发动机相当于“在龙卷风之中点燃一根火柴并且稳定的燃烧”
氢氧燃料超燃冲压发动机存在许多技术上难题，前面说过氢氧超燃冲压发动机飞行速度高达10马赫，气流在燃烧室停留时间极短，因此要求燃料迅速与空气混合，然后燃烧，此次试验就突破了这个关键技术，在百分之一的眨眼时间（5毫秒）内实现了氢燃料与速度近3千米/秒（10000公里/小时）空气之间的空间交汇，并且达到“你中有我，我中有你”的水乳交融状态，还有就是超高速气流条件下启动并且稳定燃烧，有人这样形容难度“相当于在龙卷风之中点燃一根火柴，并且稳定燃烧”，试验之中相关单位利用光壁横向喷注与凹腔稳焰相结合的技术，实现了火焰稳定燃烧，尽管时间可能不会太长，不过也表明国产氢氧燃烧超燃冲压发动机已经迈出了可喜的第一步。
高超声速飞行器能够1小时打击全球目标
国产腾云飞行器
全球航空航天界普遍认为新世纪是“高超声飞行世纪”，高超声飞行器是未来发展趋势和制高点，它在军用、民用领域存在巨大价值，高超声速飞行器迈过10马赫大关之后，就可以实现全球1小时打击目标，极大提高了对紧急事态反应能力，另外由于高超声速飞行器航迹灵活，不象弹道导弹那样比较呆板，对方拦截更困难，民用领域，现在喷气式客机跨洋或者洲际飞行需要10个小时以上的时间，未来高超声速飞行器只需要1-2个小时，可以减少大量时间，提高了社会运转效率，从而节约了大量成本和费用，从这个角度来讲，国产氢氧燃料超燃冲压发动机发展为国产高超声飞行器发展打下了坚实的基础，从而能够在未来竞争之中占据有利地位。（作者署名：小飞猪观察）
China test 10 Mach super-burning ramjet or fly globally in one hour
December 11, 2018 09:36 Sina Military
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The 21st century is known as the hypersonic flight century.
According to relevant media reports, China's high-intensity 10 Mach wind tunnel successfully operated, achieving auto-ignition of hydrogen-oxygen fuel scramjet high-speed conditions, which is another major breakthrough in China's hypersonic speed.
From the perspective of oxyhydrogen fuel in the news, it can be determined that the test should reach or approach Mach 10, indicating that the research in China's high-ultrasound field is developing in depth. The key word of this news is oxyhydrogen fuel. The commonly used aviation engine fuel is carbon. Hydrogen fuel, also known as aviation kerosene, has the advantage that the egg is stable in nature, easy to preserve, mature in technology, and low in cost and cost. However, the biggest problem with hydrocarbon fuel is that the fuel is relatively slow because of hydrocarbon fuel. An atomization and gasification process is required before combustion, which is quite disadvantageous for a scramjet engine because the gas flow in the combustion chamber is very short during high overspeed flight conditions. If the combustion rate is slow, it will cause combustion. Low efficiency, reduced energy produced by unit combustion, it is generally believed that hydrocarbon fuel can meet the high-sonic flight speed below 8 Mach, and more than this speed requires hydrogen-oxygen fuel.
Working state diagram of domestic hydrogen-oxygen fuel scramjet
Compared with hydrocarbon fuels, the most characteristic feature of hydrogen-oxygen fuel is the burning speed. The burning speed of hydrogen-oxygen fuel is about 5 times that of the latter, so the combustion efficiency will be doubled, about three times that of the latter. Therefore, hydrogen-oxygen fuel It is more suitable for speeds above Mach 10, but the biggest disadvantage of hydrogen-oxygen engine is that it is difficult to prepare liquid hydrogen, the state is unstable, transportation and storage are very difficult, and the liquid hydrogen temperature is extremely low, which is a challenge for engine materials and processes, but hydrogen-oxygen fuel It has great advantages, especially in the field of high ultrasound, and is still considered to be the most ideal hypersonic fuel.
A scramjet is equivalent to "igniting a match in a tornado and burning it steadily"
Hydrogen-oxygen fuel scramjet engines have many technical problems. As mentioned above, the hydrogen-oxygen scramjet engine has a flight speed of up to Mach 10, and the airflow stays in the combustion chamber for a very short time. Therefore, the fuel is required to be rapidly mixed with air and then burned. The test broke through this key technology, achieving a spatial convergence between hydrogen fuel and air at speeds of nearly 3 km/s (10,000 km/h) in one-hundredth of a blink of an eye (5 milliseconds) and reaching "you There is me, I have you in the state of water and milk blending, and there is the start of high-speed airflow and stable combustion. Some people describe the difficulty as "equivalent to igniting a match in a tornado and burning stably". The relevant unit uses the technology of combining horizontal jet injection with concave flame to achieve stable flame combustion, although the time may not be too long, but it also shows that the domestic oxy-combustion scramjet has made a welcome step.
Hypersonic aircraft can hit global targets in one hour
Domestic Tengyun Aircraft
The global aerospace industry generally believes that the new century is a "high-sonic flight century". The high-vibration aircraft is the future development trend and commanding height. It has great value in the military and civilian fields. After the hypersonic vehicle passes the Mach 10 mark, it can be realized. The global one-hour strike target has greatly improved the ability to respond to emergencies. In addition, because the hypersonic aircraft has flexible track, it is not as rigid as ballistic missiles, and the interception of the other side is more difficult. In the civilian field, jet passengers are now transoceanic or intercontinental. It takes more than 10 hours. In the future, the hypersonic vehicle will only take 1-2 hours, which can reduce a lot of time and improve the efficiency of social operation, thus saving a lot of cost and cost. From this perspective, the domestic hydrogen-oxygen fuel is super. The development of the ramjet engine has laid a solid foundation for the development of domestic high-sonic aircraft, so that it can occupy a favorable position in the future competition. (Author's signature: Xiaofei pig observation)
