Tesla has just fired up in Corpus Christi (no, it’s not made up...) the first major lithium refinery in the United States, and what strikes me isn’t the made in USA. It’s that Musk has tossed the standard approach in the trash to rethink the whole process from scratch.
The refinery runs without sulfuric acid. Six steps instead of eight to twelve, a million electric vehicles per year in nominal capacity, 50 GWh in the long run. No toxic sodium sulfate to deal with afterward, just a nearly inert mineral residue they call analcime. On paper it smells like storytelling, except the plant has actually been running since January and the investment has topped a billion dollars.
It’s the industrial answer to fifteen years of Chinese dependency on refining. China controls the majority of the world’s refined lithium, not because it has the deposits, but because it absorbed the environmental externalities that no Western company wanted to shoulder. Tesla proves you can sidestep the problem instead of subsidizing it.