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校场：印巴两国的造舰实力能有多大差距？
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2020.09.17 09:44:06
据《世界防务》网站报道，当地时间 9月10日，印度海军P-17A型隐形护卫舰3号舰“乌德耶吉里”号在孟买马扎冈造船厂举行了龙骨铺设仪式。几乎同一时间，同样身处南亚次大陆的巴基斯坦，也即将在本国展开054AP型护卫舰的建造工作。作为历史上曾经爆发过三次战争的两个南亚强国，你追我赶的开始新型战舰的建造，自然也别有一番看点。其中的重头戏，当然就是两国各自的舰艇建造水平。
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根据印度人的说法，P-17A型护卫舰是P-17型“什瓦里克”级护卫舰的放大增强型，而P-17型也就是俄罗斯11356型护卫舰的放大版，两者采用了基本相同的船电系统和武器。作为P-17护卫舰的升级型，P-17A型护卫舰沿用了P-17型护卫舰的舰体与动力装置，但在船电和武器装备上抛弃了俄制“顶板”雷达和“无风-1”舰空导弹系统，转而采用了32联装的以色列“闪电-8”防空导弹与EL/M-2248有源相控阵雷达的组合。至此，以色列制造的防空系统完全占领了印度新型驱护舰的市场。采用了这套系统后P-17A这型相对低端的护卫舰，也一举拥有了与P-15B“维沙卡帕特南”级驱逐舰看齐的防空能力
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在这型护卫舰建造完成并交付后，印度海军也有望实现主战装备的全面“国产”化。虽然与一般意义上的国产化相比，印度造船厂所能做的仅仅是建造一个船壳并为其安装各种引进设备，但相比仍然在买买买道路上不思进取的印度陆军和印度空军而言，印度海军已经算得上是“印度制造”的顶梁柱了。按照印度海军目前的规划，在2027年前，印度海军的主要水面作战舰艇将达到198艘。其中新建部分包括4艘P-15B“维沙卡帕特南”级驱逐舰、7艘P-17A“尼尔吉里”级护卫舰以及1艘“维克兰特”级航母，可以说是目前世界上排名第三的海军造舰规划。
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印度多年以来一直有打造3支航母战斗群，在印度洋取得海上力量优势，并将触角伸向南海等海域的野心。凭借得天独厚的地缘政治优势，印度在水面舰艇建造上曾一度位居亚洲前列，与韩国平分秋色。1997年服役的“德里”级驱逐舰满载排水量达到6200吨，装备了包括16枚Kh-35“天王星”反舰导弹以及48枚9M38舰对空导弹在内的反舰和防空武器，整体作战性能可以和“现代”级驱逐舰相提并论，在当年算得上是亚洲领先的作战舰艇。
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但进入21世纪后，印度在舰艇建造和子系统配套等方面开始全面落后于世界主流水平，加之“将印度洋变成印度之洋”的政治任务所需，印度必须大量从外国（俄罗斯）进口主力舰艇。而在这个过程中印度闹的笑话可谓是人尽皆知，从被俄罗斯狠狠薅了一把羊毛锅炉炸了7个的“维克拉马蒂亚”号航母，到试航时发生有毒气体泄露，造成20人死亡的“查克拉II”号核潜艇……这些血淋淋的教训无不说明了一个简单的道理：爹造娘造不如“国舰国造”。
相对于整体经济发展水平而言，印度的造船工业算是相当发达，在莫迪推出“印度制造”计划后，印度国防部决定将500亿美元的大单子全部交给本国造船厂，算是在印度对自己进行武器禁运之前，在推进装备国产化方面所做的最大努力。目前印度国内总共有28家造船厂，其中包括8家国有船厂和20家民营船厂。其中马扎冈造船厂和加登里奇造船厂主要负责驱护舰建造、科钦造船厂主要负责印度“国产航母”的建造、濒临破产的印度斯坦造船厂主要负责潜艇、核潜艇的建造、果阿造船厂主要负责一些小型舰艇的建造。
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为了提升造船厂的技术实力，印度国防部还投资对这些造船厂进行了改造，在获得印度国防部的1.4亿美元投资后，马扎冈造船厂目前理论上具备同时建造5艘水面舰艇和6艘常规潜艇的能力。虽然印度船厂在管理上依然没有多大进步，而听起来相当不错的造舰能力也未必能够兑现，但整体而言已经算得上是“印度制造”的一个成功范例了。印度制造的巡逻艇和快速攻击艇等小型舰艇，也实现了对斯里兰卡、毛里求斯以及越南等国的出口。
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相比而言，作为印度在印度洋上的宿敌，巴基斯坦海军常年依靠从国外进口舰艇。比如从21型护卫舰升格而来的“塔里克”级驱逐舰以及美制“佩里”级护卫舰。巴基斯坦国内具备军用舰艇建造能力的，只有卡拉奇造船厂一家。卡拉奇造船厂全称卡拉奇造船与工程有限公司，成立于20世纪50年代中期，位于卡拉奇市区西侧半岛的西岸，整体占地面积28.7公顷，相当于印度科钦造船厂的60%，厂区拥有长度超过300米的分段制造车间以及两座干船坞。此前主要以承担中小型船舶的维修服务为主。
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与强邻印度相比，巴基斯坦的造船工业更为落后。在90年代获得许可证开始建造法国“阿戈斯塔-90B”型AIP潜艇之前，卡拉奇船厂基本没有建造过像样的军用舰艇。而造船设备的落后和管理体系的不完善，也使得卡拉奇造船厂难以按时完成订单，即使几经拖延最终交付使用，也会付出不少不必要的额外成本。直到卡拉奇船厂开始自行建造F-22P型导弹护卫舰之后，才开始对船厂设备进行一系列的改造，对钢材处理和切割、焊接、分段加工、起重等各项设备进行升级，并购置了多部40吨级起重机，用于吊装各种设备。巴基斯坦工人还接受了从戴安全帽、穿工作服到武器和电子设备安装、调试、验收、排除故障、数据整理、资料存档在内的工作流程的培训，初步具备了基本的职业素养。
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在对卡拉奇造船厂这一造船工业“独苗”进行了彻底的现代化升级后，如今巴基斯坦造船工业虽然规模并不大，但已经具备完善的建造现代化主战舰艇的能力。与之类似的还有巴基斯坦航空综合体以及塔克西拉重工等企业，都是巴基斯坦在某一装备制造领域的独苗。在国外的强力技术支援下，卡拉奇造船厂如今已经能够实现水面舰艇的按时完工交付。
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2013年11月开工、2018年10月服役的“莫阿文”号补给舰满载排水量16400吨，是卡拉奇造船厂建造过的最大舰艇，建造周期被控制在了5年内，同时保证了建造质量。随着F-22P后续舰项目的推进，未来巴基斯坦还将开始建造054AP等先进主战舰艇，并将获得S-20P等先进常规潜艇的建造能力。虽然巴基斯坦虽然在可见的将来仍然无法在国防工业规模上赶超印度，但在质量上仍有与印度一战的能力。
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客观来说，相比已经能够在驱逐舰以及航母上实现部分自主设计的印度，巴基斯坦造船工业在研发能力上还有比较大的差距。印度在引进了来自意大利的辅助设计软件后，已经能够立足于国内进行舰艇的隐身外形设计。同时在“维克兰特”号航母的建造过程中，由于俄罗斯无法按时交付特种钢材，也让印度乘机发展了本国的特种钢材生产能力。目前，根据印度的说法，建造P-17A护卫舰所需的钢材等原料已经能够由国内提供。而巴基斯坦建造的主要作战舰艇仍然需要依靠国外提供全套技术资料，并在外国技术团队指导下建造。目前巴基斯坦依靠自身技术能力设计建造的最大战斗舰艇，是排水量566吨的“阿兹玛特”级导弹艇。“阿兹玛特”级在设计中进行了一定的隐身修形，并换装C-602反舰导弹提升对海打击能力。
http://slide.mil.news.sina.com.cn/c/slide_8_91486_82955.html#p=1
School field: How big is the difference in shipbuilding strength between India and Pakistan?
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2020.09.17 09:44:06
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According to a report on the "World Defense" website, on September 10 local time, the Indian Navy's P-17A stealth frigate No. 3 "Udhya Giri" held a keel laying ceremony at the Mazagan Shipyard in Mumbai. At almost the same time, Pakistan, which is also in the South Asian subcontinent, is about to start construction of the 054AP frigate in its own country. As two South Asian powers that have erupted three wars in history, you are chasing after me to start the construction of new types of warships. Naturally, there is nothing to watch. The highlight is of course the level of ship construction of the two countries.
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According to the Indians, the P-17A frigate is an enlarged and enhanced version of the P-17 "Shiwarik" class frigate, and the P-17 is an enlarged version of the Russian 11356 frigate. The two use basically the same Ship’s electrical systems and weapons. As an upgraded version of the P-17 frigate, the P-17A frigate uses the hull and power plant of the P-17 frigate, but has abandoned the Russian "top board" radar and the "No Wind-1" in the ship's electrical and weaponry. The ship-to-air missile system instead uses a combination of the 32-unit Israeli "Lightning-8" air defense missile and EL/M-2248 active phased array radar. So far, the Israeli-made air defense system has completely occupied the market of India's new destroyer. After adopting this system, the P-17A, a relatively low-end frigate, also has an air defense capability on par with the P-15B "Visakhapatnam" class destroyer.
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After the completion and delivery of this type of frigate, the Indian Navy is also expected to realize the full "domestication" of main battle equipment. Although compared with localization in the general sense, what the Indian shipyard can do is only build a hull and install various imported equipment for it, but compared to the Indian Army and the Indian Army, which are still not aggressive on the road to buying and selling As far as the Indian Air Force is concerned, the Indian Navy can be regarded as the pillar of "Made in India". According to the current plan of the Indian Navy, by 2027, the main surface combatants of the Indian Navy will reach 198. The newly built part includes 4 P-15B "Vishakhapatnam" class destroyers, 7 P-17A "Nilgiri" class frigates, and 1 "Vikrant" class aircraft carrier. The third-ranked naval shipbuilding plan.
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For many years, India has had the ambition to build three aircraft carrier battle groups, gain sea power advantage in the Indian Ocean, and extend its tentacles to the South China Sea and other waters. Relying on its unique geopolitical advantages, India once ranked among the forefront of Asia in the construction of surface warships, and was evenly matched with South Korea. The "Delhi" class destroyer that served in 1997 has a full load displacement of 6,200 tons and is equipped with anti-ship and air defense weapons including 16 Kh-35 "Uranus" anti-ship missiles and 48 9M38 ship-to-air missiles. The overall combat performance can On par with the "Modern" class destroyers, it was considered the leading combat ship in Asia.
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However, after entering the 21st century, India began to lag behind the mainstream in the world in terms of ship construction and subsystem matching. In addition to the political mission of "turning the Indian Ocean into the Indian Ocean", India must import a large number of capital ships from foreign countries (Russia). . In this process, the jokes made in India are well known, from the Russian aircraft carrier "Vikramatia", which was smashed into a wool boiler and bombed seven, to the toxic gas leak during the sea trial. The "Chakra II" nuclear submarine that killed 20 people...These bloody lessons all illustrate a simple truth: "Building a mother and a mother is not as good as building a national ship."
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Relative to the overall economic development level, India’s shipbuilding industry is considered to be quite developed. After Modi launched the “Made in India” program, the Indian Ministry of Defense decided to hand over all the $50 billion large order to its shipyards, which is considered to be a good deal in India. Before the arms embargo, he made the best efforts to promote the localization of equipment. There are currently 28 shipyards in India, including 8 state-owned shipyards and 20 private shipyards. Among them, Mazagan Shipyard and Garden Ridge Shipyard are mainly responsible for the construction of destroyers, Cochin Shipyard is mainly responsible for the construction of India’s "domestic aircraft carrier", Hindustan Shipyard, which is on the verge of bankruptcy, is mainly responsible for the construction of submarines and nuclear submarines, and Goa Shipyard Mainly responsible for the construction of some small ships.
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In order to improve the technical strength of the shipyards, the Indian Ministry of Defense has also invested in the transformation of these shipyards. After receiving an investment of 140 million US dollars from the Indian Ministry of Defense, the Mazagan Shipyard is currently theoretically capable of building 5 surface ships and 6 ships at the same time. The capabilities of conventional submarines. Although the Indian shipyard still hasn't made much progress in management, and the shipbuilding capability that sounds quite good may not be able to realize it, it can be regarded as a successful example of "Made in India" overall. Small ships such as patrol boats and fast assault boats made in India have also been exported to Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Vietnam and other countries.
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In contrast, as India’s old enemy in the Indian Ocean, the Pakistani Navy relies on importing ships from abroad all year round. For example, the "Tariq" class destroyer upgraded from the Type 21 frigate and the US-made "Perry" class frigate. The Karachi Shipyard is the only one in Pakistan that has the capability to build military ships. Karachi Shipyard, the full name of Karachi Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd., was established in the mid-1950s. It is located on the west bank of the peninsula on the west side of Karachi. It covers an overall area of 28.7 hectares, equivalent to 60% of India’s Cochin Shipyard. A 300-meter block manufacturing workshop and two dry docks. Previously, it mainly undertook maintenance services for small and medium-sized ships.
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Compared with its strong neighbor India, Pakistan's shipbuilding industry is more backward. Before obtaining the license to start the construction of the French "Agosta-90B" AIP submarine in the 1990s, the Karachi Shipyard had basically not built a decent military ship. The backwardness of shipbuilding equipment and the imperfect management system also make it difficult for the Karachi Shipyard to complete the order on time. Even if the final delivery is delayed several times, it will pay a lot of unnecessary additional costs. It was not until the Karachi Shipyard began to build the F-22P guided-missile frigate on its own, that a series of modifications to the shipyard’s equipment began, and various equipment such as steel processing and cutting, welding, section processing, and lifting were upgraded. A 40-ton crane is used for lifting various equipment. Pakistani workers have also received training in the work process from wearing hard hats and overalls to the installation of weapons and electronic equipment, debugging, acceptance, troubleshooting, data sorting, and document archiving, and they have initially possessed basic professional qualities.
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After the complete modernization and upgrade of the Karachi Shipyard, the "single seed" of the shipbuilding industry, Pakistan's shipbuilding industry is now not large in scale, but it has a complete ability to build modern battleships. Similarly, there are Pakistan Aviation Complex and Taxila Heavy Industries and other enterprises, which are Pakistan's only seedlings in a certain equipment manufacturing field. With strong technical support from abroad, Karachi Shipyard has now been able to complete the delivery of surface ships on time.
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The "Moavin" supply ship, which started construction in November 2013 and entered service in October 2018, has a full displacement of 16,400 tons. It is the largest ship ever built by the Karachi Shipyard. The construction period is controlled within 5 years while ensuring the quality of construction. With the advancement of the F-22P follow-up ship project, Pakistan will also begin to build advanced main battleships such as 054AP in the future, and will gain the ability to build advanced conventional submarines such as S-20P. Although Pakistan will still be unable to catch up with India on the scale of its defense industry in the foreseeable future, it still has the ability to fight India in terms of quality.
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Objectively speaking, compared with India, which has been able to implement some independent designs on destroyers and aircraft carriers, the Pakistan shipbuilding industry still has a relatively large gap in research and development capabilities. After India introduced the auxiliary design software from Italy, it has been able to design the stealth shape of ships based in China. At the same time, during the construction of the "Vikrant" aircraft carrier, because Russia was unable to deliver special steel on time, India also took the opportunity to develop its own special steel production capacity. At present, according to India, the steel and other raw materials needed to build the P-17A frigate can already be provided domestically. However, the main combat ships built by Pakistan still need to rely on foreign countries to provide a full set of technical information and build them under the guidance of foreign technical teams. At present, the largest combat ship designed and built by Pakistan based on its own technical capabilities is the "Azmat" class missile boat with a displacement of 566 tons. The "Azimat" class has undergone a certain stealth modification in the design, and has been replaced with C-602 anti-ship missiles to enhance its ability to strike at sea.
But from another perspective, the long-term goal of the Pakistani navy is only to resist Indian aggression at sea and build a small and sophisticated navy. With the help of foreign countries, Pakistan’s shipbuilding industry has initially possessed such capabilities. India, on the other hand, has a clear expansionary strategic guidance of "making the Indian Ocean the Indian Ocean". To this end, India must build a large-scale and advanced fleet to counter the navy of the extraterritorial powers that may enter this region. But whether it is compared with the United States, which has been operating here for a long time, or the eastern powers that will inevitably be deeply rooted in this region in the future, India’s naval power and shipbuilding capabilities appear to be too weak. Originally, for a country like India, waking up in the dream of a "big and colorful country" as soon as possible, keeping one's duty and benevolent with neighbors is a good thing for others and ourselves. But perhaps only this romantic national spirit of "I hope I will never wake up again" can let the souls of the Indians that have nowhere to rest in it.
校场：印巴两国的造舰实力能有多大差距？
支持 键翻阅图片 列表查看
全屏观看
2020.09.17 09:44:06
据《世界防务》网站报道，当地时间 9月10日，印度海军P-17A型隐形护卫舰3号舰“乌德耶吉里”号在孟买马扎冈造船厂举行了龙骨铺设仪式。几乎同一时间，同样身处南亚次大陆的巴基斯坦，也即将在本国展开054AP型护卫舰的建造工作。作为历史上曾经爆发过三次战争的两个南亚强国，你追我赶的开始新型战舰的建造，自然也别有一番看点。其中的重头戏，当然就是两国各自的舰艇建造水平。
2/ 14
根据印度人的说法，P-17A型护卫舰是P-17型“什瓦里克”级护卫舰的放大增强型，而P-17型也就是俄罗斯11356型护卫舰的放大版，两者采用了基本相同的船电系统和武器。作为P-17护卫舰的升级型，P-17A型护卫舰沿用了P-17型护卫舰的舰体与动力装置，但在船电和武器装备上抛弃了俄制“顶板”雷达和“无风-1”舰空导弹系统，转而采用了32联装的以色列“闪电-8”防空导弹与EL/M-2248有源相控阵雷达的组合。至此，以色列制造的防空系统完全占领了印度新型驱护舰的市场。采用了这套系统后P-17A这型相对低端的护卫舰，也一举拥有了与P-15B“维沙卡帕特南”级驱逐舰看齐的防空能力
3/ 14
在这型护卫舰建造完成并交付后，印度海军也有望实现主战装备的全面“国产”化。虽然与一般意义上的国产化相比，印度造船厂所能做的仅仅是建造一个船壳并为其安装各种引进设备，但相比仍然在买买买道路上不思进取的印度陆军和印度空军而言，印度海军已经算得上是“印度制造”的顶梁柱了。按照印度海军目前的规划，在2027年前，印度海军的主要水面作战舰艇将达到198艘。其中新建部分包括4艘P-15B“维沙卡帕特南”级驱逐舰、7艘P-17A“尼尔吉里”级护卫舰以及1艘“维克兰特”级航母，可以说是目前世界上排名第三的海军造舰规划。
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印度多年以来一直有打造3支航母战斗群，在印度洋取得海上力量优势，并将触角伸向南海等海域的野心。凭借得天独厚的地缘政治优势，印度在水面舰艇建造上曾一度位居亚洲前列，与韩国平分秋色。1997年服役的“德里”级驱逐舰满载排水量达到6200吨，装备了包括16枚Kh-35“天王星”反舰导弹以及48枚9M38舰对空导弹在内的反舰和防空武器，整体作战性能可以和“现代”级驱逐舰相提并论，在当年算得上是亚洲领先的作战舰艇。
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但进入21世纪后，印度在舰艇建造和子系统配套等方面开始全面落后于世界主流水平，加之“将印度洋变成印度之洋”的政治任务所需，印度必须大量从外国（俄罗斯）进口主力舰艇。而在这个过程中印度闹的笑话可谓是人尽皆知，从被俄罗斯狠狠薅了一把羊毛锅炉炸了7个的“维克拉马蒂亚”号航母，到试航时发生有毒气体泄露，造成20人死亡的“查克拉II”号核潜艇……这些血淋淋的教训无不说明了一个简单的道理：爹造娘造不如“国舰国造”。
相对于整体经济发展水平而言，印度的造船工业算是相当发达，在莫迪推出“印度制造”计划后，印度国防部决定将500亿美元的大单子全部交给本国造船厂，算是在印度对自己进行武器禁运之前，在推进装备国产化方面所做的最大努力。目前印度国内总共有28家造船厂，其中包括8家国有船厂和20家民营船厂。其中马扎冈造船厂和加登里奇造船厂主要负责驱护舰建造、科钦造船厂主要负责印度“国产航母”的建造、濒临破产的印度斯坦造船厂主要负责潜艇、核潜艇的建造、果阿造船厂主要负责一些小型舰艇的建造。
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为了提升造船厂的技术实力，印度国防部还投资对这些造船厂进行了改造，在获得印度国防部的1.4亿美元投资后，马扎冈造船厂目前理论上具备同时建造5艘水面舰艇和6艘常规潜艇的能力。虽然印度船厂在管理上依然没有多大进步，而听起来相当不错的造舰能力也未必能够兑现，但整体而言已经算得上是“印度制造”的一个成功范例了。印度制造的巡逻艇和快速攻击艇等小型舰艇，也实现了对斯里兰卡、毛里求斯以及越南等国的出口。
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相比而言，作为印度在印度洋上的宿敌，巴基斯坦海军常年依靠从国外进口舰艇。比如从21型护卫舰升格而来的“塔里克”级驱逐舰以及美制“佩里”级护卫舰。巴基斯坦国内具备军用舰艇建造能力的，只有卡拉奇造船厂一家。卡拉奇造船厂全称卡拉奇造船与工程有限公司，成立于20世纪50年代中期，位于卡拉奇市区西侧半岛的西岸，整体占地面积28.7公顷，相当于印度科钦造船厂的60%，厂区拥有长度超过300米的分段制造车间以及两座干船坞。此前主要以承担中小型船舶的维修服务为主。
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与强邻印度相比，巴基斯坦的造船工业更为落后。在90年代获得许可证开始建造法国“阿戈斯塔-90B”型AIP潜艇之前，卡拉奇船厂基本没有建造过像样的军用舰艇。而造船设备的落后和管理体系的不完善，也使得卡拉奇造船厂难以按时完成订单，即使几经拖延最终交付使用，也会付出不少不必要的额外成本。直到卡拉奇船厂开始自行建造F-22P型导弹护卫舰之后，才开始对船厂设备进行一系列的改造，对钢材处理和切割、焊接、分段加工、起重等各项设备进行升级，并购置了多部40吨级起重机，用于吊装各种设备。巴基斯坦工人还接受了从戴安全帽、穿工作服到武器和电子设备安装、调试、验收、排除故障、数据整理、资料存档在内的工作流程的培训，初步具备了基本的职业素养。
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在对卡拉奇造船厂这一造船工业“独苗”进行了彻底的现代化升级后，如今巴基斯坦造船工业虽然规模并不大，但已经具备完善的建造现代化主战舰艇的能力。与之类似的还有巴基斯坦航空综合体以及塔克西拉重工等企业，都是巴基斯坦在某一装备制造领域的独苗。在国外的强力技术支援下，卡拉奇造船厂如今已经能够实现水面舰艇的按时完工交付。
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2013年11月开工、2018年10月服役的“莫阿文”号补给舰满载排水量16400吨，是卡拉奇造船厂建造过的最大舰艇，建造周期被控制在了5年内，同时保证了建造质量。随着F-22P后续舰项目的推进，未来巴基斯坦还将开始建造054AP等先进主战舰艇，并将获得S-20P等先进常规潜艇的建造能力。虽然巴基斯坦虽然在可见的将来仍然无法在国防工业规模上赶超印度，但在质量上仍有与印度一战的能力。
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客观来说，相比已经能够在驱逐舰以及航母上实现部分自主设计的印度，巴基斯坦造船工业在研发能力上还有比较大的差距。印度在引进了来自意大利的辅助设计软件后，已经能够立足于国内进行舰艇的隐身外形设计。同时在“维克兰特”号航母的建造过程中，由于俄罗斯无法按时交付特种钢材，也让印度乘机发展了本国的特种钢材生产能力。目前，根据印度的说法，建造P-17A护卫舰所需的钢材等原料已经能够由国内提供。而巴基斯坦建造的主要作战舰艇仍然需要依靠国外提供全套技术资料，并在外国技术团队指导下建造。目前巴基斯坦依靠自身技术能力设计建造的最大战斗舰艇，是排水量566吨的“阿兹玛特”级导弹艇。“阿兹玛特”级在设计中进行了一定的隐身修形，并换装C-602反舰导弹提升对海打击能力。
http://slide.mil.news.sina.com.cn/c/slide_8_91486_82955.html#p=1
School field: How big is the difference in shipbuilding strength between India and Pakistan?
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2020.09.17 09:44:06
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According to a report on the "World Defense" website, on September 10 local time, the Indian Navy's P-17A stealth frigate No. 3 "Udhya Giri" held a keel laying ceremony at the Mazagan Shipyard in Mumbai. At almost the same time, Pakistan, which is also in the South Asian subcontinent, is about to start construction of the 054AP frigate in its own country. As two South Asian powers that have erupted three wars in history, you are chasing after me to start the construction of new types of warships. Naturally, there is nothing to watch. The highlight is of course the level of ship construction of the two countries.
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According to the Indians, the P-17A frigate is an enlarged and enhanced version of the P-17 "Shiwarik" class frigate, and the P-17 is an enlarged version of the Russian 11356 frigate. The two use basically the same Ship’s electrical systems and weapons. As an upgraded version of the P-17 frigate, the P-17A frigate uses the hull and power plant of the P-17 frigate, but has abandoned the Russian "top board" radar and the "No Wind-1" in the ship's electrical and weaponry. The ship-to-air missile system instead uses a combination of the 32-unit Israeli "Lightning-8" air defense missile and EL/M-2248 active phased array radar. So far, the Israeli-made air defense system has completely occupied the market of India's new destroyer. After adopting this system, the P-17A, a relatively low-end frigate, also has an air defense capability on par with the P-15B "Visakhapatnam" class destroyer.
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After the completion and delivery of this type of frigate, the Indian Navy is also expected to realize the full "domestication" of main battle equipment. Although compared with localization in the general sense, what the Indian shipyard can do is only build a hull and install various imported equipment for it, but compared to the Indian Army and the Indian Army, which are still not aggressive on the road to buying and selling As far as the Indian Air Force is concerned, the Indian Navy can be regarded as the pillar of "Made in India". According to the current plan of the Indian Navy, by 2027, the main surface combatants of the Indian Navy will reach 198. The newly built part includes 4 P-15B "Vishakhapatnam" class destroyers, 7 P-17A "Nilgiri" class frigates, and 1 "Vikrant" class aircraft carrier. The third-ranked naval shipbuilding plan.
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For many years, India has had the ambition to build three aircraft carrier battle groups, gain sea power advantage in the Indian Ocean, and extend its tentacles to the South China Sea and other waters. Relying on its unique geopolitical advantages, India once ranked among the forefront of Asia in the construction of surface warships, and was evenly matched with South Korea. The "Delhi" class destroyer that served in 1997 has a full load displacement of 6,200 tons and is equipped with anti-ship and air defense weapons including 16 Kh-35 "Uranus" anti-ship missiles and 48 9M38 ship-to-air missiles. The overall combat performance can On par with the "Modern" class destroyers, it was considered the leading combat ship in Asia.
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However, after entering the 21st century, India began to lag behind the mainstream in the world in terms of ship construction and subsystem matching. In addition to the political mission of "turning the Indian Ocean into the Indian Ocean", India must import a large number of capital ships from foreign countries (Russia). . In this process, the jokes made in India are well known, from the Russian aircraft carrier "Vikramatia", which was smashed into a wool boiler and bombed seven, to the toxic gas leak during the sea trial. The "Chakra II" nuclear submarine that killed 20 people...These bloody lessons all illustrate a simple truth: "Building a mother and a mother is not as good as building a national ship."
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Relative to the overall economic development level, India’s shipbuilding industry is considered to be quite developed. After Modi launched the “Made in India” program, the Indian Ministry of Defense decided to hand over all the $50 billion large order to its shipyards, which is considered to be a good deal in India. Before the arms embargo, he made the best efforts to promote the localization of equipment. There are currently 28 shipyards in India, including 8 state-owned shipyards and 20 private shipyards. Among them, Mazagan Shipyard and Garden Ridge Shipyard are mainly responsible for the construction of destroyers, Cochin Shipyard is mainly responsible for the construction of India’s "domestic aircraft carrier", Hindustan Shipyard, which is on the verge of bankruptcy, is mainly responsible for the construction of submarines and nuclear submarines, and Goa Shipyard Mainly responsible for the construction of some small ships.
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In order to improve the technical strength of the shipyards, the Indian Ministry of Defense has also invested in the transformation of these shipyards. After receiving an investment of 140 million US dollars from the Indian Ministry of Defense, the Mazagan Shipyard is currently theoretically capable of building 5 surface ships and 6 ships at the same time. The capabilities of conventional submarines. Although the Indian shipyard still hasn't made much progress in management, and the shipbuilding capability that sounds quite good may not be able to realize it, it can be regarded as a successful example of "Made in India" overall. Small ships such as patrol boats and fast assault boats made in India have also been exported to Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Vietnam and other countries.
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In contrast, as India’s old enemy in the Indian Ocean, the Pakistani Navy relies on importing ships from abroad all year round. For example, the "Tariq" class destroyer upgraded from the Type 21 frigate and the US-made "Perry" class frigate. The Karachi Shipyard is the only one in Pakistan that has the capability to build military ships. Karachi Shipyard, the full name of Karachi Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd., was established in the mid-1950s. It is located on the west bank of the peninsula on the west side of Karachi. It covers an overall area of 28.7 hectares, equivalent to 60% of India’s Cochin Shipyard. A 300-meter block manufacturing workshop and two dry docks. Previously, it mainly undertook maintenance services for small and medium-sized ships.
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Compared with its strong neighbor India, Pakistan's shipbuilding industry is more backward. Before obtaining the license to start the construction of the French "Agosta-90B" AIP submarine in the 1990s, the Karachi Shipyard had basically not built a decent military ship. The backwardness of shipbuilding equipment and the imperfect management system also make it difficult for the Karachi Shipyard to complete the order on time. Even if the final delivery is delayed several times, it will pay a lot of unnecessary additional costs. It was not until the Karachi Shipyard began to build the F-22P guided-missile frigate on its own, that a series of modifications to the shipyard’s equipment began, and various equipment such as steel processing and cutting, welding, section processing, and lifting were upgraded. A 40-ton crane is used for lifting various equipment. Pakistani workers have also received training in the work process from wearing hard hats and overalls to the installation of weapons and electronic equipment, debugging, acceptance, troubleshooting, data sorting, and document archiving, and they have initially possessed basic professional qualities.
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After the complete modernization and upgrade of the Karachi Shipyard, the "single seed" of the shipbuilding industry, Pakistan's shipbuilding industry is now not large in scale, but it has a complete ability to build modern battleships. Similarly, there are Pakistan Aviation Complex and Taxila Heavy Industries and other enterprises, which are Pakistan's only seedlings in a certain equipment manufacturing field. With strong technical support from abroad, Karachi Shipyard has now been able to complete the delivery of surface ships on time.
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The "Moavin" supply ship, which started construction in November 2013 and entered service in October 2018, has a full displacement of 16,400 tons. It is the largest ship ever built by the Karachi Shipyard. The construction period is controlled within 5 years while ensuring the quality of construction. With the advancement of the F-22P follow-up ship project, Pakistan will also begin to build advanced main battleships such as 054AP in the future, and will gain the ability to build advanced conventional submarines such as S-20P. Although Pakistan will still be unable to catch up with India on the scale of its defense industry in the foreseeable future, it still has the ability to fight India in terms of quality.
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Objectively speaking, compared with India, which has been able to implement some independent designs on destroyers and aircraft carriers, the Pakistan shipbuilding industry still has a relatively large gap in research and development capabilities. After India introduced the auxiliary design software from Italy, it has been able to design the stealth shape of ships based in China. At the same time, during the construction of the "Vikrant" aircraft carrier, because Russia was unable to deliver special steel on time, India also took the opportunity to develop its own special steel production capacity. At present, according to India, the steel and other raw materials needed to build the P-17A frigate can already be provided domestically. However, the main combat ships built by Pakistan still need to rely on foreign countries to provide a full set of technical information and build them under the guidance of foreign technical teams. At present, the largest combat ship designed and built by Pakistan based on its own technical capabilities is the "Azmat" class missile boat with a displacement of 566 tons. The "Azimat" class has undergone a certain stealth modification in the design, and has been replaced with C-602 anti-ship missiles to enhance its ability to strike at sea.
But from another perspective, the long-term goal of the Pakistani navy is only to resist Indian aggression at sea and build a small and sophisticated navy. With the help of foreign countries, Pakistan’s shipbuilding industry has initially possessed such capabilities. India, on the other hand, has a clear expansionary strategic guidance of "making the Indian Ocean the Indian Ocean". To this end, India must build a large-scale and advanced fleet to counter the navy of the extraterritorial powers that may enter this region. But whether it is compared with the United States, which has been operating here for a long time, or the eastern powers that will inevitably be deeply rooted in this region in the future, India’s naval power and shipbuilding capabilities appear to be too weak. Originally, for a country like India, waking up in the dream of a "big and colorful country" as soon as possible, keeping one's duty and benevolent with neighbors is a good thing for others and ourselves. But perhaps only this romantic national spirit of "I hope I will never wake up again" can let the souls of the Indians that have nowhere to rest in it.
