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https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2019-04-16/doc-ihvhiewr6332082.shtml
巴铁或将购俄90亿美元武器 而且还是印度挑剩下的？
巴铁或将购俄90亿美元武器 而且还是印度挑剩下的？
148
由于历史和地缘政治的原因，过去巴基斯坦采购武器的主要来源，一个是美国，另一个就是中国。俄罗斯武器装备由于长期以来都是印度方面主要采购的对象，所以巴基斯坦基本排除在外。
但是，这种状况看来要发生变化了。
“巴铁”动心了？
马基延科
据俄罗斯卫星通讯社4月15日报道，俄罗斯战略与技术独立分析中心副主任康斯坦丁·马基延科表示，巴基斯坦对购买俄制武器的需求很浓厚，目前巴方感兴趣的武器订单总额可能达到约90亿美元。
而对于这些装备，俄方透露，伊斯兰堡主要是对俄罗斯生产的战斗机、防空系统、坦克和军舰青睐有加。
马基延科表示：“巴基斯坦对购买俄制武器和军事技术装备的潜在需求达80-90亿美元。巴基斯坦或可成为多个种类俄制武器的买家，其中包括重型和中型歼击机、近中远程防空系统、主战坦克和水面舰艇。”
不过，有俄罗斯消息人士说，俄方还是将印度作为俄制武器优先供应的对象，所以提供给巴基斯坦的可能是印度武装力量放弃购买的武器系统。这些武器包括米格-35战斗机、俄罗斯各种类型的战斗直升机、重型运输直升机米-26T2等等。
这位俄专家指出，考虑到巴基斯坦军火市场上竞争水平并不激烈，美国对巴基斯坦的武器供应已经基本暂停，目前该市场上实际上只有中国一家，所以俄罗斯或可获得非常有利的合同条款。
马基延科表示：“巴基斯坦未提出补偿义务、技术转让、生产本地化和其他负担问题，这些负担已成为竞争激烈军火市场事实上的标准。”
由于有不少武器需要更新换代，俄罗斯方面认为，巴基斯坦无论如何都将要购买所需的武器。例如像主战坦克、反坦克导弹系统和反舰岸基系统，如果不能从俄罗斯购买，俄罗斯认为巴方都可能从乌克兰购买。
自去年以来，因为美国政府与巴基斯坦的关系越来越差，所以巴基斯坦也在加强与俄罗斯的军事安全合作。去年9月，巴基斯坦驻俄罗斯大使卡济•哈里鲁拉（Qazi Khalilullah）就曾表示，巴基斯坦与俄罗斯军方关系将继续加强。
哈里鲁拉当时称：“近年来，巴基斯坦和俄罗斯军方之间的关系得到加强，包括双边高层互访，举行联合军演，军舰访问以及采购军备等。我们相信，巴基斯坦和俄罗斯军方之间的现有关系今后会继续加强。”
巴基斯坦官方也曾表示，巴基斯坦人民和政府高度重视与俄罗斯人民和政府之间的关系。并表示，两国在能源领域也有密切合作。
同样是在去年8月，俄罗斯国防部信息和大众传媒司发布消息称，俄副防长瓦列里•格拉西莫夫将军与巴基斯坦武装力量参谋长联席会议主席祖拜尔•哈亚特在莫斯科举行会谈，就双边合作和地区安全问题进行了讨论。
这次会谈中就涉及“两国在军事和军事技术领域进行双边合作的现状和前景”。格拉西莫夫将军就巴基斯坦队伍参加2018年国际军事比赛向祖拜尔将军表示感谢，并指出，巴基斯坦军人展现出了真正的技能和取胜的决心。“
在那次会谈期间，俄罗斯军方和巴基斯坦军方都确认，希望加深对话并加强防务领域的接触。
印巴都不会选差的
不过，从长远看，如果俄罗斯只能给巴基斯坦提供印度选择剩下的武器装备，巴基斯坦的兴趣将会大大下降。毕竟，巴基斯坦军事安全针对的首要对象就是印度，不可能选用比印度明显差一截的武器装备。
例如米格-35战斗机，印度2012年那份126架的军机采购大单，俄罗斯当初意在让米格-35赢得这一订单，但最后印度方面并不看好米格-35，最终败给了法国“阵风”战斗机。而中国在采购俄制战机时，压根就没考虑过米格-35，毫不犹豫地选择了苏-35战斗机，。
米格-35战机实际是米格-29的改进型，这是一款双发单座中型战机，后续还有双发双座的米格-35D。最大起飞重29.7吨，最高速度2.25马赫，最大航程3100公里，作战半径1000公里，最大挂载量7吨，可搭载空空导弹、空地导弹及精确制导炸弹。
其最值得注意的是‘甲虫’系列雷达，能同时侦测30个目标，并对其中6个实施打击。
相比之下，苏-35则是一款重型战斗机，最大起飞重34.5吨，最高速度2.25马赫，最大艁600公里，作战半径1580公里，其所搭载的雷达为更出色的“雪豹-E”相控雷达，能同时追踪30个目标，并攻击其中8个。
从各方面来说，苏-35都比米格-35更佳，所以从实际需求上看，巴基斯坦采购米格-35战机的可能性还需要观察。
根据印度方面官员前不久透露，两个中队的“阵风”战斗机将在交付后就可使用的状态下，于今年9月交付印度空军第一架该型战斗机。
但是，印度媒体《印度电讯报》透露了一条消息，让印度方面非常紧张。有美国媒体透露，卡塔尔也采购了法国的“阵风”战斗机，但是第一批为卡塔尔训练“阵风”战斗机飞行员的教官，竟然巴基斯坦方面派出的空军飞行员。
巴基斯坦的空军教官通过飞行卡塔尔引进的“阵风”战斗机，将能进一步掌握印度采购的“阵风”战斗机的性能和一些重要的数据。因此，印度媒体称，新德里希望从达索公司获得有关巴基斯坦为卡塔尔“阵风”飞行员训练的细节。
美国航空业新闻网站在这篇报道中指出，2017年11月为卡塔尔训练第一批“阵风”战斗机飞行员的是巴基斯坦交换官员。巴基斯坦国防网站在4月11日强调了这篇报道。
一些社交媒体用户将今年2月份发表在ainonline网站上的报道，与印度政府坚持对“阵风”交易保密进行了比较。莫迪政府一直表示，敏感信息可能被该国的竞争对手利用——这指的是巴基斯坦。
一名印度国防部消息人士对《印度电讯报》表示，他不清楚网上的报道。印度联邦政府日前要求印度空军向达索航空公司发出质询，寻求澄清有关巴基斯坦飞行员接受“阵风”战斗机训练的新闻报道。
如果这一情况是真实的，在印度从达索航空公司获得第一架“阵风”战机之前，巴基斯坦飞行员驾驶着“阵风”战机飞行，这将给莫迪政府带来不小的压力。因为莫迪政府坚持对这笔交易保密，并认为竞争对手（巴基斯坦）可能利用敏感信息。
但是，现在可能已经被巴基斯坦提前看光光了。
不过，法国驻印度大使亚历山大·齐格勒（Alexandre Ziegler）否认了这些报道。齐格勒在推特上回复了几篇关于这个话题的帖子，他说：“我可以确认这是假新闻。”
不过，印度空军和国防部都尚未正式出面否认这家总部位于美国的防务新闻网站的报道。
由此可见，印度方面对巴基斯坦了解本国武器是非常戒备的。如果俄罗斯向巴基斯坦出售武器，那么印度其实心里也会打鼓，会不会发生自己订购的俄罗斯武器被巴基斯坦先“了解”了一下？
俄罗斯急着卖武器
其实，这里最主要的原因，还是俄罗斯想多卖出去一些军火。
自苏联解体以来，俄罗斯一直是全球军火市场上的主动参与者，并迅速成长为全球巨头，武器出口贸易对于俄罗斯而言十分重要。根据众多知名研究机构的评估，目前，俄罗斯是全球仅次于美国的第二大武器出口国，武器出口收入是俄罗斯经济收入的重要来源。
例如在2016年，俄罗斯的出口总额为2857亿美元，而武器出口额却高达150亿美元，约占出口总额的5.2%。
俄罗斯军事技术合作局局长德米特里•舒加耶夫在今年1月表示，俄顺利完成2018年武器出口计划。舒加耶夫在接受俄NTV电视台采访时：“我们向俄总统普京汇报后，将公布最终的出口金额。今天我可以说的是，我们完成了计划。”
近3年来武器出口维持在150亿美元的水平。目前拥有出口订单总额达550亿美元。
回顾俄罗斯武器出口的历史，尤其自普京担任总统后，俄罗斯的武器出口贸易出现了长达十几年的飞速增长，武器出口额从1999年的34亿美元增长到2013年的157亿美元，高涨了440%。
随着俄罗斯已成为全球军火市场上的第二大巨头，武器出口额大增，武器出口市场也扩展到了全球各地。但是，自2013年以来，却陷于停滞的状态。
出现这种状况的原因非常复杂。近几年来，在军事、政治和经济等方面，俄罗斯主要的武器出口对象国大多发生了较大变化。例如，因自身的军事技术创新以及俄罗斯的技术转让，俄罗斯曾经重要的武器出口对象国已不再像过去那样需要大量从俄罗斯进口武器装备。
以印度为例，由于追求更先进的技术性能，以及西方国家同意转移技术，印度逐渐转向购买西方国家的武器装备。比如，印度刚刚从美国那里订购了大约24亿美元的“海鹰”反潜直升机；印度采购的法国“阵风”战斗机的上百亿美元订单早就是俄罗斯心中的痛。另外，印度还购买了美国的P-8I”海神“反潜机等等。
除经济效益之外，武器出口贸易在俄罗斯政治和军事等领域的作用和地位亦十分突出。作为外交政策的工具，武器出口贸易既可以帮助俄罗斯增进或维系与盟友之间的亲密关系，同时还能遏制俄罗斯面临的威胁—例如活跃在叙利亚和中亚地区的恐怖组织。
但是，现在俄罗斯一些传统的买家，如委内瑞拉等国因为能源价格的问题导致购买力下降，也让俄罗斯比较着急。
所以，我们看到在本月早些时候俄罗斯正式批准苏-57出口后，莫斯科准备向中国（也包括其他国家）出售其第五代战斗机。
在马来西亚举行的利马- 2019航展上俄负责武器出口的高官维克多透露，看好中俄武器贸易的未来，随着24 架苏-35的交付，中国在未来两年将决定要么再购24架，要么购买第五代战斗机，这可能是苏- 57E的一个机会。
中国会买么？这还是个疑问。（作者署名：石江月）
Https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2019-04-16/doc-ihvhiewr6332082.shtml
Pakistani Railway will buy Russia's $9 billion weapon and will India still pick the rest?
Pakistani Railway will buy Russia's $9 billion weapon and will India still pick the rest?
148
For historical and geopolitical reasons, the main source of Pakistan’s procurement of weapons in the past was the United States and the other. Since Russia’s weapons and equipment have long been the main source of purchases by India, Pakistan is basically excluded.
However, this situation seems to have changed.
"Batie" is tempted?
Makiyanko
According to the Russian satellite news agency reported on April 15, Konstantin Makiyanko, deputy director of the Russian Center for Strategic and Technological Independence Analysis, said that Pakistan’s demand for Russian-made weapons is very strong, and the total amount of weapons orders of interest to the Palestinians may be Reached about $9 billion.
For these equipments, the Russian side revealed that Islamabad is mainly interested in Russian-made fighters, air defense systems, tanks and warships.
Makiyanko said: "Pakistan's potential demand for the purchase of Russian weapons and military technology equipment amounted to 8 billion to 9 billion US dollars. Pakistan may become a buyer of many types of Russian weapons, including heavy and medium-sized fighters, near Long-range air defense systems, main battle tanks and surface ships."
However, some Russian sources said that Russia still regards India as the priority supply of Russian-made weapons, so it is likely that the Indian armed forces will give up the weapons system they purchased. These weapons include the MiG-35 fighter jet, various types of combat helicopters in Russia, the Mi-26T2 heavy transport helicopter, and so on.
The Russian expert pointed out that considering the level of competition in the Pakistani arms market is not fierce, the US supply of weapons to Pakistan has been basically suspended. At present, there is actually only one Chinese in the market, so Russia may obtain very favorable contract terms.
Makiyanko said: "Pakistan has not raised the issue of compensation obligations, technology transfer, localization of production and other burdens. These burdens have become the de facto standard for a highly competitive arms market."
Since many weapons need to be replaced, the Russian side believes that Pakistan will buy the weapons it needs anyway. For example, like main battle tanks, anti-tank missile systems and anti-ship shore-based systems, if they cannot buy from Russia, Russia believes that Pakistan may purchase from Ukraine.
Since last year, Pakistan has also strengthened its military security cooperation with Russia because of the worsening relationship between the US government and Pakistan. In September last year, Pakistani ambassador to Russia Qazi Khalilullah said that relations between Pakistan and the Russian military will continue to strengthen.
Harry Rula said at the time: "In recent years, the relationship between Pakistan and the Russian military has been strengthened, including bilateral high-level visits, joint military exercises, warship visits and procurement of armaments. We believe that between Pakistan and the Russian military The existing relationship will continue to strengthen in the future."
The Pakistani government has also stated that the Pakistani people and government attach great importance to the relationship with the Russian people and government. He also said that the two countries also have close cooperation in the energy field.
Also in August last year, the Russian Ministry of Defence Information and Mass Media Division issued a message that the Russian Deputy Defense Minister Valery Gracimov and the Chairman of the Pakistan Armed Forces Joint Chiefs of Staff Zubair Hayat in Moscow Held talks and discussed bilateral cooperation and regional security issues.
The talks involved "the status quo and prospects of bilateral cooperation in the military and military technology fields." General Grasimov expressed his gratitude to the Pakistani team for participating in the 2018 international military competition and pointed out that the Pakistani military showed their true skills and determination to win. "
During that meeting, the Russian military and the Pakistani military confirmed that they hope to deepen the dialogue and strengthen contacts in the field of defense.
India and Pakistan will not choose bad
However, in the long run, if Russia can only provide Pakistan with India to choose the remaining weapons and equipment, Pakistan’s interest will be greatly reduced. After all, the primary target of Pakistan’s military security is India, and it is impossible to choose weapons and equipment that are significantly worse than India.
For example, the MiG-35 fighter jet, India's 126 military aircraft purchase orders in 2012, Russia originally intended to let the MiG-35 win this order, but in the end, India is not optimistic about the MiG-35, and finally lost to French "Gust" fighter. When China purchased Russian-made fighters, it did not consider the MiG-35 at all, and did not hesitate to choose the Su-35 fighter.
The MiG-35 is actually a modified version of the MiG-29. It is a two-seater single-seat medium-sized fighter, followed by a two-seat two-seat MiG-35D. The maximum takeoff weight is 29.7 tons, the maximum speed is Mach 2.25, the maximum range is 3100 kilometers, the combat radius is 1000 kilometers, and the maximum load is 7 tons. It can be equipped with air-to-air missiles, air-to-ground missiles and precision guided bombs.
The most notable is the 'Beetle' series of radars, which can detect 30 targets simultaneously and strike against 6 of them.
In contrast, the Su-35 is a heavy-duty fighter with a maximum takeoff weight of 34.5 tons, a maximum speed of 2.25 Mach, a maximum speed of 600 km, and a combat radius of 1,580 km. The radar is equipped with a better "Snow Leopard-E". Phase-controlled radar can track 30 targets simultaneously and attack 8 of them.
In all respects, the Su-35 is better than the MiG-35, so from the actual demand point of view, the possibility of Pakistan purchasing the MiG-35 fighter still needs to be observed.
According to an Indian official recently revealed that the two squadrons of the "Gust" fighter will be delivered to the first aircraft of the Indian Air Force in September this year.
However, the Indian media "Indian Telegraph" revealed a message that made the Indian side very nervous. According to US media reports, Qatar also purchased French "Gust" fighters, but the first instructors who trained Qatar's "Gust" fighter pilots even sent air force pilots from Pakistan.
Pakistani air force instructors will be able to further master the performance and some important data of India's purchased "Gust" fighters by flying the "Gust" fighters launched by Qatar. Therefore, Indian media said that New Delhi hopes to obtain details from Dassault's training on Pakistan's Qatar pilots.
The US Aviation Industry News website pointed out in this report that the first batch of "Gust" fighter pilots for Qatar in November 2017 was a Pakistani exchange official. The Pakistan Defense website highlighted this report on April 11.
Some social media users have published a report on the ainonline website in February this year, comparing the Indian government’s insistence on secrecy of “gusty” transactions. The Modi government has consistently stated that sensitive information may be used by competitors in the country – this refers to Pakistan.
An Indian Defense Ministry source told the Indian Telegraph that he did not know the online report. The Indian federal government has asked the Indian Air Force to issue a question to Dassault Airways seeking to clarify news reports about Pakistani pilots receiving "gust" fighter training.
If this situation is true, Pakistani pilots will fly "Gust" fighters before the first "Gust" fighters from Dassault Airways in India, which will put a lot of pressure on the Modi government. Because the Modi government insisted on keeping the deal confidential and believed that competitors (Pakistan) might use sensitive information.
However, it may have been seen in advance by Pakistan.
However, the French ambassador to India, Alexandre Ziegler, denied the reports. Ziegler replied to a few posts on this topic on Twitter, saying: "I can confirm this is fake news."
However, the Indian Air Force and the Department of Defense have not officially denied the report of the US-based defense news website.
This shows that the Indian side is very alert to Pakistan’s understanding of its own weapons. If Russia sells weapons to Pakistan, then India will actually play drums in the heart. Will the Russian weapons ordered by itself be "understood" by Pakistan first?
Russia is eager to sell weapons
In fact, the main reason here is that Russia wants to sell more arms.
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia has been an active participant in the global arms market and has rapidly grown into a global giant. Arms export trade is very important for Russia. According to the assessment of many well-known research institutions, Russia is currently the world's second largest exporter of weapons after the United States. Arms export revenue is an important source of Russian economic income.
For example, in 2016, Russia’s total exports were $285.7 billion, while arms exports amounted to $15 billion, accounting for about 5.2% of total exports.
The Director of the Russian Military Technical Cooperation Bureau, Dmitry Shugayev, said in January that Russia successfully completed the 2018 weapons export program. In an interview with Russian NTV TV, Shugayev said: "After we report to Russian President Putin, we will announce the final export amount. Today I can say that we have completed the plan."
Arms exports have remained at $15 billion in the past three years. Currently, the total export orders amount to 55 billion US dollars.
Looking back at the history of Russian arms exports, especially since Putin served as president, Russia’s arms export trade has experienced rapid growth for more than a decade, and arms exports have increased from 3.4 billion in 1999 to $15.7 billion in 2013. 440%.
As Russia has become the second largest player in the global arms market, arms exports have increased, and the arms export market has expanded to all parts of the world. However, since 2013, it has been in a state of stagnation.
The reasons for this situation are very complicated. In recent years, in the military, political and economic aspects, most of Russia’s major arms exporting countries have undergone major changes. For example, due to its own military technological innovation and Russian technology transfer, Russia’s once important target countries for arms exports no longer need to import a large amount of weapons and equipment from Russia as in the past.
In India, for example, due to the pursuit of more advanced technical capabilities and Western countries' consent to transfer technology, India has gradually turned to buying weapons and equipment from Western countries. For example, India has just ordered about $2.4 billion of "Seahawk" anti-submarine helicopters from the United States; the $10 billion order of the French "Gust" fighters purchased by India has long been a pain in Russia. In addition, India also purchased the US P-8I "Poseidon" anti-submarine aircraft and so on.
In addition to economic benefits, the role and status of arms export trade in Russia's political and military fields is also very prominent. As a tool of foreign policy, arms export trade can help Russia to promote or maintain close ties with its allies, while also curbing the threats facing Russia – such as terrorist organizations active in Syria and Central Asia.
However, some traditional Russian buyers, such as Venezuela, have caused a decline in purchasing power due to energy price problems, which has also made Russia more anxious.
Therefore, we see that after Russia officially approved the Su-57 exit earlier this month, Moscow is preparing to sell its fifth-generation fighters to China (including other countries).
At the Lima-2019 air show held in Malaysia, Russia’s senior official responsible for arms exports, Victor, revealed that he is optimistic about the future of China-Russia arms trade. With the delivery of 24 Su-35s, China will decide to repurchase in the next two years. 24, either to buy a fifth-generation fighter, this may be a chance for the Su-57E.
Will China buy it? This is still a question. (Author's signature: Shi Jiangyue)
巴铁或将购俄90亿美元武器 而且还是印度挑剩下的？
巴铁或将购俄90亿美元武器 而且还是印度挑剩下的？
148
由于历史和地缘政治的原因，过去巴基斯坦采购武器的主要来源，一个是美国，另一个就是中国。俄罗斯武器装备由于长期以来都是印度方面主要采购的对象，所以巴基斯坦基本排除在外。
但是，这种状况看来要发生变化了。
“巴铁”动心了？
马基延科
据俄罗斯卫星通讯社4月15日报道，俄罗斯战略与技术独立分析中心副主任康斯坦丁·马基延科表示，巴基斯坦对购买俄制武器的需求很浓厚，目前巴方感兴趣的武器订单总额可能达到约90亿美元。
而对于这些装备，俄方透露，伊斯兰堡主要是对俄罗斯生产的战斗机、防空系统、坦克和军舰青睐有加。
马基延科表示：“巴基斯坦对购买俄制武器和军事技术装备的潜在需求达80-90亿美元。巴基斯坦或可成为多个种类俄制武器的买家，其中包括重型和中型歼击机、近中远程防空系统、主战坦克和水面舰艇。”
不过，有俄罗斯消息人士说，俄方还是将印度作为俄制武器优先供应的对象，所以提供给巴基斯坦的可能是印度武装力量放弃购买的武器系统。这些武器包括米格-35战斗机、俄罗斯各种类型的战斗直升机、重型运输直升机米-26T2等等。
这位俄专家指出，考虑到巴基斯坦军火市场上竞争水平并不激烈，美国对巴基斯坦的武器供应已经基本暂停，目前该市场上实际上只有中国一家，所以俄罗斯或可获得非常有利的合同条款。
马基延科表示：“巴基斯坦未提出补偿义务、技术转让、生产本地化和其他负担问题，这些负担已成为竞争激烈军火市场事实上的标准。”
由于有不少武器需要更新换代，俄罗斯方面认为，巴基斯坦无论如何都将要购买所需的武器。例如像主战坦克、反坦克导弹系统和反舰岸基系统，如果不能从俄罗斯购买，俄罗斯认为巴方都可能从乌克兰购买。
自去年以来，因为美国政府与巴基斯坦的关系越来越差，所以巴基斯坦也在加强与俄罗斯的军事安全合作。去年9月，巴基斯坦驻俄罗斯大使卡济•哈里鲁拉（Qazi Khalilullah）就曾表示，巴基斯坦与俄罗斯军方关系将继续加强。
哈里鲁拉当时称：“近年来，巴基斯坦和俄罗斯军方之间的关系得到加强，包括双边高层互访，举行联合军演，军舰访问以及采购军备等。我们相信，巴基斯坦和俄罗斯军方之间的现有关系今后会继续加强。”
巴基斯坦官方也曾表示，巴基斯坦人民和政府高度重视与俄罗斯人民和政府之间的关系。并表示，两国在能源领域也有密切合作。
同样是在去年8月，俄罗斯国防部信息和大众传媒司发布消息称，俄副防长瓦列里•格拉西莫夫将军与巴基斯坦武装力量参谋长联席会议主席祖拜尔•哈亚特在莫斯科举行会谈，就双边合作和地区安全问题进行了讨论。
这次会谈中就涉及“两国在军事和军事技术领域进行双边合作的现状和前景”。格拉西莫夫将军就巴基斯坦队伍参加2018年国际军事比赛向祖拜尔将军表示感谢，并指出，巴基斯坦军人展现出了真正的技能和取胜的决心。“
在那次会谈期间，俄罗斯军方和巴基斯坦军方都确认，希望加深对话并加强防务领域的接触。
印巴都不会选差的
不过，从长远看，如果俄罗斯只能给巴基斯坦提供印度选择剩下的武器装备，巴基斯坦的兴趣将会大大下降。毕竟，巴基斯坦军事安全针对的首要对象就是印度，不可能选用比印度明显差一截的武器装备。
例如米格-35战斗机，印度2012年那份126架的军机采购大单，俄罗斯当初意在让米格-35赢得这一订单，但最后印度方面并不看好米格-35，最终败给了法国“阵风”战斗机。而中国在采购俄制战机时，压根就没考虑过米格-35，毫不犹豫地选择了苏-35战斗机，。
米格-35战机实际是米格-29的改进型，这是一款双发单座中型战机，后续还有双发双座的米格-35D。最大起飞重29.7吨，最高速度2.25马赫，最大航程3100公里，作战半径1000公里，最大挂载量7吨，可搭载空空导弹、空地导弹及精确制导炸弹。
其最值得注意的是‘甲虫’系列雷达，能同时侦测30个目标，并对其中6个实施打击。
相比之下，苏-35则是一款重型战斗机，最大起飞重34.5吨，最高速度2.25马赫，最大艁600公里，作战半径1580公里，其所搭载的雷达为更出色的“雪豹-E”相控雷达，能同时追踪30个目标，并攻击其中8个。
从各方面来说，苏-35都比米格-35更佳，所以从实际需求上看，巴基斯坦采购米格-35战机的可能性还需要观察。
根据印度方面官员前不久透露，两个中队的“阵风”战斗机将在交付后就可使用的状态下，于今年9月交付印度空军第一架该型战斗机。
但是，印度媒体《印度电讯报》透露了一条消息，让印度方面非常紧张。有美国媒体透露，卡塔尔也采购了法国的“阵风”战斗机，但是第一批为卡塔尔训练“阵风”战斗机飞行员的教官，竟然巴基斯坦方面派出的空军飞行员。
巴基斯坦的空军教官通过飞行卡塔尔引进的“阵风”战斗机，将能进一步掌握印度采购的“阵风”战斗机的性能和一些重要的数据。因此，印度媒体称，新德里希望从达索公司获得有关巴基斯坦为卡塔尔“阵风”飞行员训练的细节。
美国航空业新闻网站在这篇报道中指出，2017年11月为卡塔尔训练第一批“阵风”战斗机飞行员的是巴基斯坦交换官员。巴基斯坦国防网站在4月11日强调了这篇报道。
一些社交媒体用户将今年2月份发表在ainonline网站上的报道，与印度政府坚持对“阵风”交易保密进行了比较。莫迪政府一直表示，敏感信息可能被该国的竞争对手利用——这指的是巴基斯坦。
一名印度国防部消息人士对《印度电讯报》表示，他不清楚网上的报道。印度联邦政府日前要求印度空军向达索航空公司发出质询，寻求澄清有关巴基斯坦飞行员接受“阵风”战斗机训练的新闻报道。
如果这一情况是真实的，在印度从达索航空公司获得第一架“阵风”战机之前，巴基斯坦飞行员驾驶着“阵风”战机飞行，这将给莫迪政府带来不小的压力。因为莫迪政府坚持对这笔交易保密，并认为竞争对手（巴基斯坦）可能利用敏感信息。
但是，现在可能已经被巴基斯坦提前看光光了。
不过，法国驻印度大使亚历山大·齐格勒（Alexandre Ziegler）否认了这些报道。齐格勒在推特上回复了几篇关于这个话题的帖子，他说：“我可以确认这是假新闻。”
不过，印度空军和国防部都尚未正式出面否认这家总部位于美国的防务新闻网站的报道。
由此可见，印度方面对巴基斯坦了解本国武器是非常戒备的。如果俄罗斯向巴基斯坦出售武器，那么印度其实心里也会打鼓，会不会发生自己订购的俄罗斯武器被巴基斯坦先“了解”了一下？
俄罗斯急着卖武器
其实，这里最主要的原因，还是俄罗斯想多卖出去一些军火。
自苏联解体以来，俄罗斯一直是全球军火市场上的主动参与者，并迅速成长为全球巨头，武器出口贸易对于俄罗斯而言十分重要。根据众多知名研究机构的评估，目前，俄罗斯是全球仅次于美国的第二大武器出口国，武器出口收入是俄罗斯经济收入的重要来源。
例如在2016年，俄罗斯的出口总额为2857亿美元，而武器出口额却高达150亿美元，约占出口总额的5.2%。
俄罗斯军事技术合作局局长德米特里•舒加耶夫在今年1月表示，俄顺利完成2018年武器出口计划。舒加耶夫在接受俄NTV电视台采访时：“我们向俄总统普京汇报后，将公布最终的出口金额。今天我可以说的是，我们完成了计划。”
近3年来武器出口维持在150亿美元的水平。目前拥有出口订单总额达550亿美元。
回顾俄罗斯武器出口的历史，尤其自普京担任总统后，俄罗斯的武器出口贸易出现了长达十几年的飞速增长，武器出口额从1999年的34亿美元增长到2013年的157亿美元，高涨了440%。
随着俄罗斯已成为全球军火市场上的第二大巨头，武器出口额大增，武器出口市场也扩展到了全球各地。但是，自2013年以来，却陷于停滞的状态。
出现这种状况的原因非常复杂。近几年来，在军事、政治和经济等方面，俄罗斯主要的武器出口对象国大多发生了较大变化。例如，因自身的军事技术创新以及俄罗斯的技术转让，俄罗斯曾经重要的武器出口对象国已不再像过去那样需要大量从俄罗斯进口武器装备。
以印度为例，由于追求更先进的技术性能，以及西方国家同意转移技术，印度逐渐转向购买西方国家的武器装备。比如，印度刚刚从美国那里订购了大约24亿美元的“海鹰”反潜直升机；印度采购的法国“阵风”战斗机的上百亿美元订单早就是俄罗斯心中的痛。另外，印度还购买了美国的P-8I”海神“反潜机等等。
除经济效益之外，武器出口贸易在俄罗斯政治和军事等领域的作用和地位亦十分突出。作为外交政策的工具，武器出口贸易既可以帮助俄罗斯增进或维系与盟友之间的亲密关系，同时还能遏制俄罗斯面临的威胁—例如活跃在叙利亚和中亚地区的恐怖组织。
但是，现在俄罗斯一些传统的买家，如委内瑞拉等国因为能源价格的问题导致购买力下降，也让俄罗斯比较着急。
所以，我们看到在本月早些时候俄罗斯正式批准苏-57出口后，莫斯科准备向中国（也包括其他国家）出售其第五代战斗机。
在马来西亚举行的利马- 2019航展上俄负责武器出口的高官维克多透露，看好中俄武器贸易的未来，随着24 架苏-35的交付，中国在未来两年将决定要么再购24架，要么购买第五代战斗机，这可能是苏- 57E的一个机会。
中国会买么？这还是个疑问。（作者署名：石江月）
Https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2019-04-16/doc-ihvhiewr6332082.shtml
Pakistani Railway will buy Russia's $9 billion weapon and will India still pick the rest?
Pakistani Railway will buy Russia's $9 billion weapon and will India still pick the rest?
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For historical and geopolitical reasons, the main source of Pakistan’s procurement of weapons in the past was the United States and the other. Since Russia’s weapons and equipment have long been the main source of purchases by India, Pakistan is basically excluded.
However, this situation seems to have changed.
"Batie" is tempted?
Makiyanko
According to the Russian satellite news agency reported on April 15, Konstantin Makiyanko, deputy director of the Russian Center for Strategic and Technological Independence Analysis, said that Pakistan’s demand for Russian-made weapons is very strong, and the total amount of weapons orders of interest to the Palestinians may be Reached about $9 billion.
For these equipments, the Russian side revealed that Islamabad is mainly interested in Russian-made fighters, air defense systems, tanks and warships.
Makiyanko said: "Pakistan's potential demand for the purchase of Russian weapons and military technology equipment amounted to 8 billion to 9 billion US dollars. Pakistan may become a buyer of many types of Russian weapons, including heavy and medium-sized fighters, near Long-range air defense systems, main battle tanks and surface ships."
However, some Russian sources said that Russia still regards India as the priority supply of Russian-made weapons, so it is likely that the Indian armed forces will give up the weapons system they purchased. These weapons include the MiG-35 fighter jet, various types of combat helicopters in Russia, the Mi-26T2 heavy transport helicopter, and so on.
The Russian expert pointed out that considering the level of competition in the Pakistani arms market is not fierce, the US supply of weapons to Pakistan has been basically suspended. At present, there is actually only one Chinese in the market, so Russia may obtain very favorable contract terms.
Makiyanko said: "Pakistan has not raised the issue of compensation obligations, technology transfer, localization of production and other burdens. These burdens have become the de facto standard for a highly competitive arms market."
Since many weapons need to be replaced, the Russian side believes that Pakistan will buy the weapons it needs anyway. For example, like main battle tanks, anti-tank missile systems and anti-ship shore-based systems, if they cannot buy from Russia, Russia believes that Pakistan may purchase from Ukraine.
Since last year, Pakistan has also strengthened its military security cooperation with Russia because of the worsening relationship between the US government and Pakistan. In September last year, Pakistani ambassador to Russia Qazi Khalilullah said that relations between Pakistan and the Russian military will continue to strengthen.
Harry Rula said at the time: "In recent years, the relationship between Pakistan and the Russian military has been strengthened, including bilateral high-level visits, joint military exercises, warship visits and procurement of armaments. We believe that between Pakistan and the Russian military The existing relationship will continue to strengthen in the future."
The Pakistani government has also stated that the Pakistani people and government attach great importance to the relationship with the Russian people and government. He also said that the two countries also have close cooperation in the energy field.
Also in August last year, the Russian Ministry of Defence Information and Mass Media Division issued a message that the Russian Deputy Defense Minister Valery Gracimov and the Chairman of the Pakistan Armed Forces Joint Chiefs of Staff Zubair Hayat in Moscow Held talks and discussed bilateral cooperation and regional security issues.
The talks involved "the status quo and prospects of bilateral cooperation in the military and military technology fields." General Grasimov expressed his gratitude to the Pakistani team for participating in the 2018 international military competition and pointed out that the Pakistani military showed their true skills and determination to win. "
During that meeting, the Russian military and the Pakistani military confirmed that they hope to deepen the dialogue and strengthen contacts in the field of defense.
India and Pakistan will not choose bad
However, in the long run, if Russia can only provide Pakistan with India to choose the remaining weapons and equipment, Pakistan’s interest will be greatly reduced. After all, the primary target of Pakistan’s military security is India, and it is impossible to choose weapons and equipment that are significantly worse than India.
For example, the MiG-35 fighter jet, India's 126 military aircraft purchase orders in 2012, Russia originally intended to let the MiG-35 win this order, but in the end, India is not optimistic about the MiG-35, and finally lost to French "Gust" fighter. When China purchased Russian-made fighters, it did not consider the MiG-35 at all, and did not hesitate to choose the Su-35 fighter.
The MiG-35 is actually a modified version of the MiG-29. It is a two-seater single-seat medium-sized fighter, followed by a two-seat two-seat MiG-35D. The maximum takeoff weight is 29.7 tons, the maximum speed is Mach 2.25, the maximum range is 3100 kilometers, the combat radius is 1000 kilometers, and the maximum load is 7 tons. It can be equipped with air-to-air missiles, air-to-ground missiles and precision guided bombs.
The most notable is the 'Beetle' series of radars, which can detect 30 targets simultaneously and strike against 6 of them.
In contrast, the Su-35 is a heavy-duty fighter with a maximum takeoff weight of 34.5 tons, a maximum speed of 2.25 Mach, a maximum speed of 600 km, and a combat radius of 1,580 km. The radar is equipped with a better "Snow Leopard-E". Phase-controlled radar can track 30 targets simultaneously and attack 8 of them.
In all respects, the Su-35 is better than the MiG-35, so from the actual demand point of view, the possibility of Pakistan purchasing the MiG-35 fighter still needs to be observed.
According to an Indian official recently revealed that the two squadrons of the "Gust" fighter will be delivered to the first aircraft of the Indian Air Force in September this year.
However, the Indian media "Indian Telegraph" revealed a message that made the Indian side very nervous. According to US media reports, Qatar also purchased French "Gust" fighters, but the first instructors who trained Qatar's "Gust" fighter pilots even sent air force pilots from Pakistan.
Pakistani air force instructors will be able to further master the performance and some important data of India's purchased "Gust" fighters by flying the "Gust" fighters launched by Qatar. Therefore, Indian media said that New Delhi hopes to obtain details from Dassault's training on Pakistan's Qatar pilots.
The US Aviation Industry News website pointed out in this report that the first batch of "Gust" fighter pilots for Qatar in November 2017 was a Pakistani exchange official. The Pakistan Defense website highlighted this report on April 11.
Some social media users have published a report on the ainonline website in February this year, comparing the Indian government’s insistence on secrecy of “gusty” transactions. The Modi government has consistently stated that sensitive information may be used by competitors in the country – this refers to Pakistan.
An Indian Defense Ministry source told the Indian Telegraph that he did not know the online report. The Indian federal government has asked the Indian Air Force to issue a question to Dassault Airways seeking to clarify news reports about Pakistani pilots receiving "gust" fighter training.
If this situation is true, Pakistani pilots will fly "Gust" fighters before the first "Gust" fighters from Dassault Airways in India, which will put a lot of pressure on the Modi government. Because the Modi government insisted on keeping the deal confidential and believed that competitors (Pakistan) might use sensitive information.
However, it may have been seen in advance by Pakistan.
However, the French ambassador to India, Alexandre Ziegler, denied the reports. Ziegler replied to a few posts on this topic on Twitter, saying: "I can confirm this is fake news."
However, the Indian Air Force and the Department of Defense have not officially denied the report of the US-based defense news website.
This shows that the Indian side is very alert to Pakistan’s understanding of its own weapons. If Russia sells weapons to Pakistan, then India will actually play drums in the heart. Will the Russian weapons ordered by itself be "understood" by Pakistan first?
Russia is eager to sell weapons
In fact, the main reason here is that Russia wants to sell more arms.
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia has been an active participant in the global arms market and has rapidly grown into a global giant. Arms export trade is very important for Russia. According to the assessment of many well-known research institutions, Russia is currently the world's second largest exporter of weapons after the United States. Arms export revenue is an important source of Russian economic income.
For example, in 2016, Russia’s total exports were $285.7 billion, while arms exports amounted to $15 billion, accounting for about 5.2% of total exports.
The Director of the Russian Military Technical Cooperation Bureau, Dmitry Shugayev, said in January that Russia successfully completed the 2018 weapons export program. In an interview with Russian NTV TV, Shugayev said: "After we report to Russian President Putin, we will announce the final export amount. Today I can say that we have completed the plan."
Arms exports have remained at $15 billion in the past three years. Currently, the total export orders amount to 55 billion US dollars.
Looking back at the history of Russian arms exports, especially since Putin served as president, Russia’s arms export trade has experienced rapid growth for more than a decade, and arms exports have increased from 3.4 billion in 1999 to $15.7 billion in 2013. 440%.
As Russia has become the second largest player in the global arms market, arms exports have increased, and the arms export market has expanded to all parts of the world. However, since 2013, it has been in a state of stagnation.
The reasons for this situation are very complicated. In recent years, in the military, political and economic aspects, most of Russia’s major arms exporting countries have undergone major changes. For example, due to its own military technological innovation and Russian technology transfer, Russia’s once important target countries for arms exports no longer need to import a large amount of weapons and equipment from Russia as in the past.
In India, for example, due to the pursuit of more advanced technical capabilities and Western countries' consent to transfer technology, India has gradually turned to buying weapons and equipment from Western countries. For example, India has just ordered about $2.4 billion of "Seahawk" anti-submarine helicopters from the United States; the $10 billion order of the French "Gust" fighters purchased by India has long been a pain in Russia. In addition, India also purchased the US P-8I "Poseidon" anti-submarine aircraft and so on.
In addition to economic benefits, the role and status of arms export trade in Russia's political and military fields is also very prominent. As a tool of foreign policy, arms export trade can help Russia to promote or maintain close ties with its allies, while also curbing the threats facing Russia – such as terrorist organizations active in Syria and Central Asia.
However, some traditional Russian buyers, such as Venezuela, have caused a decline in purchasing power due to energy price problems, which has also made Russia more anxious.
Therefore, we see that after Russia officially approved the Su-57 exit earlier this month, Moscow is preparing to sell its fifth-generation fighters to China (including other countries).
At the Lima-2019 air show held in Malaysia, Russia’s senior official responsible for arms exports, Victor, revealed that he is optimistic about the future of China-Russia arms trade. With the delivery of 24 Su-35s, China will decide to repurchase in the next two years. 24, either to buy a fifth-generation fighter, this may be a chance for the Su-57E.
Will China buy it? This is still a question. (Author's signature: Shi Jiangyue)
