https://www.thehindu.com/news/natio...velopment-is-mere-purchase/article8199677.ece
National
Made in India is costlier; joint development is mere purchase
Josy Joseph
NEW DELHI:, February 06, 2016 01:57 IST
Updated: February 06, 2016 13:56 IST
The report also indicts HAL for taking 2-3 times more man-hours than those taken by Russians.
What was supposed to be cheaper when made in India is much costlier. What was supposed to be a joint development programme has been reduced to a purchase from abroad. That is among the key findings of internal government audits of major aerospace projects in recent years.
All the aerospace reports accessed by The Hindu are scathing in their indictment of agencies such as the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. over the way they have handled joint development programmes involving foreign partners, or produced aircraft in India under transfer of technology.
Sukhoi-30 MKI fighters
HAL was originally tasked by the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) with undertaking licence production of 140 Sukhoi-30 fighters under transfer of technology from Russia, with conditions including: indigenous manufacture of the aircraft at a cost lower than that of the imported aircraft.
The IAF entered into four different contracts with HAL for supply of the 140 aircraft, and later two contracts for 40 and 42 additional fighters. Thus a total of 222 S-30 MKI were to be assembled by HAL. When HAL began to assemble, however, the story was different. “Contrary to projection in the CCS note, where it was estimated that the indigenous aircraft production cost would be lower than that of the imported aircraft cost… the actual cost of phase IV aircraft has always been higher than that of the imported aircraft,” the report says.
In the production year 2014-15 in phase I, when aircraft was directly imported from Russia, the average cost per fighter was Rs. 270.28 crore. In phase IV, when aircraft is manufactured by HAL from raw material, the cost is Rs. 417.85 crore.
The report also indicts HAL for taking 2-3 times more man-hours than those taken by Russians.
Advanced Light Helicopter
An audit of the Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) project of HAL from 2001 to 2009 carried out by the Controller-General of Defence Accounts (CGDA) pointed out: “As against the envisaged indigenisation level of 50 per cent, about 90 per cent of the value of material used in each helicopter is procured from foreign suppliers.”
The audit said that during the production of the helicopter, despite gaining experience of making 90 of them, the labour hours remained almost double of what was prescribed by the consultant.
The Air Marshal Matheswaran report on the aeronautical sector points out that the Shakti engine used in the helicopter “only has an indigenous name with hardly any self-reliance or technology control.”
Missile development
The Matheswaran report points out that in 2003, a decision was taken to allow the services to meet their operational requirements of surface-to-air missiles (SAMs), till 2010, by acquiring through the “buy global” route because the development of the indigenous Akash and Trishul missile systems was delayed.
The DRDO stepped in and proposed joint development with Israel. So the DRDO and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) started development of a long-range SAM (LRSAM) for the Navy in 2005. In 2007, they started work on developing a medium-range SAM (MRSAM) for the IAF under a separate contract. “Incidentally, LRSAM & MRSAM is the same missile,” the report says.
In a scathing indictment of the entire project, the report says IAI remains the design authority for the complete system. “IAI is doing the role of supplier and the DRDO is the buyer, which is contrary to the DRDO role of design agency.”
“No transfer of technology (ToT) has been taken as part of the contract. We will remain dependent on IAI for its share,” the report points out, adding that the intellectual property rights (IPRs) remains with the design authority.
Conflict of interests
The report also tears into the Department of Defence Production.
“The DDP, which on behalf of the Services and the MoD would have been the instrument of indigenisation, became primarily a custodian of a large collection of ordnance factories and de-facto owner of shipyards, aircraft factories etc.”
This resulted in a conflict of interest, the report says.
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https://www.defensenews.com/industr...s-may-shut-down-toppling-400-local-suppliers/
An Indian facility that makes Su-30MKI jets may shut down, toppling 400 local suppliers
By: Vivek Raghuvanshi August 15
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The state-owned facility that manufactures Sukhoi Su-30MKI fighters in India may close in March 2020. (Monday Sharma/AFP via Getty Images)
NEW DELHI — An Indian facility that manufactures Sukhoi Su-30MKI fighters may close in March 2020, leading to a domino effect that could see 400 local suppliers shut their shops over a lack of component orders, according to company officials and industry analysts.
A senior executive of India’s state-owned Hindustan Aeronautics Limited said the company, which owns the facility, will complete the production of the remaining eight Su-30MKI fighters on order by March. Then the production facility at Nasik, central India, could shut down if no new orders are placed, the executive warned.
An executive with the industry lobby group Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry, said 400 local suppliers that build about 6,000 components worth $12.5 million for each Su-30MKI fighter may also shut down if no new orders are placed with HAL.
HAL produces about 12 Su-30MKI multirole fighters each year. The company is expected to complete the delivery of 272 Su-30MKI fighters by March 2020.
Each Su-30MKI is built by HAL for $70.3 million under license by Russia’s United Aircraft Corporation.
Another HAL executive said a formal request has been sent to the Indian Air Force and the Ministry for Defence that they place an additional order for 72 locally made Su-30MKI fighters for about $5 billion, but the government has not yet made a decision.
A senior Air Force official said the service could only order 18 fighters as a response to the number of Su-30MKI jets lost in accidents over the last two decades.
The Air Force is not eager to place large orders of these fighters because of the cost of locally made Su-30MKI jets.
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“Each HAL-built Su-30MKI fighter costs around $70.3 million, where as a Russia-supplied fighter costs around $42.15 million,” the senior Air Force official said.
A senior MoD official said that Russia last month tried to pressure the Indian government to order an additional 72 Su-30MKI fighters with HAL, but the Indian Air Force is reluctant to place new orders in such a large number.
“The HAL built Su-30MKI fighter is not fully indigenized, only 51 percent is homemade, where the remaining 49 percent of supplies still comes from Russia,” said Bhim Sigh, a retired wing commander with the Indian Air Force.
Singh noted that most of the raw materials are sourced from Russia, including titanium blocks, forgings, aluminium and steel plates, as well as low-tech items such as nuts, bolts and screws.
HAL continues to depend on Russia as the original equipment manufacturer for components, raw material, servicing and overhaul of the fighters.
https://www.business-standard.com/a...rs-to-alleviate-shortfall-119013100042_1.html
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Unemployment rate at four-decade high of 6.1% in 2017-18: NSSO survey
India asks Russia for 18 more Sukhoi-30MKI fighters to alleviate shortfall
Rs 8,000-crore contract will boost IAF's Sukhoi-30 fleet to 290 fighters
Ajai Shukla | New Delhi Last Updated at January 31, 2019 19:17 IST
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To alleviate the shortfall of fighter aircraft in the Indian Air Force (IAF), New Delhi, has approached Moscow for one more squadron of Sukhoi-30MKIs fighters.
Reliable defence industry sources in Russia say India’s ministry of defence (MoD) wants Sukhoi to provide Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) with the raw materials and sub-systems needed to build 18 more Sukhoi-30MKIs at its Nashik facility. Production of this additional tranche can begin in 2020, when HAL Nashik completes delivery of an ongoing contract for building 222 of the twin-engine, heavy ...
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https://www.indiatoday.in/india/sto...han-ones-bought-from-russia-118144-2012-10-09
Home-made Sukhois to cost more than ones bought from Russia
The 42 new Sukhoi-30 MKI combat jets will each cost more than Rs 350 crore, but if bought from Russia they will cost Rs 60 to Rs 70 crore less.
Gautam Datt New DelhiOctober 9, 2012UPDATED: October 9, 2012 10:13 IST
The cost of the Sukhoi now is almost double of the original aircraft first ordered 12 years ago.
The 42 new Sukhoi-30 MKI combat jets that India is looking to produce at home are going to cost much less if purchased directly from Russia.
The price negotiations with Russia have been completed and each of the top-of-the-line aircraft will cost more than Rs 350 crore, almost double the cost of the original aircraft first ordered 12 years ago.
The aircraft, which has emerged to be the mainstay of India's air power, is produced under licence by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).
But the delay on the part of HAL in absorbing the technology has led to a situation where the new Sukhois will cost at least Rs 60 to Rs 70 crore less if they are procured directly from Russia, said sources. The aircraft are expected to be delivered by 2018. The original order was for 40 aircraft but two were added later.
Higher price is being paid for the new equipment that will be fitted in the aircraft and negotiators had to toil hard to bring down the price being asked by the Russians. But HAL's inability to augment its production facilities has led to an additional burden on the exchequer.
Air chief NAK Browne said last week that four new Sukhoi squadrons are being raised.
India had signed a contract in 2000 with Russia for purchase of 140 aircraft for Rs 22,12,278 crore and as per the cost escalation risk calculated by HAL in 2005, the price of the deal would have gone up to Rs 39,224.09 crore.
For sports news, updates, live scores and cricket fixtures, log on to indiatoday.in/sports. Like us on Facebook or follow us on Twitter for Sports news, scores and updates.
https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2019-10-08/doc-iicezzrr0738684.shtml
印度苏30工厂面临倒闭：国产1架成本几乎够进口2架
印度苏30工厂面临倒闭：国产1架成本几乎够进口2架
434
据报道，印度国产的苏-30MKI战斗机的制造任务已经接近尾声，如果在全部完成工作之前不能接到新的订单，那么用于建造苏-30MKI战斗机的工厂也将面临倒闭，同时还会产生蝴蝶效应，使得400多家当地供应商面临倒闭危机。印度苏-30MKI战斗机的前景这么不景气，有很大一部分原因来自于它的造价非常高昂，每生产一架苏-30MKI战斗机就需要花费高达7030万美元，而选择从俄罗斯引进一架却仅需要4215万美元，其间的落差让印度也难以支撑苏-30MKI战斗机的国产行业。
苏-30MKI
为什么苏-30MKI战斗机在印度的制造成本如此之高？
首先，印度所缺少建造苏-30MKI战斗机的最基本因素，那就是原材料。比如复合材料、钢板等材料，印度都没有办法自己生产，所以只能选择从俄罗斯进口，众所周知，进口材料的价格都是普遍偏贵的，而有技术含量的一些材料更是价格非常高昂，这也导致了印度国产苏-30MKI的成本直线上升。
其次，印度本身的工业基础是非常不过关的，这一点印度也很有自知之明，能买进的都靠买，但是为了标榜这是“国产”战斗机，在零部件的制造上，印度还是选择了自己动手，而印度的零部件加工技术又不过关，这就导致了这些零部件的良品率降低，将这些损耗加在成本中，由此国产苏-30MKI战斗机的成本又提高了一截。
最重要的是，印度最缺乏的就是技术，正因为从底层开始层层技术基础都非常薄弱，导致印度在拿到了苏-30MKI战斗机的组装许可权以及一部分的技术以后，印度一直没有完全消化苏-30MKI战斗机的技术，因此在苏-30MKI的建造过程中也显得非常艰难。
正是由于国产成本太高，使得印度不得不一而再再而三地必须从国外进口战斗机，才能维持自己对战斗机的需求。
苏-30MKI
印度为何不直接解散工厂，而是选择苦苦支撑呢？
印度最根本的目的其实显而易见，那就是想要掌握战斗机的制造技术，这也是印度一直以来的心愿。印度苦苦支撑，硬着头皮坚持养着这批人，还是想着总有一天能够吃透战斗机的制造技术，这一点还是挺令人敬佩的。
LCA战斗机
印度有何方法来阻止工厂以及供应商的倒闭？
一方面，最简单也是最直接的办法，就是政府以直接给企业拨款的形式进行补贴援助，帮助企业度过经济的难关，这样才能有效减缓乃至阻止工厂及供应商的倒闭。另一方面，则要从零部件角度入手。印度之所以选择进口昂贵的零件，就是由于本土供应商不能够做出大量合格的零部件，那么把研究进口材料作为突破口，着手提高本土生产的零部件的合格率。通过培养技术工人和升级供应商的工厂生产线的方式，提升印度整个零部件生产的水平，在它们的技术成熟之后，可以给他们LCA战斗机、阵风战斗机等战机的零部件的订单，让它们维持基本的运转，未来如果还有一些新订单也可以分给它们，这样就可以完全带动它们的发展。
阵风战斗机
不过，印度当前的工业水平，能否完成这样一个自我消化到自行生产的飞跃，很值得怀疑。（作者署名：利刃军事 利刃/冬阳）
National
Made in India is costlier; joint development is mere purchase
Josy Joseph NEW DELHI:, February 06, 2016 01:57 IST
Updated: February 06, 2016 13:56 IST
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The report also indicts HAL for taking 2-3 times more man-hours than those taken by Russians.
What was supposed to be cheaper when made in India is much costlier. What was supposed to be a joint development programme has been reduced to a purchase from abroad. That is among the key findings of internal government audits of major aerospace projects in recent years.
All the aerospace reports accessed by The Hindu are scathing in their indictment of agencies such as the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. over the way they have handled joint development programmes involving foreign partners, or produced aircraft in India under transfer of technology.
Sukhoi-30 MKI fighters
HAL was originally tasked by the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) with undertaking licence production of 140 Sukhoi-30 fighters under transfer of technology from Russia, with conditions including: indigenous manufacture of the aircraft at a cost lower than that of the imported aircraft.
The IAF entered into four different contracts with HAL for supply of the 140 aircraft, and later two contracts for 40 and 42 additional fighters. Thus a total of 222 S-30 MKI were to be assembled by HAL. When HAL began to assemble, however, the story was different. “Contrary to projection in the CCS note, where it was estimated that the indigenous aircraft production cost would be lower than that of the imported aircraft cost… the actual cost of phase IV aircraft has always been higher than that of the imported aircraft,” the report says.
In the production year 2014-15 in phase I, when aircraft was directly imported from Russia, the average cost per fighter was Rs. 270.28 crore. In phase IV, when aircraft is manufactured by HAL from raw material, the cost is Rs. 417.85 crore.
The report also indicts HAL for taking 2-3 times more man-hours than those taken by Russians.
Advanced Light Helicopter
An audit of the Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) project of HAL from 2001 to 2009 carried out by the Controller-General of Defence Accounts (CGDA) pointed out: “As against the envisaged indigenisation level of 50 per cent, about 90 per cent of the value of material used in each helicopter is procured from foreign suppliers.”
The audit said that during the production of the helicopter, despite gaining experience of making 90 of them, the labour hours remained almost double of what was prescribed by the consultant.
The Air Marshal Matheswaran report on the aeronautical sector points out that the Shakti engine used in the helicopter “only has an indigenous name with hardly any self-reliance or technology control.”
Missile development
The Matheswaran report points out that in 2003, a decision was taken to allow the services to meet their operational requirements of surface-to-air missiles (SAMs), till 2010, by acquiring through the “buy global” route because the development of the indigenous Akash and Trishul missile systems was delayed.
The DRDO stepped in and proposed joint development with Israel. So the DRDO and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) started development of a long-range SAM (LRSAM) for the Navy in 2005. In 2007, they started work on developing a medium-range SAM (MRSAM) for the IAF under a separate contract. “Incidentally, LRSAM & MRSAM is the same missile,” the report says.
In a scathing indictment of the entire project, the report says IAI remains the design authority for the complete system. “IAI is doing the role of supplier and the DRDO is the buyer, which is contrary to the DRDO role of design agency.”
“No transfer of technology (ToT) has been taken as part of the contract. We will remain dependent on IAI for its share,” the report points out, adding that the intellectual property rights (IPRs) remains with the design authority.
Conflict of interests
The report also tears into the Department of Defence Production.
“The DDP, which on behalf of the Services and the MoD would have been the instrument of indigenisation, became primarily a custodian of a large collection of ordnance factories and de-facto owner of shipyards, aircraft factories etc.”
This resulted in a conflict of interest, the report says.
Support quality journalism - Subscribe to The Hindu Digital
https://www.defensenews.com/industr...s-may-shut-down-toppling-400-local-suppliers/
An Indian facility that makes Su-30MKI jets may shut down, toppling 400 local suppliers
By: Vivek Raghuvanshi August 15
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NEW DELHI — An Indian facility that manufactures Sukhoi Su-30MKI fighters may close in March 2020, leading to a domino effect that could see 400 local suppliers shut their shops over a lack of component orders, according to company officials and industry analysts.
A senior executive of India’s state-owned Hindustan Aeronautics Limited said the company, which owns the facility, will complete the production of the remaining eight Su-30MKI fighters on order by March. Then the production facility at Nasik, central India, could shut down if no new orders are placed, the executive warned.
An executive with the industry lobby group Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry, said 400 local suppliers that build about 6,000 components worth $12.5 million for each Su-30MKI fighter may also shut down if no new orders are placed with HAL.
HAL produces about 12 Su-30MKI multirole fighters each year. The company is expected to complete the delivery of 272 Su-30MKI fighters by March 2020.
Each Su-30MKI is built by HAL for $70.3 million under license by Russia’s United Aircraft Corporation.
Another HAL executive said a formal request has been sent to the Indian Air Force and the Ministry for Defence that they place an additional order for 72 locally made Su-30MKI fighters for about $5 billion, but the government has not yet made a decision.
A senior Air Force official said the service could only order 18 fighters as a response to the number of Su-30MKI jets lost in accidents over the last two decades.
The Air Force is not eager to place large orders of these fighters because of the cost of locally made Su-30MKI jets.
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“Each HAL-built Su-30MKI fighter costs around $70.3 million, where as a Russia-supplied fighter costs around $42.15 million,” the senior Air Force official said.
A senior MoD official said that Russia last month tried to pressure the Indian government to order an additional 72 Su-30MKI fighters with HAL, but the Indian Air Force is reluctant to place new orders in such a large number.
“The HAL built Su-30MKI fighter is not fully indigenized, only 51 percent is homemade, where the remaining 49 percent of supplies still comes from Russia,” said Bhim Sigh, a retired wing commander with the Indian Air Force.
Singh noted that most of the raw materials are sourced from Russia, including titanium blocks, forgings, aluminium and steel plates, as well as low-tech items such as nuts, bolts and screws.
HAL continues to depend on Russia as the original equipment manufacturer for components, raw material, servicing and overhaul of the fighters.
https://www.business-standard.com/a...rs-to-alleviate-shortfall-119013100042_1.html
ICICI Bank board under fire for giving clean chit to Chanda Kochhar
Unemployment rate at four-decade high of 6.1% in 2017-18: NSSO survey
India asks Russia for 18 more Sukhoi-30MKI fighters to alleviate shortfall
Rs 8,000-crore contract will boost IAF's Sukhoi-30 fleet to 290 fighters
Ajai Shukla | New Delhi Last Updated at January 31, 2019 19:17 IST
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To alleviate the shortfall of fighter aircraft in the Indian Air Force (IAF), New Delhi, has approached Moscow for one more squadron of Sukhoi-30MKIs fighters.
Reliable defence industry sources in Russia say India’s ministry of defence (MoD) wants Sukhoi to provide Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) with the raw materials and sub-systems needed to build 18 more Sukhoi-30MKIs at its Nashik facility. Production of this additional tranche can begin in 2020, when HAL Nashik completes delivery of an ongoing contract for building 222 of the twin-engine, heavy ...
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https://www.indiatoday.in/india/sto...han-ones-bought-from-russia-118144-2012-10-09
Home-made Sukhois to cost more than ones bought from Russia
The 42 new Sukhoi-30 MKI combat jets will each cost more than Rs 350 crore, but if bought from Russia they will cost Rs 60 to Rs 70 crore less.
Gautam Datt New DelhiOctober 9, 2012UPDATED: October 9, 2012 10:13 IST
The cost of the Sukhoi now is almost double of the original aircraft first ordered 12 years ago.
The 42 new Sukhoi-30 MKI combat jets that India is looking to produce at home are going to cost much less if purchased directly from Russia.
The price negotiations with Russia have been completed and each of the top-of-the-line aircraft will cost more than Rs 350 crore, almost double the cost of the original aircraft first ordered 12 years ago.
The aircraft, which has emerged to be the mainstay of India's air power, is produced under licence by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).
But the delay on the part of HAL in absorbing the technology has led to a situation where the new Sukhois will cost at least Rs 60 to Rs 70 crore less if they are procured directly from Russia, said sources. The aircraft are expected to be delivered by 2018. The original order was for 40 aircraft but two were added later.
Higher price is being paid for the new equipment that will be fitted in the aircraft and negotiators had to toil hard to bring down the price being asked by the Russians. But HAL's inability to augment its production facilities has led to an additional burden on the exchequer.
Air chief NAK Browne said last week that four new Sukhoi squadrons are being raised.
India had signed a contract in 2000 with Russia for purchase of 140 aircraft for Rs 22,12,278 crore and as per the cost escalation risk calculated by HAL in 2005, the price of the deal would have gone up to Rs 39,224.09 crore.
For sports news, updates, live scores and cricket fixtures, log on to indiatoday.in/sports. Like us on Facebook or follow us on Twitter for Sports news, scores and updates.
https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2019-10-08/doc-iicezzrr0738684.shtml
印度苏30工厂面临倒闭：国产1架成本几乎够进口2架
印度苏30工厂面临倒闭：国产1架成本几乎够进口2架
434
据报道，印度国产的苏-30MKI战斗机的制造任务已经接近尾声，如果在全部完成工作之前不能接到新的订单，那么用于建造苏-30MKI战斗机的工厂也将面临倒闭，同时还会产生蝴蝶效应，使得400多家当地供应商面临倒闭危机。印度苏-30MKI战斗机的前景这么不景气，有很大一部分原因来自于它的造价非常高昂，每生产一架苏-30MKI战斗机就需要花费高达7030万美元，而选择从俄罗斯引进一架却仅需要4215万美元，其间的落差让印度也难以支撑苏-30MKI战斗机的国产行业。
为什么苏-30MKI战斗机在印度的制造成本如此之高？
首先，印度所缺少建造苏-30MKI战斗机的最基本因素，那就是原材料。比如复合材料、钢板等材料，印度都没有办法自己生产，所以只能选择从俄罗斯进口，众所周知，进口材料的价格都是普遍偏贵的，而有技术含量的一些材料更是价格非常高昂，这也导致了印度国产苏-30MKI的成本直线上升。
其次，印度本身的工业基础是非常不过关的，这一点印度也很有自知之明，能买进的都靠买，但是为了标榜这是“国产”战斗机，在零部件的制造上，印度还是选择了自己动手，而印度的零部件加工技术又不过关，这就导致了这些零部件的良品率降低，将这些损耗加在成本中，由此国产苏-30MKI战斗机的成本又提高了一截。
最重要的是，印度最缺乏的就是技术，正因为从底层开始层层技术基础都非常薄弱，导致印度在拿到了苏-30MKI战斗机的组装许可权以及一部分的技术以后，印度一直没有完全消化苏-30MKI战斗机的技术，因此在苏-30MKI的建造过程中也显得非常艰难。
正是由于国产成本太高，使得印度不得不一而再再而三地必须从国外进口战斗机，才能维持自己对战斗机的需求。
印度为何不直接解散工厂，而是选择苦苦支撑呢？
印度最根本的目的其实显而易见，那就是想要掌握战斗机的制造技术，这也是印度一直以来的心愿。印度苦苦支撑，硬着头皮坚持养着这批人，还是想着总有一天能够吃透战斗机的制造技术，这一点还是挺令人敬佩的。
印度有何方法来阻止工厂以及供应商的倒闭？
一方面，最简单也是最直接的办法，就是政府以直接给企业拨款的形式进行补贴援助，帮助企业度过经济的难关，这样才能有效减缓乃至阻止工厂及供应商的倒闭。另一方面，则要从零部件角度入手。印度之所以选择进口昂贵的零件，就是由于本土供应商不能够做出大量合格的零部件，那么把研究进口材料作为突破口，着手提高本土生产的零部件的合格率。通过培养技术工人和升级供应商的工厂生产线的方式，提升印度整个零部件生产的水平，在它们的技术成熟之后，可以给他们LCA战斗机、阵风战斗机等战机的零部件的订单，让它们维持基本的运转，未来如果还有一些新订单也可以分给它们，这样就可以完全带动它们的发展。
不过，印度当前的工业水平，能否完成这样一个自我消化到自行生产的飞跃，很值得怀疑。（作者署名：利刃军事 利刃/冬阳）
