Europe. Many migrants contribute to it. But think SG has lots of social issues with many scammers, fraud and artificially inflating economy.
Just put 10 cent takeback for recycling for drink can, I now have to pay $2/can at kopi tiam. Pay for plastic bags at supermarkets saw indirect correlation
to tapao plastic containers from 20 cents to 30cent or 50cents. Even those char kway teow changed from brown paper to plastic container to charge.