Tharman
http://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/22/news/22iht-sing_0.html
Singapore Puts Top Prosecutor On News Leak
By Michael Richardson
Published: Friday, October 22, 1993
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LinkedinDiggFacebookMixxMySpaceYahoo! BuzzPermalinkIn a determined display to maintain control of official information, the government deployed its senior legal officer Thursday to prosecute three economists, a newspaper editor and a reporter under the Official Secrets Act.
They are accused of revealing Singapore's economic growth rate for the second quarter of 1992 before it was officially published.
Attorney General Chan Sek Keong said he was personally prosecuting the case because he wanted to make a point.
"It is that persons who have been entrusted with classified information of whatever nature in the course of their official duties must keep them secret," he said.
Tharman Shanmugaratnam, director of the economic department of the Monetary Authority of Singapore, the de facto central bank, is accused of passing the figure on economic growth to Manu Bhaskaran, an economist at Crosby Securities Pte Ltd., a regional brokerage.
The other defendants are Patrick Daniel, editor of Business Times, Singapore's main financial newspaper; Kenneth James, a reporter for the newspaper; and Raymond Foo, an economist at Crosby Securities.
All five have pleaded not guilty.
The charges were filed after an investigation by Singapore's Internal Security Department of a Business Times article on June 29, 1992, which accurately forecast second-quarter growth of 4.6 percent. An official announcement of the figure was not made until August.
Mr. Bhaskaran and Mr. Foo are each charged with three counts of possessing and communicating the information. Mr. Daniel and Mr. James, face two charges each of possessing, disseminating and publishing the information.
A conviction for each charge carries a maximum penalty of two years in jail and a fine of 2,000 Singapore dollars ($1,226).
Singapore officials have denied that there is any attempt by the government to stifle publication of alternative views or legitimate information.
Shortly after the investigation of the disclosure began, Goh Chok Tong, the prime minister, said that the government had to "nip the problem in tbe bud" and prevent anyone from gaining personal advantage as a result of a misuse of official information.
"You can't run a government that is leaking all over the place," he said.
The U.S. State Department, in its annual report on human rights observance around the world earlier this year, noted that the raid by the Singapore internal security police in August 1992 on the newsroom of Business Times and later on two foreign securities firms, Crosby Securities and Merrill Lynch, followed a series of articles in the newspaper that reported on remarks by local and foreign economists that were critical of the government's economic policies.
In a speech shortly after the raid, Lee Kuan Yew, Singapore's senior minister and former prime minister, said that pressure groups, such as journalists and economists, were testing the limits of the cabinet under Mr. Goh, who recently succeeded him.
"Despite later government disclaimers of any connection between the two issues, Lee's remarks left the impression that one purpose of the raid was to discourage critical commentary by the press," the State Department report concluded.
Singapore is a former British colony. Like Britain's Official Secrets Act on which it was based, Singapore's law is so widely drawn that it allows the government to define almost any piece of unreleased official information as secret.