USAF F-22 good chance to get 1st killed by Iran using Putin's new S-400, this is what Putin need for more orders & Prices Up!

Tony Tan

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Nothing will be better than 1st kill of USAF F-22 to up S-400 prices and yet get a loooong queue of desperate customer with $$$CASH$$$ to pay deposit, and willing to wait looong time for delivery! Absolutely MAGA & Huat!


https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2019-06-30/doc-ihytcerm0274982.shtml

美伊局势紧张之际 美空军首次向其周边部署F22战机

2019年06月30日 07:37 海外网





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美空军多架F22隐形战机被派往卡塔尔乌代德空军基地。(图源:CNN)
海外网6月30日电 美伊局势近期持续紧张。美媒29日报道称,近日,美国空军首次向中东国家卡塔尔派遣至少5架F22隐形战斗机。
据美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)报道,美国空军中央司令部日前发表一份声明和照片称,派遣的F22战机已于周四(27日)抵达卡塔尔的乌代德空军基地(Al Udeid Air Base)。虽然声明中没有提到派遣的战机总数,但从照片中可以看到基地至少停放5架战机。
声明中称“首次将F22战机部署在卡塔尔,是为了保卫美国军队和美国中央指挥部负责区域的利益。”此举也是在伊朗地对空导弹在霍尔木兹海峡击落一架美国无人机一周之后,美方做出的最新动作。事发之后,伊朗称无人机是在其领空飞行,并曝光无人机残骸照片,而美国则坚称飞机是在国际水域飞行。
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位于乌代德空军基地的F22隐形战机。(图源:CNN)
现供职于格里菲斯亚洲研究所(the Griffith Asia Institute)的前澳大利亚空军军官莱顿(Peter Layton)表示,如果美国与伊朗发生全面敌对行动,F22战机的主要任务或将是瞄准伊朗的地对空导弹系统,尤其是其目前最佳防空系统S-300。莱顿说:“S-300将会成为第一波攻击的首要目标,为之后的攻击打开空间。”
6月中东地区先后发生日本油轮阿曼湾遇袭和伊朗在霍尔木兹海峡击落美无人机事件,两国关系骤然紧张。在日本油轮遇袭一事上,美方一味指责伊朗是幕后黑手,伊朗方面则做出坚决表态称美方的指责毫无根据。
2018年5月,美国单方面退出《伊核协议》,并逐级恢复对伊朗的各方面制裁,导致美伊关系此后走上下坡路。5月美国将航母战斗群派往阿拉伯海,加剧局势紧张。针对美国的动作,伊朗方面表示已做好最高级别的防御准备,以应对任何类型的威胁。(海外网 魏雪巍)




https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2019-06-30/doc-ihytcerm0328214.shtml

美国部署F22对伊施压 参议院否决约束总统动武提案

2019年06月30日 13:04 参考消息



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参考消息网6月30日报道 外媒称,美国已向海湾国家卡塔尔部署约12架空军F-22隐形战斗机,这是美中央司令部上月为应对所谓伊朗对驻该地区美军日益严重的威胁,要求实施增兵计划的一部分。
据美联社6月28日报道,美国空军中央司令部28日说,这些F-22战机本周抵达乌代德空军基地,“保护美国的军队和利益”。
空军中央司令部在其网站上刊登了数架F-22战机27日抵达时的照片,并说这是F-22战机首次在乌代德基地部署,该基地是美国在中东的空中行动中心。
报道称,携带空对空导弹并能执行地面攻击任务的F-22战机此前曾部署在阿联酋的宰夫拉空军基地,并于2018年参加支援在叙利亚作战的美军及盟军部队的任务。
白宫5月5日宣布,向该地区紧急派遣“亚伯拉罕·林肯”号航母战斗群,以回应“令人不安和不断升级的迹象和警告”,并“向伊朗政权发出信息,如果美国及其盟友的利益受到任何攻击,美国将以无情的武力予以回应”。在作出航母部署后不久,美国又向乌代德空军基地部署4架B-52战略轰炸机。
应中央司令部负责人弗兰克·麦肯齐的要求,美国最近几周还在海湾地区增加部署“爱国者”导弹防御系统。他还要求增派侦察和情报收集飞机,提高军方监控伊朗对海湾航运威胁的能力。
另据路透社6月28日报道,美国参议院28日否决了一项旨在禁止总统唐纳德·特朗普在未经国会授权的情况下对伊朗动武(自卫除外)的立法。
这项年度国防政策法案修正案提案在参议院的表决结果为50∶40,未达到在民主党把持的参议院过关所需的60票。10名参议员未投票。
在过去两个月里,美伊军事关系日趋紧张。
报道称,美国参议院27日通过2020财政年度国防授权法案,但在一些共和党和民主党议员呼吁先就此事进行讨论之后,参议院领导人罕见地决定,28日才对修正案进行表决。

他们还同意,投票将从美国东部时间凌晨5点一直持续到下午,以便于在迈阿密参加总统竞选活动的民主党人返回投票。投票于10小时后,即下午3时结束。
该提案的共和党反对者认为,如果特朗普面临来自伊朗的威胁,该法案会使他受到不必要的限制。
支持者则认为,有必要确保国会保留授权动武的宪法权利,并降低国家因误判陷入长期冲突的可能性。
一周前,特朗普在最后时刻取消对伊朗的空袭行动。
又据路透社6月28日报道,伊朗代表说,欧洲国家在28日举行的旨在作最后努力的会谈中,提供的(好处)太少,不足以说服该国放弃突破伊核协议限制的计划。
在华盛顿紧急叫停对伊朗空袭一周后,外交人士说,德黑兰还有数日即将突破2015年伊核协议规定的浓缩铀存量上限。华盛顿于2018年宣布退出该协议。
协议的其他各方,包括英国、德国、法国、俄罗斯和中国,28日在维也纳与伊朗官员举行紧急会议,希望说服德黑兰勿打破协议。

https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/world/2019-06-30/doc-ihytcerm0319775.shtml

美军F22首次飞抵卡塔尔 伊朗称已做好应对夜袭准备

2019年06月30日 12:09 海外网



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28日,多架美军F-22隐形战机飞抵美军设在卡塔尔的乌代德空军基地。美军称,这是为了应对所谓来自伊朗的“威胁”。这也是美军F-22战机首次部署在乌代德空军基地。
对此,伊朗陆军司令阿卜杜勒-拉西姆·穆萨维29日表示,伊朗有强大的军力,任何对伊朗的攻击都不可能发生。他说,“我们对敌人严密监视,甚至对夜袭都做好了应对准备”,目前的情报并没有显示出有“战争迹象”。

Https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2019-06-30/doc-ihytcerm0274982.shtml


The US Air Force deployed the F22 fighter to its surroundings for the first time.


June 30, 2019 07:37 Overseas Network







The US Air Force's multiple F22 stealth fighters were dispatched to the Udad Air Force Base in Qatar. (Source: CNN)

Overseas network on June 30th The situation in the United States and Iraq has continued to be tight recently. US media reported on the 29th that recently, the US Air Force dispatched at least five F22 stealth fighters to the Middle East Qatar for the first time.

According to CNN, the US Air Force Central Command issued a statement and photos that the dispatched F22 aircraft arrived at the Udid Air Base in Qatar on Thursday (27th). ). Although the statement did not mention the total number of fighters dispatched, it can be seen from the photo that the base has at least 5 fighters.

The statement stated that "the first deployment of the F22 in Qatar is to defend the interests of the US military and the US Central Command." The move is also to shoot down an American drone in the Strait of Hormuz in Iranian surface-to-air missiles. A week later, the latest action made by the US. After the incident, Iran claimed that the drone was flying in its airspace and exposed the photo of the drone wreck, while the United States insisted that the plane was flying in international waters.

F22 stealth fighter at Udayd Air Force Base. (Source: CNN)

Peter Layton, a former Australian Air Force officer who works for the Griffith Asia Institute, said that if the United States and Iran are fully hostile, the main task of the F22 will be to target Iran. Air-to-air missile system, especially its current best air defense system S-300. Leiden said: "The S-300 will be the primary target of the first wave of attacks, opening up space for subsequent attacks."

In June, the Middle East suffered a Japanese tanker attack on the Gulf of Oman and Iran’s shooting down of the US drone in the Strait of Hormuz. The relationship between the two countries was suddenly tense. On the occasion of the Japanese oil tanker attack, the US side accused Iran of being behind the scenes. The Iranian side made a firm statement that the US accusation was unfounded.

In May 2018, the United States unilaterally withdrew from the "Iranian Nuclear Agreement" and gradually resumed sanctions against Iran in various aspects, resulting in the US-Iran relations going downhill. In May, the United States sent the carrier battle group to the Arabian Sea, which aggravated the situation. In response to the actions of the United States, the Iranian side stated that it has prepared for the highest level of defense to deal with any type of threat. (Overseas website Wei Xueyu)





Https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2019-06-30/doc-ihytcerm0328214.shtml


The United States deploys F22 to pressure Iraq. The Senate vetoes the proposal to restrain the president from using force.


June 30, 2019 13:04 Reference message



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The reference media reported on June 30 that foreign media said that the United States has deployed about 12 Air Force F-22 stealth fighters to the Gulf of Qatar. This is the US Central Command’s response to the so-called Iran’s growing threat to the US forces in the region last month. Part of the plan to implement the surge.

According to the Associated Press reported on June 28, the US Air Force Central Command said on the 28th that these F-22 fighters arrived at Udayd Air Force Base this week to "protect the US military and interests."

The Air Force Central Command published photos of several F-22 fighters on its website on the 27th, saying that it was the first time the F-22 was deployed at the Udayd Base, the US air operations center in the Middle East.

According to reports, the F-22, which carries air-to-air missiles and can perform ground attack missions, was previously deployed at the Zafra Air Force Base in the United Arab Emirates and in 2018 participated in the mission of supporting US and Allied forces operating in Syria.

The White House announced on May 5 that it would urgently dispatch the "Abraham Lincoln" aircraft carrier battle group to the region in response to "signs and warnings of disturbing and escalating" and "send information to the Iranian regime if the United States and its allies The interests of the United States will be attacked with any ruthless force." Shortly after the deployment of the aircraft carrier, the United States deployed four B-52 strategic bombers to the Udaid Air Force Base.

At the request of Frank McKenzie, head of the Central Command, the United States has increased the deployment of the Patriot missile defense system in the Gulf in recent weeks. He also called for additional reconnaissance and intelligence gathering aircraft to improve the military's ability to monitor Iran's threat to Gulf shipping.

According to a Reuters report on June 28, the US Senate on the 28th vetoed a law aimed at banning President Donald Trump from using force against Iran (except for self-defense) without the authorization of Congress.

The proposed amendment to the National Defense Policy Act in the Senate was 50:40 in the Senate and did not reach the 60 votes required for the Senate to pass the Senate. Ten senators did not vote.

In the past two months, military relations between the United States and Iraq have become increasingly tense.

The report said that the US Senate passed the 2020 fiscal year national defense authorization bill, but after some Republican and Democratic lawmakers called for discussion on the matter, the Senate leaders rarely decided to vote on the amendment on the 28th.

They also agreed that the vote will continue from 5 am EST to the afternoon, so that Democrats who participated in the presidential campaign in Miami will return to vote. The vote ends after 10 hours, which is 3 pm.

The Republican opponent of the proposal believes that if Trump faces a threat from Iran, the bill would impose unnecessary restrictions on him.

Proponents argue that it is necessary to ensure that Congress retains the constitutional right to authorize the use of force and reduces the likelihood that the country will fall into a long-term conflict due to misjudgment.

A week ago, Trump canceled the air strike against Iran at the last moment.

According to Reuters reported on June 28, the Iranian representative said that the European countries provided too little (benefit) in the talks aimed at making final efforts on the 28th, which was not enough to persuade the country to abandon the breakthrough of the Iranian nuclear agreement. plan.

A week after Washington’s emergency call to Iran’s air strikes, diplomats said Tehran would have to break through the uranium enrichment limit set by the 2015 Iranian nuclear agreement in a few days. Washington announced its withdrawal from the agreement in 2018.

The other parties to the agreement, including the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Russia and China, held an emergency meeting with Iranian officials in Vienna on the 28th, hoping to persuade Tehran not to break the agreement.


Https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/world/2019-06-30/doc-ihytcerm0319775.shtml


US F22 flies to Qatar for the first time. Iran says it is ready to deal with the night attack.


June 30, 2019 12:09 Overseas Network



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On the 28th, a number of US F-22 stealth fighters flew to the Ueda Air Force Base in Qatar. The US military said that this is in response to the so-called "threat" from Iran. This is also the first time the US F-22 has been deployed at the Udaid Air Force Base.

In response, Iranian Army Commander Abdul Rasim Mousavi said on the 29th that Iran has a strong military power and that any attack on Iran will not happen. He said, "We are closely monitoring the enemy and even preparing for the night attack." The current information does not show "war signs."
 
There are good weapons and there are wealthy customers. And sales does not really get HOT HOT HOT without REAL WAR & REAL KILL. Everyone is only waiting for the kill. Good chance now in Iran that missiles and targets are getting close to a love meeting for 1st time, after all these years of looong waiting.

Both sides are making political statements of falsehood peace, say I don't want war. But all working hardest to get ready for war.
 
Wah f22 is like expensive parking no ? Who paying ? Qatar ?
 
F-22 cannot be detected by S-400 radar. How to shoot?


Fat hope!

More than 100 models of radars now can see Many so call stealth planes and even 3rd world and ABNN are making these new toys.

The have airborne landed and sea-borne versions. Soon will exceed 200 models. Iran got them and I am not surprised even NK got.

There are 4 to 5 streams of technologies newest and oldest to counter so-called stealth:

  1. VHF (meter-wave-length) radars - oldest - shot down F-117 in Serbian Wars.
  2. Passive Radars. Since 90s.
  3. Multi-band combination synthetic aperture - currently most used and most developed & deployed.
  4. Terahertz - frequency almost reaching Infrared and much higher than mm-wave, only approx 10 yrs history, scan under ocean for submarines also!
  5. Quantum Radar - latest black magic mastered by Chinese. They combined laser lidar & Terahertz and then quantum bonding, this is nearly optical technology but not visible light frequency.

If S-400 cannot nicely track and shoot F-22 then Putin already in deep shit since his day one in Kremlin. B-2B & F-22 would had bomb him dead.

All it need was the correct war, that will force B-2B + F-22 + F-35 to face S-400 in a live & death war that cannot be avoided any further.

It will be soon.

Because F-22 coating must stay in a very expensive special shelter to keep it's ultra-ultra-expensive skin cosmetics! Especially under summer sun in Middle East! The sun and heat make F-22 coating lost stealth within days! US using OUT-DATED TECHNOLOGY of radar signal absorbing coating to coat on non-stealth composite material surfaces of warplanes. The coating needs to be stripped out and re-coated every few month or few weeks depending on the heat and UV & sunlight condition it exposed to.

Chinese don't depend on any coating to make stealth warplanes. Their material is top secret high technology based on ultra advanced physical development = super-material of NEGATIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX hence in terms of physic the material does not reflect radar energies, because it's angle of refraction reflect into the material surface itself instead of reflecting away from itself. Hence radar energy goes inwards and converted to heat only. To do this, both, the Permittivity and magnetic permeability are NEGATIVE instead of POSITIVE figures. This is the composite material molded into shapes as plates on the fuselage (body of planes) of PLA stealth warplanes. They don't rely on surface coatings to achieve stealth at all. Their surface can be ANY Color NORMAL Paints. That is why J-20 kept changing their surface colors and camouflage patterns like fashion designs and according to the season, festive and climate environment of deployment. F-22 are very RESTRICTIVE in their surface coating, it costs high hundreds of thousands of dollars to re-coat.

F-35 a bit more advanced in their COATING types. But are still coating instead of their fuselage material, that absorbed radar waves. F-35 will still get problems of losing their stealth coatings, when flying supersonic speed, that high air abrasion & high heat during supersonic flights will peel off their anti-stealth coatings, exposing them to anti-aircraft fire by 3rd world lousy radars!

https://www.defensenews.com/air/201...e-big-problems-for-the-f-35s-stealth-coating/



Supersonic speeds could cause big problems for the F-35′s stealth coating

By: Valerie Insinna and David B. Larter   June 12



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An F-35C flies over the U.S.s Navy's stealth guided-missile destroyer Zumwalt as the ship transits the Chesapeake Bay on Oct. 17, 2016. (Andy Wolfe/U.S. Navy)



WASHINGTON — At extremely high altitudes, the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps’ versions of the F-35 jet can only fly at supersonic speeds for short bursts of time before there is a risk of structural damage and loss of stealth capability, a problem that may make it impossible for the Navy’s F-35C to conduct supersonic intercepts.

The Defense Department does not intend to field a fix for the problem, which influences not only the F-35’s airframe and the low-observable coating that keeps it stealthy, but also the myriad antennas located on the back of the plane that are currently vulnerable to damage, according to documents exclusively obtained by Defense News.

The F-35 Joint Program Office has classified the issues for the "B" and "C" models as separate category 1 deficiencies, indicating in one document that the problem presents a challenge to accomplishing one of the key missions of the fighter jet. In this scale, category 1 represents the most serious type of deficiency.

Click here for more on the hidden troubles of the F-35.

Both deficiencies were first observed in late 2011 following flutter tests where the F-35B and F-35C both flew at speeds of Mach 1.3 and Mach 1.4. During a post-flight inspection in November 2011, it was discovered the F-35B sustained “bubbling [and] blistering” of the stealth coating on both the right and left sides of the horizontal tail and the tail boom.

During similar tests of the F-35C in December 2011, “thermal damage” that compromised the structural integrity of the inboard horizontal tail and tail boom were apparent.

Vice Adm. Mat Winter, who leads the F-35 program on behalf of the Pentagon, told Defense News that the department has taken steps to mitigate the problem with an improved spray-on coating, but added that the government will not completely fix it — instead accepting additional risk.

As justification for the decision, Winter noted that the issue was documented while the jet was flying at the very edge of its flight envelope. He also said the phenomenon only occurred once for both the B and C models, despite numerous attempts to replicate the conditions that caused the problem.

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“How often do we expect something like that to occur?” he said. “It's very, very small.”

Greg Ulmer, Lockheed Martin’s F-35 program head, said there have been no cases of this problem occurring in the operational fleet and that incidents have been limited to the “highest extremes of flight testing conditions that are unlikely replicated in operational scenarios.”

Winter acknowledged that the deficiency could keep the Navy from accomplishing its supersonic intercept mission — as the documents charge — if similar issues were being experienced more widely across the F-35C inventory.

“If you had that performance on all of your fleet, then you would have a problem. That’s not the case,” he said.

“We have put into place what we believe are the appropriate technical fix to ensure that our F-35Cs have the full envelope and capability to do the high-speed mission, if needed. That’s where we are. Right now, our United States Navy and Marine Corps flying the sea agree with that,” he said.

The new coating, which was introduced in Lot 8, allows the jet to withstand hotter temperatures caused by the afterburner, the documents stated. Winter characterized the material as able to withstand “what we call the thermal shock wave,” but declined to specify how the coating works or how much protection it provides.

“It may be some future advanced materials that can withstand the pressure and the temperature,” Winter said. “Then we see that, and we go, ‘Hey, look, we've got this on the book,’ [and] we do a test check to see if that new material solves that problem.”

The Defense Department has also instituted time limits on the number of seconds the F-35B and F-35C can fly at speeds in excess of Mach 1.2 while at full afterburner.

However, those restrictions are somewhat complicated, and it is unclear how pilots are expected to monitor their compliance to the limits while in flight.



The Marine Corps’ ‘No. 1 priority’ for the F-35 involves a rough landing in hot environments

When it's a hot one, the F-35B might struggle to land safely. And that could be bad news for industry.

By: Aaron Mehta



The Marine Corps’ ‘No. 1 priority’ for the F-35 involves a rough landing in hot environments

When it's a hot one, the F-35B might struggle to land safely. And that could be bad news for industry.

By: Aaron Mehta

For example, an F-35C can only fly at Mach 1.3 in afterburner for 50 cumulative seconds, meaning that a pilot cannot clock 50 seconds at that speed, slow down for a couple seconds and then speed back up. However, the time requirements reset after the pilot operates at military power — an engine power setting that allows for less speed and thrust than afterburner — for a duration of three minutes.

The F-35B can fly for 80 cumulative seconds at Mach 1.2 or 40 seconds at Mach 1.3 without risking damage.

But for both the C and B models, flying at Mach 1.3 over the specified time limits poses the risk of inducing structural damage to the aircraft’s horizontal stabilizer.

It is infeasible for the Navy or Marine Corps to operate the F-35 against a near-peer threat under such restrictions, the documents acknowledge.

“Pilot observed timers are not practical/observable in operationally relevant scenarios,” one document read. Another document said that “pilots will be unable to comply with time limit in many cases due to high mission workload, resulting in lost missions due to aircraft damage.”

And when those timer violations occur, they will result in “degradation of [stealth], damage to [communications, navigation and identification] antennas, and/or significant [horizontal tail damage],” one document explained.

How significant is this problem?

The limitations on the afterburner, when combined with another deficiency pertaining to the plane’s maneuverability, could prove deadly in close-combat scenarios.

The concept of operations for the F-35 is to kill an enemy aircraft before it can detect the fighter jet, but relying on long-range kills is a perspective that, for historical and cultural reasons, naval aviation distrusts. In the Vietnam War, when air warfare began heavily relying on missiles and moved away from the forward gun, it caused a spike in air-to-air combat deaths.

The lesson naval aviation took away was to prevent the latest and greatest technology from offsetting the learning of fundamentals, and it was the impetus behind the formation of Top Gun 50 years ago, a naval strike fighter course for training and tactics development.

“The solution is: ‘Hey, we’ll just limit the afterburner to less than a minute at a time,’ ” one retired naval aviator said, when told of the issue. “Which, with what the aircraft is supposed to do and be capable of, that’s a pretty significant limitation.”

“If you want to use it on the first or second day [of a conflict], it has to be stealthy, so you can’t hang a lot of external stores, which means you have to use internal fuel and internal weapons. And that means you have to launch fairly close in and you’ve got to be close enough to do something to somebody. And that usually means you are in a contested environment,” the aviator said.

“So you’re saying that I can’t operate in a contested environment unless you can guarantee that I’m going to be however far away from the thing I’m trying to kill,” the aviator added. “If I had to maneuver to defeat a missile, maneuver to fight another aircraft, the plane could have issues moving. And if I turn around aggressively and get away from these guys and use the afterburner, it starts to melt or have issues.”

The issue is compounded for the Navy, which must operate forward for months at a time, because any significant issues with coatings or the structure of aircraft would require a depot-level repair. And so a damaged aircraft would remain damaged until its host ship return to home port, reducing the combat effectiveness of the air wing.

“We might have to be operating at sea for eight months, so if you damage something on week one, guess what? It’s damaged for the rest of the deployment. And it affects your ability to evade detection by the enemy — you just degraded that asset permanently until you can get it somewhere where it can be fixed, at great expense and time,” the aviator said.

However, a naval aviator currently in service said the afterburner problem may not be that troubling to pilots, who must frequently work around a jet’s limitations. The key, he said, is understanding how often the issue occurs.

"I think you'd do well to go back and look at all the times they used the afterburner and that didn't happen," he said. "We're talking about tens of thousands of sorties at this point that this aircraft has flown."

Other aircraft that the Navy operates also have afterburner limits, he explained.

“I think that number needs context,” he said. "It looks scary on its own, but [the Super Hornet] has afterburner limits. They’re not that restrictive, but they have them. The aircraft has an afterburner, you want it to work.

“But I would want to get context for that number: Does this represent 0.002 percent of all sorties? If that’s the case, I don’t give a sh--, and I’ll probably have 15 other things fail before that."

Bryan Clark, previously a top aide to former Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Jonathan Greenert and now an analyst with the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, likened the limitation on the afterburner to similar restrictions on submarine and ship operations.

“I think the operational impact is not huge, since it only applies during a small fraction of the jet’s operational profile. In subs and ships, we have a ‘safe operating envelope’ that defines where the platform is engineered to operate reliably for a long time. We can operate outside the safe operating envelope for a short time, but there are risks to doing so. The operator or commander needs to balance those risks against the benefits," he said.

“That is similar to this situation," he added. "The pilot can be on afterburner as long as needed to evade a threat but has to know the risk of structural damage increases. The pilot can balance that against the risk of getting shot down because he or she didn’t evade fast enough.”

The most important piece will be how well trained the pilot is on the aircraft, he continued.

“As a submariner, I knew the risks of being outside the safe operating envelope and how those risks increased over time and would impact ship performance.”







https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2018-10-08/doc-ifxeuwws1999539.shtml


歼20顶级隐身材料究竟是何神器 竟由海归加民企研制

歼20顶级隐身材料究竟是何神器 竟由海归加民企研制



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在不考虑当前因为发动机限制而造成某些局限的情况下,歼-20毫无疑问是一款谋求全面五代机标准的先进战斗机。这其中当然包括隐身能力,歼-20在隐身上所下的功夫都堪比美国的F-22和F-35战机。
据总设计师杨伟院士介绍,歼-20采用了民间企业研制的碳纤维与超材料。超材料堪称顶级隐身战机必不可少的“黑科技”,歼-15/FC-31总师孙聪在央视《我是未来》节目中介绍深圳光启企业研发的超材料时称,它可根据电磁方程式想要的结果,逆推回去所需的边界条件来设计材料特性,可用在雷达隐身的关键位置。今天,北国防务就来说说歼-20所用超材料究竟是什么“黑科技”。
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杨伟亲承歼-20使用了超材料技术
根据电气和电子工程师协会(IEEE)的定义, “超材料”指得是电磁特性与天然材料截然不同的人造材料,例如其电容率与磁导率为负值,导致电磁波穿过的折射率也是负值。其原理是利用纳米尺度的人造结构对电磁波产生共振效应,因而改变其传导特性。




因此,超材料的制造需要纳米材料技术的支持,虽然俄罗斯科学家在1967年就提出了超材料的理论结构,但直到2000年才由美国科学家实际制造出来。在此之后,许多科学家投入超材料的应用,例如分辨率超过绕射极限的超级透镜、能够往后扫描的微波天线、以及最受军方重视的隐身材料。
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美国杜克大学David Smith博士领导的团队在2006年发展的隐形装置,利用特殊结构的超材料可以让特定频率微波穿越该装置而不被其中的物体所反射。该团队的成员刘若鹏回国成立深圳光启企业
在雷达隐身的设计理论中,最有名的话就是洛·马工程师所说的: “形状、形状、形状与材料”,意即先设计出能避免雷达波反射回天线的外型,因此孙聪在节目中也是从隐身外型的平行角度原则开始介绍起。然而,飞机无法设计成完美的隐身外型,势必会留下一些 “隐身缺口”,这时就需要特殊材料消除回波,使雷达隐身达到近乎完美的水平。
常见的隐身材料是能够吸收雷达波,转换成热能的材料,因此又称为 “吸波材料”。早期的吸波材料是利用介电材料掺杂适当电容与磁导特性的颗粒来吸收能量,例如荷兰科学家在1936年提出用高电容性的氧化钛作为介质,掺杂石墨颗粒来吸收能量。德国在二战主要使用两种吸波材料:Wesch是在橡胶中掺杂碳氧化铁粉,厚度仅7.62mm,但只能对抗3GHz的盟军反潜雷达;Jaumann则是多层塑料与电容介质堆栈而成,厚度高达76mm,但能将2-15GHz雷达波的反射都降低为1/100。
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吸波材料不能取代隐身形状,两者要互相搭配才能达到隐身需求
吸波材料主要的挑战在于厚度与带宽难以两全,要增加吸收带宽就要采用多层式结构,厚度就居高不下,难以运用在飞行器上。上世纪60年代,碳氧化铁或氧化铁制成的磁性材料逐渐受到重视,因为它们可以较薄的厚度达到相同吸波效果,即便多层叠加也比传统材料来得低。但它的问题是密度较大,而且较为脆弱,如何让它贴附在飞机蒙皮上承受气动负载成为高度机密的军事技术。
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美国在二战后秘密进行隐身材料与回波量测技术的研究,曾在T-33(右二)表面贴附2.5厘米厚的吸波材料进行空中测试,飞行员形容该机像云霄飞车般难以驾驭
美国在上世纪60年代发展的SR-71可能就用上了这类吸波材料,可惜外型不够隐身而没有发挥太大效果。上世纪70年代发展的F-117虽然运用了隐身外型的原理,但由于计算机计算能力不足,表面由大量平面拼接而成,理论上在表面爬行的电磁波在边缘会产生大范围散射而削减隐身效果,但洛克希德公司就在金属蒙皮外包覆吸波材料来吸收这些能量,藉由外型与材料的搭配产生世上第一架隐身飞机。
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早期隐身飞机采用的黏贴式吸波材料在拆除时需要大量人工,后来都改用喷漆方式加快速度。诺·格公司在近年也为B-2研发了吸波涂料取代掉900多米长的吸波 “胶带”,采用机器人喷洒以精确控制吸波涂料的厚度
然而,吸波材料要黏贴在蒙皮上需要动用剧毒的有机溶剂,这使得隐身维修作业需要大量专业人力,且平常需要封闭的空调机库来降低耗损。因此从F-22开始,除了使用喷洒式吸波涂料来缩短工时外,也开始将吸波材料嵌入飞机结构,而省却维修工作。
前面提到,石墨很早就被用来当作吸波材料,因为它的电能损耗与导电性成正比,因此电波能量在传递的同时也被转换成热能。而在上世纪70年代后,将石墨纤维嵌入塑料的复合材料由于具有重量轻,强度高的特点,逐渐被应用在飞机上。两种需求一拍即合,F-22的表面大量采用碳纤维复合材料制成,传闻其纤维排列可能就运用了吸波原理,使其同时具备吸收电磁波能量的隐身效果。
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深圳光启公司在2016年珠海航展中展出的多种超材料隐身结构与天线

而F-35战机为了降低后勤成本,更加倚重吸波结构而非涂料。2011年,洛·马宣布F-35机身开始有部分零件使用纳米碳管嵌入有机聚合物的复合材料,理由是其强度为碳纤复材的数倍,但重量却减轻25-30%。但外界推测内情并不单纯,这些纳米碳管可能兼具吸波材料的效果,并可能运用上超材料的技术。不过,这里的超材料并不是像隐形斗蓬般可以让电磁波从表面流过—这种概念仍然有太多问题要克服—-而是采用吸波材料的原理,但在极薄厚度中设计出高阻抗微结构,使雷达波 “进得来但是出不去”。
超材料的另一种运用是它对频率的限制较为精准,可以让特定频率通过,却阻挡其他频率的电磁波。由于隐身飞机的雷达罩需要对自己的雷达透明,但却能避免敌军电波的穿透,一直是隐身材料中的最高工艺,很可能也能用纳米尺度的超材料来强化效果。由此可知,歼-20采用的超材料应该是纳米尺度的碳结构,目的就是强化隐身效果。(作者署名:北国防务)

http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2018-08-08/doc-ihhkusku0894504.shtml

中国量产超级隐身材料 首架“全隐身”战机即将诞生

中国量产超级隐身材料 首架“全隐身”战机即将诞生






“十年苦读无人问,一朝名动天下知”,此前的中国就像是一名寒窗苦读的学生,默默的看着窗外热闹的世界,忍辱负重的埋头苦读。事实证明,中国人是世界最优秀的,经几十年的积累,现如今的中国迎来了技术井喷。最近播出的《大国重器》栏目,就是在细数我国技术井喷时代的几款代表性作品。其中3月5日,央视播出的第八集《大国重器》,隆重介绍了我国最新掌握的一款超级材料,同时,栏目中还爆料,该材料已经领先世界,首次在中国实现量产。
为什么称之为超级材料呢?“超”的意思就是超越、超过,凡是超越自然材料的,具有自然材料所不具备的超常物理性质的材料,就是超级材料,简称“超材料”。目前世界上主流的超材料包括:“左手材料”、光子晶体、“超磁性材料”。我国实现量产的就是目前最被看好的“左手材料”。
为什么不叫“右手材料”呢?这是因为,这种超材料颠覆了物理学的“右手规律”,即电场与磁场之间的关系定律,使得电磁波在其传播时,出现有负相速度、负折射率,因此被称为“左手材料”。
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“左手材料”的这些特性意味着什么呢?这就意味着,电磁波经过该材料,会出现负的折射率,这将会使得被物体阻挡的电磁波绕着走,电磁波实现了无障碍通过,即不会产生任何反射。我们都知道雷达的工作原理,其就是利用反射回来的雷达波来发现目标物体。那么,使用超材料后,雷达技术将不再有任何作用。
目前,包括歼20、F22、F35在内的隐身飞机,都无法完全做到防止雷达电磁波反射,尤其是在面对毫米波雷达时,情况更为严重。因此,下一代隐身战斗机的标准就是实现完全无电磁波反射。
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在实验室掌握一项新技术,并不能解决实际问题。超材料并不是只有中国一家在研究,美俄等国也在大力的开发。只有实现量产,才能被投入正式使用,而中国的科技工作者率先在世界上攻克了超材料量产难题,为中国下一代隐身飞机打下了坚实的基础,同时也为J20、J31的后续升级提供了新的窗口。

早年间。有一群年轻人来到了深圳龙岗,建立了深圳光启高等理工研究院。在建院的这几年里,光启已在全球申请超材料核心技术及应用专利超过1700件,占该领域全球专利总量的85%以上。就是这个研究院,促成了中国超材料的量产。超材料的量产使得其作为飞机蒙皮的条件变得成熟,照此推算,未来量产的超材料蒙皮将率先使用在J20飞机上,预计下一批次的J20就可以完全使用这种材料作为蒙皮,到那时,J20将完全压倒F22,成为世界首款全隐身战斗机,在面对F22的时候,将拥有单项透明的优势。(作者署名:曼曼说事)


Https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2018-10-08/doc-ifxeuwws1999539.shtml



歼20 Top stealth material is what artifact is actually developed by Haiguijia private enterprise


歼20 Top stealth material is what artifact is actually developed by Haiguijia private enterprise



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Without considering the current limitations due to engine limitations, the J-20 is undoubtedly an advanced fighter for the full five-generation machine standard. Of course, this includes stealth ability, and the 歼-20's work on the hidden body is comparable to the American F-22 and F-35 fighters.

According to the chief designer Yang Wei, the 歼-20 uses carbon fiber and metamaterials developed by private enterprises. Metamaterials are the indispensable "black technology" for top stealth fighters. Sun Cong, the general manager of 歼-15/FC-31, introduced the super materials developed by Shenzhen Guangqi in CCTV's "I am the future" program. According to the desired result of the electromagnetic equation, the material properties can be designed by retrograde back to the required boundary conditions, which can be used in the key position of the radar stealth. Today, the Northern Defence Service is talking about what the "black technology" of the super material used in the 歼-20 is.

Yang Wei pro-inherited 歼-20 using metamaterial technology

According to the definition of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), “metamaterial” refers to an artificial material whose electromagnetic properties are completely different from those of natural materials, such as a negative value of its permittivity and magnetic permeability, which leads to the refractive index of electromagnetic waves passing through. Negative value. The principle is to use the nano-scale artificial structure to produce a resonance effect on electromagnetic waves, thus changing its conduction characteristics.





Therefore, the manufacture of metamaterials requires the support of nanomaterial technology. Although Russian scientists proposed the theoretical structure of metamaterials in 1967, it was not actually produced by American scientists until 2000. Since then, many scientists have invested in metamaterial applications such as superlenses with resolutions above the diffraction limit, microwave antennas that can be scanned backwards, and stealth materials that are most valued by the military.

Invisible devices developed by Dr. David Smith of Duke University in the United States in 2006, using special structures of metamaterials to allow specific frequencies of microwaves to pass through the device without being reflected by objects. Liu Ruopeng, a member of the team, returned to China to establish Shenzhen Guangqi Enterprise

In the design theory of radar stealth, the most famous words are what Luo Ma engineer said: "shape, shape, shape and material", which means to design the appearance that can avoid the reflection of radar waves back to the antenna, so Sun Cong The program is also introduced from the parallel angle principle of stealth appearance. However, the aircraft can not be designed as a perfect stealth appearance, which is bound to leave some “stealth gaps”. At this time, special materials are needed to eliminate the echoes, so that the radar stealth reaches a near perfect level.

Common stealth materials are materials that absorb radar waves and convert them into heat, so they are also called “absorbers”. Early absorbing materials used dielectric materials to dope with particles of appropriate capacitance and magnetic permeability. For example, Dutch scientists proposed in 1936 to use high-capacitance titanium oxide as a medium to dope graphite particles to absorb energy. Germany mainly used two kinds of absorbing materials in World War II: Wesch is doped with carbon iron oxide powder in rubber, the thickness is only 7.62mm, but it can only fight against 3GHz Allied anti-submarine radar; Jaumann is a multilayer plastic and capacitor dielectric stack. The thickness is as high as 76mm, but it can reduce the reflection of 2-15GHz radar waves to 1/100.

Absorbing materials can't replace the stealth shape, so the two must match each other to achieve stealth needs.

The main challenge of absorbing materials is that thickness and bandwidth are difficult to achieve. To increase the absorption bandwidth, a multi-layer structure is required, and the thickness is high, which is difficult to use on an aircraft. In the 1960s, magnetic materials made of iron oxide or iron oxide were gradually gaining attention because they can achieve the same absorbing effect with a thinner thickness, even if the multilayer stacking is lower than that of conventional materials. But its problem is that it is denser and more fragile, and how to make it attached to the aircraft skin to withstand the aerodynamic load becomes a highly secretive military technology.

After the Second World War, the United States secretly conducted research on stealth materials and echo measurement technology. It used the 2.5-cm thick absorbing material on the surface of T-33 (second right) for aerial testing. The pilot described the aircraft as unmanageable as a roller coaster.

The SR-71 developed by the United States in the 1960s may have used such absorbing materials, but the appearance is not enough to be invisible and does not exert much effect. Although the F-117 developed in the 1970s used the principle of stealth appearance, due to the lack of computer computing power, the surface was spliced by a large number of planes. In theory, electromagnetic waves crawling on the surface will generate large-scale scattering at the edges to reduce stealth. The effect, but Lockheed is coated with absorbing materials on the metal skin to absorb this energy, and the world's first stealth aircraft is produced by the combination of appearance and materials.

Adhesive absorbing materials used in early stealth aircraft required a lot of labor when dismantling, and later they used paint to speed up. In recent years, Northrop Grumman has also developed a absorbing coating for the B-2 to replace the more than 900 meters of absorbing "tape", using robotic spray to precisely control the thickness of the absorbing coating.

However, the absorbing material needs to use a highly toxic organic solvent to adhere to the skin, which requires a lot of professional manpower for stealth maintenance work, and usually requires a closed air conditioner hangar to reduce wear and tear. Therefore, starting from the F-22, in addition to using spray absorbing coatings to shorten the working hours, it also began to embed the absorbing material into the aircraft structure, eliminating the need for maintenance work.

As mentioned earlier, graphite has long been used as a absorbing material because its electrical energy loss is proportional to electrical conductivity, so that the energy of the electric wave is converted into thermal energy as it is transmitted. After the 1970s, composite materials in which graphite fibers were embedded in plastics were gradually applied to aircraft due to their light weight and high strength. The two needs are hit and hit. The surface of the F-22 is made of carbon fiber composite material. It is rumored that the fiber arrangement may use the principle of absorbing wave, so that it has the stealth effect of absorbing electromagnetic energy.

Shenzhen Guangqi Company exhibited a variety of metamaterial stealth structures and antennas at the 2016 Zhuhai Air Show

In order to reduce logistics costs, the F-35 fighters rely more on absorbing structures than coatings. In 2011, Lockheed Martin announced that the F-35 fuselage began to use some carbon nanotubes embedded in organic polymer composite parts, the reason is that its strength is several times that of carbon fiber composite, but the weight is reduced by 25-30%. However, it is speculated that the internal conditions are not simple. These carbon nanotubes may have the effect of absorbing materials and may use the technology of super-materials. However, the metamaterials here are not like invisible cloaks that allow electromagnetic waves to flow from the surface—a concept that still has too many problems to overcome—but the principle of absorbing materials, but designed in very thin thicknesses. High-impedance microstructures make radar waves "into but inaccessible."

Another use of metamaterials is that they have a more precise frequency limit that allows specific frequencies to pass but blocks electromagnetic waves at other frequencies. Because the hood of the stealth aircraft needs to be transparent to its own radar, but it can avoid the penetration of enemy radio waves, it has always been the highest process in stealth materials, and it is likely that nanometer-scale metamaterials can also be used to enhance the effect. It can be seen that the metamaterial used in the 歼-20 should be a nano-scale carbon structure, the purpose is to enhance the stealth effect. (Author's signature: Northern Defense)


Http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2018-08-08/doc-ihhkusku0894504.shtml


China's mass production super stealth material The first "all stealth" fighter is about to be born


China's mass production super stealth material The first "all stealth" fighter is about to be born







"After ten years of hard work, no one asked, and once I became known to the world," China was like a student who was studying hard in the cold window. He silently looked at the lively world outside the window, and humiliated and eagerly read hard. Facts have proved that the Chinese are the best in the world. After decades of accumulation, today's China has ushered in a technical blowout. The recently published "Great Powers" column is a few representative works in the era of China's technology blowout. On March 5th, CCTV broadcasted the eighth episode of "Great Powers", which introduced the latest super material in China. At the same time, the column also broke the news. This material has already led the world and achieved mass production in China for the first time. .

Why is it called super material? "Super" means transcendence and surpassing. Any material that transcends natural materials and has extraordinary physical properties not possessed by natural materials is supermaterial, referred to as "supermaterial". At present, the mainstream metamaterials in the world include: "left-handed materials", photonic crystals, and "supermagnetic materials". China's mass production is currently the most favored "left-handed material."

Why not call it "right hand material"? This is because this metamaterial subverts the "right-hand rule" of physics, that is, the law of the relationship between the electric field and the magnetic field, so that when the electromagnetic wave propagates, there is a negative phase velocity and a negative refractive index, so it is called " Left hand material."

What do these characteristics of “left-handed materials” mean? This means that when the electromagnetic wave passes through the material, a negative refractive index will appear, which will cause the electromagnetic wave blocked by the object to go around, and the electromagnetic wave realizes the barrier-free passage, that is, no reflection is generated. We all know how the radar works. It uses the reflected radar waves to find the target object. Then, after using metamaterials, radar technology will no longer have any effect.

At present, stealth aircraft including 歼20, F22, and F35 cannot completely prevent radar electromagnetic wave reflection, especially when faced with millimeter wave radar. Therefore, the standard for the next generation of stealth fighters is to achieve complete electromagnetic wave reflection.

Mastering a new technology in the lab does not solve the actual problem. Metamaterials are not only developed by China, but also by the United States and Russia. Only by mass production can it be put into formal use, and Chinese scientists and technicians take the lead in solving the problem of mass production of super materials in the world, laying a solid foundation for China's next-generation stealth aircraft, and also upgrading the J20 and J31. A new window is available.

In the early years. A group of young people came to Shenzhen Longgang and established the Shenzhen Guangqi Institute of Advanced Science and Technology. In the past few years, Guangqi has applied for more than 1,700 patents and application patents for supermaterials worldwide, accounting for more than 85% of the total global patents in this field. It is this research institute that has contributed to the mass production of Chinese metamaterials. The mass production of metamaterials has made it mature as a condition for aircraft skins. Based on this calculation, the mass-produced metamaterial skin will be used first on the J20 aircraft. It is expected that the next batch of J20 will be fully used. As a skinned material, the J20 will completely overwhelm the F22 and become the world's first full stealth fighter. In the face of the F22, it will have the advantage of single transparency. (Author's signature: Manman said something)
 
@US$235 million per unit inclusive of development cost F-22 set to meet Russian & Iranian missiles soon! Clock ticking! There is no time because in the hot middle east summer now, the F-22 cannot survive this heat without losing it stealth coating, which have to be kept in USA's specially cooled shelter hangers. Hence they have just ONLY 1 SINGLE PERMANENT BASE. Deployment outside this base especially in hot middle east summer cannot be too long. Under hot sun heat they will lost their stealth coat. Alike
Cinderella at midnight, or emperor's new clothes.

http://www.sohu.com/a/324649066_99905537?spm=smpc.home.mil-pics.2.1562179548367vUixqCj





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击落美军隐身战机就差临门一脚?45公里距离上锁定,俄制导弹支援

2019-07-03 23:16

核心提示:从伊朗方面看,伊朗空军虽然被武器禁运多年,但还是可以支持数架F-14升空作战,还有米格-29战机,有战斗力的战机数量在20至30架,对美军可形成一定的威胁,这也是美军将F-35、F-22部署到波斯湾的主要原因。

三体军事 国之利器第1741期 自美空军全球鹰无人机被击落之后,美军在波斯湾的活动明显被限制,由于无法得到强大的战力支援,美军也只能做出积极防御的姿态,同时保持一定的远程打击能力,要想发起诸如科索沃战争同一级别的局部战争,非常难。从美军自身的角度看,代理国防部长沙纳汉并不是一个指挥官出身,而是波音公司前高管,在项目管理能力上比较突出,打仗不是其擅长。

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美军在伊朗核协议失效之后,在波斯湾也仅仅部署了林肯号航母战斗群和基萨奇山号两栖攻击舰,同时在卡塔尔部署了多架F-22战机,外加上个月就位的B-52轰炸机,F-35战机,美军在波斯湾附近的战备摆明了就是一个防御姿态。林肯号航母上携带40架战机,加上陆基战斗机支援,美军能够投入的战机数量不过百架,根本无法形成对伊朗空军的压倒性优势。

从伊朗方面看,伊朗空军虽然被武器禁运多年,但还是可以支持数架F-14升空作战,还有米格-29战机,有战斗力的战机数量在20至30架,对美军可形成一定的威胁,这也是美军将F-35、F-22部署到波斯湾的主要原因。伊朗还有4个营的S-300防空系统,算是看家神器,连部署地点都是绝密级,曾经有多个伊朗人泄露了S-300阵地位置,结果可想而知,就是绞刑伺候。

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S-300在伊朗防空力量中处于绝对核心的地位,理论上能够威胁到美军隐身战机,那就看俄罗斯军火商有没有乱报参数了。伊朗自研的Khordad 15防空导弹则是伊朗国产主力,对非隐身战机的探测距离为150公里,跟踪距离为120公里,对于隐身目标的探测距离为85公里,可在45公里的距离将其击落。

Khordad 15能同时摧毁6个目标,准备时间小于5分钟,伊朗特别强调其对抗隐身战机的能力。其实我们不妨分析一下,伊朗的防空系统仍然以苏式为主,主力S-300数量4个营,比较少,更多的是杂牌,比如S-200防空系统、2K12防空系统、Sayyad-1防空导弹、Sayyad-2/3防空导弹、形似S-300的Bavar-373防空系统等。Khordad 15使用的就是Sayyad-3防空导弹,这款导弹被任务是利用美制标准导弹技术制造,但外形与俄制9K37萨姆-11防空导弹非常相似。整体看上,伊朗的防空网基本覆盖了150公里内的各种高度和射程,有一定的拦截能力。至于Sayyad-3防空导弹对于隐身战机的拦截效果,这一点可能存在扩大的成分,因为打隐身战机是世界级的难题,中美俄都在研究,也不见得有很好的方法。对于跟踪隐身战机不存在质疑,因为跟踪是没有问题的,但要利用火控雷达照射并锁定,这是一个技术瓶颈。

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可以认为谁先攻克了这个技术,那所有的隐身战机都可以退役了。因此伊朗防空火力的优势在于空地一体,有俄制S-300,外加自研的Khordad 15防空系统,基本上可对非隐身战机形成强大的威慑,美舰载机敢来就等着挨揍,这一点S-300是非常有信心的。头条号三体军事独家,有且只有发头条号,若在其他平台出现均为未经授权转载。返回搜狐,查看更多



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Shooting the US stealth fighters is a good thing? Locked at a distance of 45 kilometers, Russian-made missile support
2019-07-03 23:16

Core Tip: From the Iranian side, although the Iranian Air Force has been embargoed for many years, it can still support several F-14 launches, as well as MiG-29 fighters. The number of combat aircraft is 20 to 30. The US military can pose certain threats, which is the main reason why the US military deployed the F-35 and F-22 to the Persian Gulf.

After the US Air Force Global Hawk drone was shot down, the US military’s activities in the Persian Gulf were obviously restricted. Because of the lack of strong military support, the US military can only make a positive defense posture. At the same time, maintaining a certain long-range strike capability, it is very difficult to launch a local war at the same level as the Kosovo war. From the perspective of the US military itself, Acting Minister of Defense Shanahan is not a commander, but a former Boeing executive. He is more prominent in project management capabilities, and he is not good at fighting.

After the failure of the Iranian nuclear agreement, the US military deployed only the Lincoln aircraft carrier battle group and the Kisaki mountain amphibious assault ship in the Persian Gulf. At the same time, several F-22 fighters were deployed in Qatar, plus a month-old B. -52 bomber, F-35 fighter, the US military's war preparations near the Persian Gulf is a defensive posture. The Lincoln aircraft carrier carries 40 fighters, and with the support of land-based fighters, the number of fighters that the US military can invest in is not more than one hundred, and it cannot form an overwhelming advantage over the Iranian Air Force.

From the Iranian side, although the Iranian Air Force has been embargoed by weapons for many years, it can still support several F-14 launches, as well as MiG-29 fighters. The number of combat aircraft is 20 to 30, which can form a US military. A certain threat, this is the main reason why the US military deployed the F-35 and F-22 to the Persian Gulf. There are also four battalions of the S-300 air defense system in Iran. It is a housekeeping artifact. Even the deployment sites are top secret. There have been many Iranians leaking the position of the S-300. The result is conceivable.

The S-300 is in an absolute core position in Iranian air defense forces. In theory, it can threaten the US military stealth fighters. Then, see if the Russian arms dealers have reported the parameters. The Iranian self-developed Khordad 15 anti-aircraft missile is the main force of Iranian domestic production. The detection distance for non-stealth fighters is 150 kilometers, the tracking distance is 120 kilometers, and the detection distance for stealth targets is 85 kilometers, which can be shot down at a distance of 45 kilometers. .

The Khordad 15 can destroy six targets at the same time, with a preparation time of less than five minutes. Iran particularly emphasizes its ability to fight stealth fighters. In fact, we may wish to analyze that Iran's air defense system is still dominated by Soviet-style, the main S-300 number of 4 battalions, less, more are miscellaneous, such as S-200 air defense system, 2K12 air defense system, Sayyad-1 air defense Missile, Sayyad-2/3 air defense missile, Bavar-373 air defense system shaped like S-300. The Khordad 15 uses the Sayyad-3 air defense missile. The missile is mission-built using US standard missile technology, but its shape is very similar to the Russian 9K37 Sam-11 air defense missile. Overall, Iran's air defense network basically covers various heights and ranges within 150 kilometers, and has certain interception capabilities. As for the interception effect of the Sayyad-3 anti-aircraft missile for stealth fighters, this may have an expanding component, because stealing fighters are world-class problems, and China, the United States, and Russia are all studying, and there is no good way. There is no doubt about tracking stealth fighters, because tracking is no problem, but it is a technical bottleneck to use fire control radar to illuminate and lock.

You can think of who has overcome this technology first, and all stealth fighters can be retired. Therefore, the advantage of Iranian air defense firepower lies in the integration of open space, the Russian-made S-300, plus the self-developed Khordad 15 air defense system, which can basically form a powerful deterrent to non-stealth fighters, and the US carrier will dare to wait for it. This point S-300 is very confident. The headline is a three-body military exclusive, and there is only one headline number. If it appears on other platforms, it is unauthorized to reprint. Go back to Sohu and see more
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