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Traditional rockets are divided generally into SOLID FUEL & LIQUID FUEL categories. And Ramjet is non-rocket. But Chinese combined them all together to enjoy all their best properties and advantages.
https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2019-03-12/doc-ihsxncvh1796079.shtml
中国研发新型膏体冲压发动机 或已装备霹雳12导弹
中国研发新型膏体冲压发动机 或已装备霹雳12导弹
64
冲压吸气式发动机在我国的航空航天超音速和高超音速飞行器领域已得到了广泛应用。按照推进剂状态的不同，冲压发动机可分为下列两种：固体燃料冲压发动机和液体燃料冲压发动机。这两种发动机各有其优缺点。采用固体冲压发动机的优点是固体燃料密度高，使用维护简便，可长期储存待用；其缺点是比冲低，燃料的燃烧和燃气流量很难进行调节，射程也相对较近。我国鹰击91反辐射导弹就使用了整体式固体冲压发动机，最大射程为110千米。液体燃料冲压发动机则正好相反，比冲高，燃料流量调节简便，射程明显优于固体冲压发动机；其缺点是液体燃料贮存时间有限，安全性较差，易泄漏等。如航空煤油液体燃料其储存有效期一般只有6个月到1年。
我国的鹰击12超音速反舰导弹采用了整体式液体冲压发动机，使用航空煤油做为推进剂时其最大射程达300千米以上。能否将两者优点融合为一体，同时又避免其缺点呢？，科学家们进行了不懈的研究。他们受果冻、明胶、油膏等半固体启发，研发出了凝胶/膏体燃料冲压发动机。但这种胶体或膏状燃料还是有一定的不足：很难像燃油一样进行随意流动，必须加压才能使用。也很难进行雾化，如何用喷嘴将其喷入到燃烧室内进行充分燃烧也是一个难题。其储存寿命较短，在大气高温环境下极易挥发。在据非官方消息称，我国霹雳-12（闪电-10）中距雷达制导空空导弹的最新改型就使用了膏体冲压发动机。但到目前为止，国内外还没有膏体冲压发动机正式服役的公开报道。
军事观察家根据国内外公开资料推测，我国在研发膏体冲压发动机的同时，又正在研发一种新概念冲压发动机：固液相变冲压发动机。该型发动机采用了一种具有相变特性的新型燃料，该燃料具有以下优点：在贮存时为固态，可长时间保存在冲压发动机里，不存在燃料泄漏和爆炸风险，无挥发、无腐蚀，安全性极好；在工作时燃料则变为液态，能方便的精确调节燃料流量，比冲更高，射程更远。与航空煤油相比，其密度更高，单位体积内推进能量更大。这种相变燃料最典型的代表就是人们常见的固体石蜡，是生日蜡烛的主要成分。在点燃蜡烛以后，人们可发现在靠近烛芯的固体石蜡会因加热而变成液体，并且温度越高，流动性越高，粘度越小，这就是所谓的相变现象。大自然中的相变现象极其普通，如水变成冰，钢筋铁骨高温加热变成了钢水铁水等。
据公开资料披露，固态石蜡本身就是一种十分理想的高能燃料，相变完成后的液体石蜡燃料特性与高密度液体燃料JP10（密度是航空煤油的1.25倍）相当。并能够很好的进行流动和雾化，从而达到较高的燃烧效率，经过特殊工艺处理的石蜡烯烃燃料能量密度更高。 如何快速的进行相关相变转化是这种新概念冲压发动机的最关键问题，我国科学家采用大功率微波快速加热方案，较好的解决了这一难题。目前已研制出可在地面使用的微波快速加热设施和轻型高效保温隔热装置，适合机载固液相变冲压发动机使用的的小型微波加热装置也正在积极研究中。经过地面试验证明：固液相变冲压发动机其原理可行，所采用的相变燃料性能良好、安全性高、耐低温、成本低且容易获得 ，具有广泛的应用前景。（作者署名：高科技前沿观察）
China develops new paste ramjet engine or has equipped 霹雳12 missile
China develops new paste ramjet engine or has equipped 霹雳12 missile
64
The ramjet engine has been widely used in the field of aerospace supersonic and hypersonic vehicles in China. According to the state of propellant, ramjet engines can be divided into the following two types: solid fuel ramjets and liquid fuel ramjets. Both engines have their own advantages and disadvantages. The advantage of using solid ramjet engine is that the solid fuel has high density, easy to use and maintain, and can be stored for long-term use. The disadvantage is that the specific combustion is low, the fuel combustion and gas flow are difficult to adjust, and the range is relatively close. China's Eagle 91 anti-radiation missile uses an integrated solid-state ramjet with a maximum range of 110 kilometers. The liquid fuel ramjet engine is just the opposite. It has a higher specific pressure, simple fuel flow adjustment and a significantly better range than a solid ramjet engine. Its disadvantages are limited storage time of liquid fuel, poor safety and easy leakage. For example, aviation kerosene liquid fuel is generally only valid for 6 months to 1 year.
China's Eagle 12 supersonic anti-ship missile uses an integrated liquid ramjet engine with a maximum range of more than 300 kilometers when using aviation kerosene as a propellant. Can you combine the best of both worlds while avoiding their shortcomings? The scientists have made unremitting research. Inspired by semi-solids such as jelly, gelatin, and ointment, they developed a gel/paste fuel ramjet. However, this kind of colloidal or paste fuel still has certain deficiencies: it is difficult to flow freely like fuel, and it must be pressurized before it can be used. It is also difficult to atomize, and how to spray it into the combustion chamber with a nozzle for full combustion is also a problem. It has a short shelf life and is highly volatile in high temperature environments. According to unofficial sources, the latest modification of China's J-12 (Lightning-10) mid-range radar-guided air-to-air missiles uses a paste ramjet engine. But so far, there is no public report on the official service of the paste ramjet engine at home and abroad.
According to public information at home and abroad, military observers speculate that while developing a paste ramjet engine, China is developing a new concept ramjet engine: solid-liquid phase ramjet engine. This type of engine uses a new type of fuel with phase change characteristics. The fuel has the following advantages: it is solid when stored, can be stored in the ramjet engine for a long time, there is no risk of fuel leakage and explosion, no volatilization, no corrosion, The safety is excellent; the fuel becomes liquid when it is working, and the fuel flow can be conveniently adjusted precisely, with higher specific pressure and longer range. Compared with aviation kerosene, its density is higher and the propulsion energy per unit volume is greater. The most typical representative of this phase change fuel is the common paraffin wax, which is the main component of birthday candles. After igniting the candle, one can find that the paraffin wax near the wick becomes liquid due to heating, and the higher the temperature, the higher the fluidity and the lower the viscosity, which is the so-called phase change phenomenon. The phase transition phenomenon in nature is extremely common. For example, water becomes ice, and high-temperature heating of reinforced iron bone becomes molten steel and molten iron.
According to public information, solid paraffin itself is a highly desirable high-energy fuel. The liquid paraffin fuel characteristics after phase change are comparable to those of high-density liquid fuel JP10 (density is 1.25 times that of aviation kerosene). It can be well flowed and atomized to achieve higher combustion efficiency, and the paraffin olefin fuel treated by special process has higher energy density. How to quickly carry out relevant phase change conversion is the most critical problem of this new concept ramjet engine. Chinese scientists have adopted a high-power microwave rapid heating scheme to solve this problem better. At present, microwave rapid heating facilities and light efficient heat insulation devices that can be used on the ground have been developed, and small microwave heating devices suitable for airborne solid-liquid phase change ramjet engines are also being actively studied. The ground test proves that the principle of solid-liquid phase change ramjet is feasible, and the phase change fuel used has good performance, high safety, low temperature resistance, low cost and easy availability, and has wide application prospects. (Author's signature: high-tech frontier observation)
https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2019-03-12/doc-ihsxncvh1796079.shtml
中国研发新型膏体冲压发动机 或已装备霹雳12导弹
中国研发新型膏体冲压发动机 或已装备霹雳12导弹
64
冲压吸气式发动机在我国的航空航天超音速和高超音速飞行器领域已得到了广泛应用。按照推进剂状态的不同，冲压发动机可分为下列两种：固体燃料冲压发动机和液体燃料冲压发动机。这两种发动机各有其优缺点。采用固体冲压发动机的优点是固体燃料密度高，使用维护简便，可长期储存待用；其缺点是比冲低，燃料的燃烧和燃气流量很难进行调节，射程也相对较近。我国鹰击91反辐射导弹就使用了整体式固体冲压发动机，最大射程为110千米。液体燃料冲压发动机则正好相反，比冲高，燃料流量调节简便，射程明显优于固体冲压发动机；其缺点是液体燃料贮存时间有限，安全性较差，易泄漏等。如航空煤油液体燃料其储存有效期一般只有6个月到1年。
我国的鹰击12超音速反舰导弹采用了整体式液体冲压发动机，使用航空煤油做为推进剂时其最大射程达300千米以上。能否将两者优点融合为一体，同时又避免其缺点呢？，科学家们进行了不懈的研究。他们受果冻、明胶、油膏等半固体启发，研发出了凝胶/膏体燃料冲压发动机。但这种胶体或膏状燃料还是有一定的不足：很难像燃油一样进行随意流动，必须加压才能使用。也很难进行雾化，如何用喷嘴将其喷入到燃烧室内进行充分燃烧也是一个难题。其储存寿命较短，在大气高温环境下极易挥发。在据非官方消息称，我国霹雳-12（闪电-10）中距雷达制导空空导弹的最新改型就使用了膏体冲压发动机。但到目前为止，国内外还没有膏体冲压发动机正式服役的公开报道。
军事观察家根据国内外公开资料推测，我国在研发膏体冲压发动机的同时，又正在研发一种新概念冲压发动机：固液相变冲压发动机。该型发动机采用了一种具有相变特性的新型燃料，该燃料具有以下优点：在贮存时为固态，可长时间保存在冲压发动机里，不存在燃料泄漏和爆炸风险，无挥发、无腐蚀，安全性极好；在工作时燃料则变为液态，能方便的精确调节燃料流量，比冲更高，射程更远。与航空煤油相比，其密度更高，单位体积内推进能量更大。这种相变燃料最典型的代表就是人们常见的固体石蜡，是生日蜡烛的主要成分。在点燃蜡烛以后，人们可发现在靠近烛芯的固体石蜡会因加热而变成液体，并且温度越高，流动性越高，粘度越小，这就是所谓的相变现象。大自然中的相变现象极其普通，如水变成冰，钢筋铁骨高温加热变成了钢水铁水等。
据公开资料披露，固态石蜡本身就是一种十分理想的高能燃料，相变完成后的液体石蜡燃料特性与高密度液体燃料JP10（密度是航空煤油的1.25倍）相当。并能够很好的进行流动和雾化，从而达到较高的燃烧效率，经过特殊工艺处理的石蜡烯烃燃料能量密度更高。 如何快速的进行相关相变转化是这种新概念冲压发动机的最关键问题，我国科学家采用大功率微波快速加热方案，较好的解决了这一难题。目前已研制出可在地面使用的微波快速加热设施和轻型高效保温隔热装置，适合机载固液相变冲压发动机使用的的小型微波加热装置也正在积极研究中。经过地面试验证明：固液相变冲压发动机其原理可行，所采用的相变燃料性能良好、安全性高、耐低温、成本低且容易获得 ，具有广泛的应用前景。（作者署名：高科技前沿观察）
China develops new paste ramjet engine or has equipped 霹雳12 missile
China develops new paste ramjet engine or has equipped 霹雳12 missile
64
The ramjet engine has been widely used in the field of aerospace supersonic and hypersonic vehicles in China. According to the state of propellant, ramjet engines can be divided into the following two types: solid fuel ramjets and liquid fuel ramjets. Both engines have their own advantages and disadvantages. The advantage of using solid ramjet engine is that the solid fuel has high density, easy to use and maintain, and can be stored for long-term use. The disadvantage is that the specific combustion is low, the fuel combustion and gas flow are difficult to adjust, and the range is relatively close. China's Eagle 91 anti-radiation missile uses an integrated solid-state ramjet with a maximum range of 110 kilometers. The liquid fuel ramjet engine is just the opposite. It has a higher specific pressure, simple fuel flow adjustment and a significantly better range than a solid ramjet engine. Its disadvantages are limited storage time of liquid fuel, poor safety and easy leakage. For example, aviation kerosene liquid fuel is generally only valid for 6 months to 1 year.
China's Eagle 12 supersonic anti-ship missile uses an integrated liquid ramjet engine with a maximum range of more than 300 kilometers when using aviation kerosene as a propellant. Can you combine the best of both worlds while avoiding their shortcomings? The scientists have made unremitting research. Inspired by semi-solids such as jelly, gelatin, and ointment, they developed a gel/paste fuel ramjet. However, this kind of colloidal or paste fuel still has certain deficiencies: it is difficult to flow freely like fuel, and it must be pressurized before it can be used. It is also difficult to atomize, and how to spray it into the combustion chamber with a nozzle for full combustion is also a problem. It has a short shelf life and is highly volatile in high temperature environments. According to unofficial sources, the latest modification of China's J-12 (Lightning-10) mid-range radar-guided air-to-air missiles uses a paste ramjet engine. But so far, there is no public report on the official service of the paste ramjet engine at home and abroad.
According to public information at home and abroad, military observers speculate that while developing a paste ramjet engine, China is developing a new concept ramjet engine: solid-liquid phase ramjet engine. This type of engine uses a new type of fuel with phase change characteristics. The fuel has the following advantages: it is solid when stored, can be stored in the ramjet engine for a long time, there is no risk of fuel leakage and explosion, no volatilization, no corrosion, The safety is excellent; the fuel becomes liquid when it is working, and the fuel flow can be conveniently adjusted precisely, with higher specific pressure and longer range. Compared with aviation kerosene, its density is higher and the propulsion energy per unit volume is greater. The most typical representative of this phase change fuel is the common paraffin wax, which is the main component of birthday candles. After igniting the candle, one can find that the paraffin wax near the wick becomes liquid due to heating, and the higher the temperature, the higher the fluidity and the lower the viscosity, which is the so-called phase change phenomenon. The phase transition phenomenon in nature is extremely common. For example, water becomes ice, and high-temperature heating of reinforced iron bone becomes molten steel and molten iron.
According to public information, solid paraffin itself is a highly desirable high-energy fuel. The liquid paraffin fuel characteristics after phase change are comparable to those of high-density liquid fuel JP10 (density is 1.25 times that of aviation kerosene). It can be well flowed and atomized to achieve higher combustion efficiency, and the paraffin olefin fuel treated by special process has higher energy density. How to quickly carry out relevant phase change conversion is the most critical problem of this new concept ramjet engine. Chinese scientists have adopted a high-power microwave rapid heating scheme to solve this problem better. At present, microwave rapid heating facilities and light efficient heat insulation devices that can be used on the ground have been developed, and small microwave heating devices suitable for airborne solid-liquid phase change ramjet engines are also being actively studied. The ground test proves that the principle of solid-liquid phase change ramjet is feasible, and the phase change fuel used has good performance, high safety, low temperature resistance, low cost and easy availability, and has wide application prospects. (Author's signature: high-tech frontier observation)
