What is Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia Culture

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When we talk about Malaysia Culture, it will related to British Malayan issues.

Govern by British, Southern Thailand Malay Siam (Tengganu, Kelantan, Kedah, Perlis) and Malacca Malay ( Riau, Johore, Perak, Pahang, Malacca, N. Sembilan, Selangor).

What we talk about Singapore Culture, it will related to British Stairs Malayan issues.

Govern by British, Penang, Malacca and Singapore; Baba and Mamak and also Malay Johore (Riau, Singapore, Johore and Malacca)

What we talk about Indonesia culture, it will related to Ducth Javanese issues.

Govern by Ducth and control by Javanese.

I do not know why Indonesia like to bully Malaysia and Malaysia like to bully Singapore on culture issues.

Malay Siam and Malay Malacca Culture is belong to Malaysia

Malay Johore, Baba and Mamak culture is belong to Singapore

Javanese Culture is belong to Indonesia.

 

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Peranakan and Baba-Nyonya (traditional Chinese: 峇峇娘惹; Hokkien: Bā-bā Niû-liá) are terms used for the descendants of late 15th and 16th century Chinese immigrants to the Nusantara region during the Colonial era. It applies especially to the ethnic Chinese populations of the British Straits Settlements of Malaya and the Dutch-controlled island of Java and other locations, who have adopted partially or in full Nusantara customs to be somewhat assimilated into the local communities.

While the term Peranakan is most commonly used among the ethnic Chinese for those of Chinese descent also known as Straits Chinese (土生華人; named after the Straits Settlements), there are also other, comparatively small so-called Peranakan communities, such as Indian Hindu Peranakans (Chitty), Indian Muslim Peranakans (Jawi Pekan) (Jawi being the Javanised Arabic script[1]., Pekan a colloquial contraction of Peranakan[2].) and Eurasian Peranakans (Kristang[3].) (Kirstang= Christians).[4] [5]

 

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The Chitty are a distinctive group of Tamil people found mainly in Malacca and Singapore , who are also known as the Indian Peranakans. As of today, their population stands at 2,000.

Like the Peranakans, the Chitty speak a Malay patois, which is mixed with many Tamil loan words. Many of the Chitty are unable to communicate in Tamil fluently.

Historical records stated that the Tamil traders from Panai in Tamil Nadu settled down in Malacca during the sovereignty of the Sultanate of Malacca. Like the Peranakans, they later settled down and freely intermingled with the local Malays and Chinese settlers. However, with the fall of the Malacca Sultanate after 1511, the Chitty eventually lost touch with their native land.

Under the administration of the Portuguese, Dutch and British colonizers, the Chitty eventually began simplifying their culture and customs by adopting local customs. This can be evidenced in the architecture of the Sri Poyatha Moorthi Temple, which was built by Thavinayagar Chitty, the leader of the Chitty people, in 1781 after the Dutch colonial government gave him a plot of land.

The traditional Chitty settlement is located at Kampung Tujuh along Jalan Gajah Barang, which is also inhabited by a small number of Chinese and Malays as well. Many of the Chitty have since found jobs in Singapore and other parts of Malaysia.

The ethnic identity of the Chitty is nearly lost. As many of them are assimilating into the mainstream Indian, Chinese, and Malay ethnic communities culturally, this small but distinct group of people that has survived for centuries is now on the brink of extinction.

The Chitty are a mixed people. Although they ethnically consider themselves to be Tamil, who have a Dravidian appearance and dark complexion, the Chitty appear to have varying degrees of Southeast Asian and Dravidian looks.

This resulted from the fact that the first Tamil settlers took in local wives, since they did not bring along any of their own women with them. Over time, the Chitty gathered physical features that were less Dravidian, and more Malay-looking.

The Chitty community are Hindu, worshipping in their three temples. Gods such as Ganesh and Shiva are worshipped in full gaiety. Hints of Taoist and Islamic influences are also evident in their religious rituals

Culturally, the Chitty have largely assimilated into the Malay culture with some Chinese, Dutch and Portuguese influences, although certain elements of Indian culture do remain. This is especially true in the case of marriages, where offerings of fruits and burning of incense are used. In the case of food, Malay spices, ingredients and the way of cooking have largely supplanted the Indian style.

Chinese cultural influence is also evident, especially in the case of ancestral worship. Religious objects used for conducting rituals were also used by the Chinese. The Chitty are also influenced by the Chinese to some extent in their ceramics works of art.

Simplification of Tamil architecture among the Chitty is also present. Distinct from the Tamil, who have a complex Dravidian Temple Architecture in the Pallava style, that displays beautifully carved out sculptures of the Hindu gods in many rows, the Chitty temple tend to only have one row of these, or a picture of one single god in each of the three rows, as evidenced in the Sri Poyatha Moorthi Temple, built by Thaivanayagam Chitty in 1781.

 

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The community of Eurasians in Singapore is descended from Europeans who intermarried with local Asians. The ethnicities within the community span the length and breadth of Europe, although Eurasian migrants to Singapore in the 19th century came largely from colonies already in Asia, such as British Malaya; Chittagong and Goa in India; the Dutch East Indies and French Indochina.

Currently, the community boasts family names which come from the Armenian (the Galistan, the Dragon and the Avakian families), British (the Caine, the Hogan, the Reeves, the Fenley, the Hale, the Shirlaw and the Smith families), Danish (the Lange, the Olsen, the Rasmussen and the Jensen families), Dutch (the Marbeck, the Van Cuylenberg, the De Bakker, the Westenra, the Ten Haken, the Feenstra, the Gronloh and the Vanderstraaten families), French (the Longue, the Poulier and the Cherbonnier families), German (the Oehler, the Keller, the Kaiser and the Roelcke families), Italian (the Marini, the De Luca, the Esposito, the Angelucci and the Scarpa families), Portuguese (the Carvalho, the Conceicao, the De Almeida, the De Silva, the De Souza, the Lazaroo, the Monteiro, the Oliveiro, the Pereira, the Pestana, the Rodrigues and the Theseira families), Spanish (the Castellano, the Fernandez, the Lopez, the Zuniga and the Hernandez families) and Swedish (the Holmberg, the Johansson and the Lindblom families) nations.

The first Europeans to land in Asia were the Portuguese, followed by the Spanish. The Portuguese explorers also ferried the first Jesuit priests to Asia. Their descendants, who are of mixed Portuguese and Chinese/Indian/Malay descent, are collectively known as the Gente Kristang.

This group is characterised by having its own distinctive dialect of Portuguese, the Kristang language, although it is now only spoken by a few, older members of the community.

A number of Macanese people of Chinese and Portuguese ancestry from Macau are also living in the island.

In 1602, a Dutch trading company called the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC (literally "United East Indies Company" but better known in English as the Dutch East India Company) was created to conduct trade in the area east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan. In establishing their numerous trade stations spanning across Asia, the Dutch created independent settler societies in each of their colonies, where Batavia (now Jakarta, Indonesia) became the administrative centre and rendezvous point for the company's Asian shipping traffic.

Between 1602 and 1795, the VOC fitted out some 4,700 ships which carried almost a million Europeans to the Far East. Almost 70 percent of the one million of the passengers never actually returned to Europe, making Asia their new home.[citation needed] These early seafarers were not only made up of Dutch, but also included British, Germans, French Huguenots, Italians, Scandinavians and other Europeans who were employed by the VOC. In time, many were assimilated into Dutch colonies situated throughout Asia (though primarily in modern Indonesia) where they were stationed and became part of the respective communities.

Intermarriages between VOC employees and locals were encouraged, which lead to the creation of communities of Dutch descendants. Today, there are only four surviving coherent and large communities who are descended from those early intermarriages. They are the Coloureds from South Africa, Dutch Burghers from Ceylon (modern Sri Lanka), Dutch Indos from Indonesia, Anglo-Burmese and Dutch Eurasians from Malacca, Malaysia.

Dutch descendants in Malaysia and Singapore are primarily made up of Dutch Eurasians originating from Malacca, Ceylon Dutch Burghers originating from Sri Lanka, as well as early Dutch settlers originating from Indonesia and India.

The British were the most important Europeans in Singapore, as they were the colonizers and settlers in the island. A great number of British settlers remained in the island 2 years after it became a British political territory in 1867. Different British nationalities (English, Scots, Welsh, and Irish) are living here. Some Anglo-Burmese even settled the island. Although most settlers got out of Singapore in 1963, they are leading in the Singaporean economy, along with Chinese.

 

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When the Portuguese captured Malacca in 1511, the last Malaccan sultan, Mahmud Shah, fled to Johore, where he established the new Johore Sultanate. Singapura became part of this sultanate. In 1613, however, the Portuguese reported burning down a trading outpost at the mouth of the Temasek (Singapore) River, and Singapura passed into history.

The territory controlled by the Johore Riau Lingga Pahang Sultanate in the late eighteenth century still included Singapore as part of its territory. The sultanate had become increasingly weakened by a division into a Malay faction, which controlled the peninsula and Singapore, and a Bugis faction which controlled the Riau Archipelago and Sumatra. When Sultan Mahmud Riayat Shah III died in 1812, the Bugis had proclaimed the younger of his two sons, Abdul Rahman, as sultan instead of the elder son, Tengku Long. While the sultan was the nominal ruler of his domain, senior officials actually governed the sultanate. In control of Singapore and the neighboring islands was Temenggong Abdul Rahman, Tengku Long’s father-in-law. In 1818, he and some of his followers left Riau for Singapore shortly after the Dutch signed a treaty with the Sultan Abdul Rahman, allowing the Dutch to station a garrison at Riau.

In 1819, Tengku Long signed a treaty with the British led by Sir Stamford Raffles. In exchange for British protection and recognising him as Sultan of Johore, Tengku Long agreed to allow the British to establish a trading post in Singapore. Proclaimed as Sultan Hussein Shah, he became the Sultan of Johore.

In 1835, Sultan Hussein Shah died and was succeeded by his eldest son, Tengku Ali. Sultan Hussein had signed away his rights over the island in exchange for the land at Kampong Gelam plus an annual stipend for his family. After the Sultan's death, disputes broke out among his descendants. In the late 1890s, they went to court, where it was decided that no one in the family had the rights as the successor to the sultanate and the land at Kampong Gelam should be reverted to the state [Tengku Mahmud vs. Tengku Ali, Straits Settlements Laws Report 1897 (Vol. 5)]. This ended the reign of the Malay kings in Singapore.

 

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Pulau Jemur is an island of Indonesia which is located in the Strait of Malacca, about 45 miles from capital of Rokan Hilir regency, Bagansiapiapi, and about 45 miles from Malaysia. Actually, Pulau Jemur is named for several of small island, the isles are Pulau Tekong Emas, Pulau Tekong Simbang, Pulau Labuhan Bilik and some others small isles.

Pulau Jemur has a good natural sea view and beautiful panorama, and serves as home for sea turtles. It has a strategic location on the Strait of Malacca; during the Second World War, the Japanese built a defence on this island.

Many places can be found there, such as Japanese Cave, Light House tower, and others.

Pulau Jemur has a natural golden beach sand. Local government are trying to develop it as a resort area.

Jemur islands are uninhabited and only a stopover place for fishermen who are to sea. A post of was established in this island for the purposes of observation and navigation.

How to get there There is not regular transportation to this island. However, we can rent a speedboat from bagansiapiapi (takes about 1.5 - 2 hours) or panipahan (takes about 1 hour).

accommodation currently, there is no accommodation in this island. but on the island there is a navy pos, and on the other island there is a fisheries department pos. Local government is looking investor to built a resort there.

==Controversy==rt of tourist destination in Selangor state as reported in [1]

 

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Jakarta - Indonesia's often-prickly relations with neighbouring Malaysia are being tested by a fresh dispute over traditional cultural heritage.

A Malaysian tourism commercial aired on Discovery Channel has sparked an uproar in Indonesia because it featured a traditional Balinese dance called Pendet.

Indonesians vented their anger over the perceived cultural piracy on internet forums and social networking sites such as Twitter and Facebook, many calling Malaysia a 'nation of thieves.' A firebrand legislator urged the government to declare war on the neighbouring country.

Despite sharing ethnic, cultural and religious identities, Indonesia and Malaysia - both predominantly Muslim - have been embroiled in occasional disputes over matters such the treatment of migrant workers, territorial disputes and, more recently, cultural icons.

About 2 million Indonesians work in Malaysia, mainly as plantation labourers and domestic maids, and anger has been on the rise over reports of abuse of migrants by their Malaysian employers.

In June, Jakarta stopped sending maids to Malaysia temporarily until the two countries agreed on new measures to provide better protection to the workers.

The latest controversy is not the first time that Indonesians have been up in arms over the perceived theft of their cultural icons. A similar spat erupted two years ago over the use of the Indonesian folk song Rasa Sayang in another Malaysian tourism advertisement.

Malaysia has apologized for the use of the Balinese Pendet dance, claiming that the mistake was made by a production house paid by Malaysia's Tourism Ministry to produce the commercial, which has since been withdrawn.

But the apology and explanation failed to mollify Indonesians.

Local media reported that Indonesian hackers defaced several Malaysian websites on Monday in a coordinated attack timed to coincide with Malaysia's independence day. Dozens of students picketed the Malaysian embassy in Jakarta on Tuesday, pelting it with rotten eggs.

Ong Hock Chuan, a Jakarta-based Malaysian public relations consultant, said there was more to the dispute than the issue of cultural heritage.

'Indonesians are frustrated with their government for doing so little to capitalize on their culture, which is varied and rich beyond description, and hence letting great opportunities slip away from their hands,' he wrote in his blog.

'What is needed here is for Indonesians and Malaysians to get together to have a reasonable conversation about what can be done about the Malaysian tendency to use what they feel is theirs by right of ancestry, against the Indonesian tendency to carp about their neighbor stealing what they think is theirs,' he said.

Indonesia, despite being the world's largest archipelago nation with stunning beaches, volcanoes and coral reefs, has been struggling to capitalize on its enormous tourism potential.

In 2008, Indonesia attracted 6 million foreign tourists, while Malaysia drew 22 million visitors.

The Indonesian government said protests and verbal attacks on Malaysia had become irritants, but insisted relations between the two countries remained strong.

'We are neighbours and problems are to be expected from time to time. We hope this is just a temporary outburst and will not escalate further,' Foreign Ministry spokesman Faizasyah said.

'We understand Malaysia is uncomfortable with the disproportionate expressions of anger so there's a need to manage the situation well,' he said.

Wimar Witoelar, a television talk show host and political commentator, said the uproar against Malaysia exposed the feeling of inferiority among Indonesians.

'There is no need to belabour the current issues of cultural piracy because culture by definition must be accessible and imitation is often the best compliment,' Witoelar wrote in Tuesday's edition of The Jakarta Post daily newspaper.

'People enjoy an enthralling production of the ballet Giselle or the Ramayana dance without disturbance from French or Indian nationalists who claim cultural piracy.'

'In Indonesia, the experience of our national history is different. Traumatized by different occupying powers and abused by our own leaders, we have yet to regain our confidence as a people,' he said.

 

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Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and Philippines are one of the beautiful places to travel is Asia.