There are currently six FDA-approved immunotherapy options for stomach cancer.

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Stomach Cancer Treatment Options​

Treatment of stomach cancer depends on where the disease initiated and the extent of its spread throughout the body. If diagnosed early, surgery is the first-line treatment for stomach cancer, sometimes in combination with chemotherapy and/or radiation treatment. For advanced stomach cancer, treatment aims to stabilize disease progression and improve patients’ prognosis.

Immunotherapy is class of treatments that take advantage of a person’s own immune system to help kill cancer cells. There are currently six FDA-approved immunotherapy options for stomach cancer.

https://www.cancerresearch.org/cancer-types/stomach-cancer

 

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Targeted Antibodies​

• Ramucirumab (Cyramza®): a monoclonal antibody that targets the VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway and inhibits tumor blood vessel growth; approved for subsets of patients with advanced stomach or gastroesophageal cancer
• Trastuzumab (Herceptin®): a monoclonal antibody that targets the HER2 pathway; approved for subsets of patients with advanced, HER2-positive gastroesophageal cancer
• Trastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu®): an antibody-drug conjugate that targets the HER2 pathway; approved for subsets of patients with advanced stomach or gastroesophageal cancer

 

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Immunomodulators​

• Dostarlimab (Jemperli): a checkpoint inhibitor that targets the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway; approved for subsets of patients with advanced stomach or gastroesophageal cancer that has DNA mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR)
• Nivolumab (Opdivo®): a checkpoint inhibitor that targets the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway; approved for subsets of patients with advanced stomach or gastroesophageal cancer
• Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®): a checkpoint inhibitor that targets the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway; approved for subsets of patients with advanced stomach or gastroesophageal cancer

 

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Several other immunotherapies—including checkpoint inhibitors, CAR T cell treatments, and multiple antibody approaches—are also being investigated in clinical trials and could soon provide stomach cancer patients with even more approved immunotherapy options.

 

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CRI’s Impact in Stomach Cancer​

• CRI researchers, including Lloyd J. Old, MD, and Sacha Gnjatic, PhD, analyzed cancer-testis (CT) antigen expression in gastric cancer and found that two CT antigens, NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-3, were expressed in 11.9% and 41.65%, respectively, in these cancers. Additionally, an immune response to NY-ESO-1 was detected in 6 out of 12 gastric cancer patients, indicating that it could potentially be a useful target for therapeutic vaccines.
• The CRI-SU2C Cancer Immunology Dream Team at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, led by Michel Sadelain, MD, PhD, is taking a new approach to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in the lungs, and if proven to be successful, this approach can be extended to other mesothelin-expressing cancers, such as gastric cancer.
• Vladimir Vigdorovich, PhD, a CRI postdoctoral fellow at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and colleagues developed a system to screen monoclonal antibodies directed at B7x (an immune checkpoint molecule) and found one that inhibited the growth of B7x-expressing tumors.

 

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cancer-testis (CT) antigen expression in gastric cancer

Cancer/testis (CT) antigens are a group of proteins united by their importance in development and in cancer immunotherapy. In general, expression of these proteins is restricted to male germ cells in the adult animal. However, in cancer these developmental antigens are often re-expressed and can serve as a locus of immune activation. Thus, they are often classified as tumor antigens. The expression of CT antigens in various malignancies is heterogeneous and often correlates with tumor progression.[1] CT antigens have been described in melanoma, liver cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, and pediatric tumors such as neuroblastoma.

 

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Cancer/testis (CT) antigens are a group of proteins united by their importance in development and in cancer immunotherapy. In general, expression of these proteins is restricted to male germ cells in the adult animal. However, in cancer these developmental antigens are often re-expressed and can serve as a locus of immune activation. Thus, they are often classified as tumor antigens. The expression of CT antigens in various malignancies is heterogeneous and often correlates with tumor progression.[1] CT antigens have been described in melanoma, liver cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, and pediatric tumors such as neuroblastoma.

Gametogenesis offers an important role for many of these antigens in the differentiation, migration, and cell division of primordial germ cells, spermatogoniaspermatocytes and spermatids.[2] Because of their tumor-restricted expression and strong in vivo immunogenicity, CT antigens are identified as ideal targets for tumor specific immunotherapeutic approaches and prompted the development of several clinical trials of CT antigens-based vaccine therapy.

 

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mesothelin-expressing cancers, such as gastric cancer.

 

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B7x-expressing tumors

 

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This is the same FDA that approved covid vaccine without proper testing?