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Chitchat The stationary flat Earth

Do you think the Earth is flat and stationary?

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Thick Face Black Heart

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Any video on why the North and South Poles have 6 months of continuous daylight followed by 6 months of continuous darkness. Thanks

We often hear about those exciting places where the sun never sets or where the sun never rises, for months at a time. For example, Norway advertises itself to tourists as the land of mid night Sun where you can see day light for continuous 24 hours. (They of course have a period where the Sun never rises but they don't advertise that!). Then there are places not so extreme but with bizarre day:night length ratios, say 22 hours day and 2 hours night.

For us normal folks who live a normal world, day and night are almost the same length or off by at most three to four hours.

Two things to learn before we get into why some places have day light for 24 hours -

Earth's Axial Tilt - Courtesy:*WikiPedia

1. First is to realize that the Earth is tilted with respect to its orbital plane. In other words, if one draws a line that passes through the North and South poles of our planet (the axis of rotation) it cuts the orbital plane at an angle of 23.439281°. The axial tile diagram should illustrate this.

One can see how the rotational axis is at an angle to the ecliptic plane (ecliptic plane or orbital plane can be thought of as the imaginary plane that passes through the Sun's equator on which all planets orbit)

2. Another thing to note is that Earth revolves and rotates around the Sun at the same time. Revolution is Earth moving around the Sun (which takes an year) and rotation is Earth spinning on its axis (which takes a day)

With this knowledge about the revolution and rotation at a titled axis, it is easy to see why some places have days and nights for months at a time.

Earth's orbit around the Sun and the bright/dark sides as the planet revolves
Image not to scale. Note the red, blue and green dots
Courtesy:*NDAA

The above diagram illustrates clearly what is happening. Lets just talk about the North pole (red dot) for demonstration purposes. As you can see, in December, the Earth is tilted in such a way that even after one complete rotation North pole will remain dark as it is tilted away from the Sun. However after six months in June when Earth revolves and reaches the other side of the Sun, North pole is tilted towards the Sun and thus always receives sunlight.

(This of course doesn't mean North pole has 6 months of daylight and 6 months of darkness. You can imagine other phases as Earth revolves where North pole sees only twilight or has regular day/night phases. In fact North pole remains completely dark only for about 11 weeks)

Poles are an extreme case. Places that are closer to the poles (blue dot) like Alaska, Norway etc. have similar day/night conditions but to a lesser extent while countries closer to the equator (green dot) like India or Brazil and situated such that they enter the bright and dark sides on every rotation.

Bottm line:

The poles experiences 6 months of days and 6 months of nights due to the tilt of the earth on its own axis. Because of this tilt each pole is tilted towards and away from the earth for about 6 months each. When the north pole is tilted towards the sun,it experiences continuous day light for six months. It is night for the same period in south pole. Conditions reversed when south pole is tilted towards the sun.
 

Thick Face Black Heart

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Any video on why the North and South Poles have 6 months of continuous daylight followed by 6 months of continuous darkness. Thanks

That is because the Earth's axis is tilted relative to an imaginary line perpendicular to Earth's orbital plane. The axis always points (more or less) in the same direction in space. However relative to the Sun the tilt direction varies, as the Earth orbits the Sun. Each pole tilts towards the Sun for half the year then away from the Sun for the other half of the year. This affects the whole planet, but the effect is most extreme at the poles. At the poles, there are about six months of daylight followed by about six months of night.*
*
An important fact that is sometimes not clearly stated is that, at the poles, the Earth's rotation does not cause the Sun to rise or set. This can be seen easily with the help of diagrams (see the final diagrams in the link below). In fact, the Sun's apparent daily motion is (almost exactly) parallel to the horizon all the time. What happens is simply that the height of the Sun in the sky varies during the year, due to the Earth's axial tilt combined with the Earth's motion around the Sun.*
*
Due to refraction by the Earth's atmosphere, the Sun can still be seen for a few days when it's just below the horizon. Also, the Sun moves only very slowly below the horizon as winter approaches, so there is quite a long period of twilight at the poles. It depends on which definition of "twilight" you use, but twilight is usually said to last for about 2 weeks at the poles. The same thing happens as the Sun is ready to rise above the horizon in the springtime. So there is about a month of twilight in total. So the poles are in true darkness for a bit less than 5 months of the year.
*
I am adding a link about the seasons which shows some diagrams that may* make things easier to visualise. The size of the Earth is greatly exaggerated relative to the Sun, for clarity:*http://web.nmsu.edu/~esgerken/le...
There are lots of web pages with diagrams like the ones in my link. Perhaps you can find better diagrams yourself!
 

Thick Face Black Heart

Alfrescian (InfP)
Generous Asset
Any video on why the North and South Poles have 6 months of continuous daylight followed by 6 months of continuous darkness. Thanks

The Earth’s axis is*inclined at an angle of 23 1/2 degrees. So when there is summer in the South Pole, the earth is aligned in such a way that the lower part of the equator is*facing towards the sun. This state exists for six months as a result the south pole experiences six months of uninterrupted sunlight, while the North pole which is*facing away from the sunexperiences six months without sunlight.

The opposite phenomenon occurs during winter in the South Pole and likewise summer in the North Pole.

Hope I’ve answered your question. If you have any doubt, you can ask in the comments section.
 

Thick Face Black Heart

Alfrescian (InfP)
Generous Asset
Any video on why the North and South Poles have 6 months of continuous daylight followed by 6 months of continuous darkness. Thanks

It is because earth’s axis is tilted at 23.4 degree with respect to the imaginary vertical line

so, you can see when earth rotates, no matter what part of rotation is completed south pole is never going to face sunlight and north pole is going to face sunlight all the time, and when we look at the rest part of earth say near 0 degree latitude (the while line at center) is going to have variation with rotation of earth, currently if asia is on sun’s side then after 10 hours due to the rotation of earth, america side will come in front of sun, in this way day and night are termed whoever is near to sun has day, who is far away and not able to receive light has night, but north pole will have day and south will have night all the time,*
But, you know what along with rotation, earth also revolves so slowly the earth is moving around the sun, now imagine if this earth which is currently on the left side of sun revolve reach to the right side of sun of course it takes 6 months for that

so exactly the same portion of north pole which was in light 6 months ago is in dark now, and has night. Similarly, the south pole has day now, That’s why it takes 6 months to alter the day and night at north pole and south pole.
Well i hope, i elucidated it properly..

Written Jun 17*·*
 

Seee3

Alfrescian (Inf)
Asset
@TFBH thanks for all the info.

@flatearther, what are the causes of eclipse of the moon and the sun. Based on the model with the rotational path of the moon and sun being parallel to the earth surface, it is impossible to have eclipse of the moon. Instead we will be having frequent occurrences of eclipse of the sun, provided that the path of the moon is lower than the path of the sun. Otherwise, there will also be no eclipse of the sun. However, in reality, there are more occurrences of eclipse of the moon than that of the sun. So what actually happened during those eclipses if the earth is flat?
 

Thick Face Black Heart

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Solar Eclipses

This is a diagram of a typical solar eclipse. During a total solar eclipse, the umbra reaches the Earth. During an annular eclipse, it does not. An eclipse occurs when the Moon passes in the path of the Sun and Earth.
Click on image for full size
Windows to the Universe original image

An eclipse of the*Sun*occurs when the Earth passes through the Moon's shadow. A total eclipse of the Sun takes place only during a new moon, when the Moon is directly between the Sun and the Earth.

When a total eclipse does occur, the Moon's shadow covers only a small portion of the Earth, where the eclipse is visible. As the Moon moves in its orbit, the position of the shadow changes, so total solar eclipses usually only last a minute or two in a given location.

In*ancient times, people were frightened by solar eclipses (even back then people realized that the Sun was essential to life on Earth). Now eclipses are of great interest to the public and to astronomers. Eclipses provide an opportunity to view the Sun's outer atmosphere, the*solar corona.

If you ever get to view a solar eclipse, make sure to never look at the Sun directly! Always use one of these*safe techniques.

Related links:

Recent and Future Solar Eclipses

Video webcast from Africa of the March 29, 2006 total solar eclipse

Last Eclipse of the 20th Century

Solar eclipse images

Here is an image of the eclipse taken by F. Diego of University College, London

Here is a movie of the (partial) eclipse as seen from the Yohkoh spacecraft soft X-ray telescope (218K Mpeg).Movie credit

A movie of the eclipse taken in India by Fred Espenak of NASA Goddard Space Flight center (840K Mpeg).

Last modified April 27, 2006 by*Randy Russell.

This is the mobile version of Windows to the Universe.Click here to switch to full version.About Us*Contact Us*DisclaimersPolicies*Copyright*Donate*AdvertiseCredits*Privacy Policy*Bibliography

The source of this material is*Windows to the Universe, athttp://windows2universe.org/*from the*National Earth Science Teachers Association (NESTA). The Website was developed in part with the support of*UCAR*and*NCAR, where it resided from 2000 - 2010. © 2012 National Earth Science Teachers Association.*Windows to the Universe® is a registered trademark of NESTA. All Rights Reserved. See our*copyright and licenses*page for information about how you can use our materials.Site policies*and*disclaimer.
 

Wangfeng

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Loyal
Bro, great story! :wink:

Topics

Login

Intermediate

English

Solar Eclipses

This is a diagram of a typical solar eclipse. During a total solar eclipse, the umbra reaches the Earth. During an annular eclipse, it does not. An eclipse occurs when the Moon passes in the path of the Sun and Earth.
Click on image for full size
Windows to the Universe original image

An eclipse of the*Sun*occurs when the Earth passes through the Moon's shadow. A total eclipse of the Sun takes place only during a new moon, when the Moon is directly between the Sun and the Earth.

When a total eclipse does occur, the Moon's shadow covers only a small portion of the Earth, where the eclipse is visible. As the Moon moves in its orbit, the position of the shadow changes, so total solar eclipses usually only last a minute or two in a given location.

In*ancient times, people were frightened by solar eclipses (even back then people realized that the Sun was essential to life on Earth). Now eclipses are of great interest to the public and to astronomers. Eclipses provide an opportunity to view the Sun's outer atmosphere, the*solar corona.

If you ever get to view a solar eclipse, make sure to never look at the Sun directly! Always use one of these*safe techniques.

Related links:

Recent and Future Solar Eclipses

Video webcast from Africa of the March 29, 2006 total solar eclipse

Last Eclipse of the 20th Century

Solar eclipse images

Here is an image of the eclipse taken by F. Diego of University College, London

Here is a movie of the (partial) eclipse as seen from the Yohkoh spacecraft soft X-ray telescope (218K Mpeg).Movie credit

A movie of the eclipse taken in India by Fred Espenak of NASA Goddard Space Flight center (840K Mpeg).

Last modified April 27, 2006 by*Randy Russell.

This is the mobile version of Windows to the Universe.Click here to switch to full version.About Us*Contact Us*DisclaimersPolicies*Copyright*Donate*AdvertiseCredits*Privacy Policy*Bibliography

The source of this material is*Windows to the Universe, athttp://windows2universe.org/*from the*National Earth Science Teachers Association (NESTA). The Website was developed in part with the support of*UCAR*and*NCAR, where it resided from 2000 - 2010. © 2012 National Earth Science Teachers Association.*Windows to the Universe® is a registered trademark of NESTA. All Rights Reserved. See our*copyright and licenses*page for information about how you can use our materials.Site policies*and*disclaimer.
 

Thick Face Black Heart

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No Whey, Man. I’ll Pass on the Protein Powder

By*Robert Cheeke*November 7, 2014

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For the past fifteen years, I have been closely involved with the bodybuilding industry. I have an intimate understanding of how the industry operates. In a nutshell, it is sustained by the supplement companies that sponsor the athletes who represent them. This in turn inspires fans who admire the athletes to purchase the products they represent, thus creating a cycle that drives record sales and profits, all the while potentially harming the health of many involved in the industry later on down the line.

Two of my favorite professional bodybuilders, Nasser El Sonbaty and Mike Matarazzo, recently died in their forties, likely from diet-related health issues. In all probability, their deaths were a result of too much protein consumption, coupled with the use of performance enhancing substances day after day until their organs failed. Now they’re gone. This is not a rare occurrence in bodybuilding. Though bodybuilders exercise more than the average person, the rate of bodybuilders suffering from diet-related health problems is often more common than the general American public falling ill to diet-related diseases. Clearly, there is a problem that needs to be addressed.

If there is one thing in the sport of bodybuilding that is as common as weight training, it is the use of supplements. No supplement is more widely consumed than protein powder. The powders of choice among mainstream bodybuilders are whey and casein, which are proteins derived from cow’s milk. In fact, these are the substances of choice for most protein powder consumers worldwide.
Athletes from all walks of life embrace the consumption of excess protein under the assumption that more is better. Many companies (and entire industries) have gone to great lengths to convince the public that they need to seek out high protein foods and consume as much protein as possible, without any consideration of the health consequences that accompany excess consumption. The focus on consuming large amounts of protein is so engrained in our culture, there are often warnings given out by friends and relatives of those following a plant-based diet that protein will be hard to come by without consuming animal products. That is another way protein supplements squeeze their way into the diets of citizens everywhere, through the unwarranted fear that we won’t get enough of this specific nutrient, suggesting whey and casein as plausible aids in this quest.

Years ago, I learned from Dr. T. Colin Campbell’s book, written with his son, Dr. Thomas Campbell,*The China Study, that casein has the ability to turn on and turn off cancer growth simply by adjusting the level of intake of that protein. This was determined through years of clinical trials, experiments, and tests, which yielded these results, and are outlined in detail in Dr. Campbell’s research. His findings show that when casein is consumed in large quantities, cancer cells increase in size, and when there is a cessation in consumption of casein, cancer tumor cells recede.[1]*I later learned that elevated levels of protein can also cause kidney damage, liver problems, kidney stones, excess fat gain, contribute to the damaging of the lining of artery walls, lead to plaque build up in arteries, result in lethargy, diminish bone density, and cause a host of other health problems. If this is truly the case, as it has been revealed by Dr. Campbell and numerous other world renowned experts who came to the same conclusions through experimentation, observation, and scientific research, why are these products consumed at such high levels? With their direct correlations to increased risk of disease, why is casein, which has been linked to illnesses such as prostate cancer, more than any other protein, allowed to be sold in stores? Why are these products even produced? After all, who needs them, besides calves?

If we have special protein powders created from cow’s milk for human consumption, it would only make sense that it must be because our society sees a very high rate of protein deficiency. But, that isn’t the case at all. In fact, a protein deficiency is almost unheard of in America and only exists in someone who does not consume adequate calories. The reason this is so, is because of the macronutrient make-up of food. Food is only made up of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and water (and sometimes alcohol). Some level of protein is present in all foods, and in significant quantities in specific types of foods such as beans and other legumes, nuts, seeds, leafy green vegetables, other vegetables and grains. The amount of protein required by the human body (5-10% of total calories per day) is relatively low in comparison to the other macronutrients. It is therefore impossible to be protein deficient when sufficient calories are consumed. This is how nature works. In reality, most people in developed countries, including those following a plant-based diet, eat too much protein, not the other way around.[2]We clearly don’t have a health or nutritional need for whey or casein protein powders, so why are they here, why are they so popular, so common, and why is their use so infrequently questioned?

Part of the answer lies in the world of bodybuilding and the magazines, books, websites, athletes, and other individuals that feed the industry. The community that I have been part of for so long is a key factor in keeping these antiquated ideas about protein alive. It is therefore my (and others’) mission to effectively dispel these myths by showing a healthier way to support fitness goals without the use of any substances that came from a cow’s udder. As a semi-retired bodybuilder and current health and wellness advocate and multi-sport athlete, I endorse a whole-food, plant-based diet for optimal results, even when bodybuilding. I aim to put the desire for elevated levels of protein to rest by showing how a relatively low protein, whole-food, plant-based diet can support all athletic endeavors effectively and efficiently. I have achieved great results as a plant-based athlete for the past two decades, and have sought to lead by example.

If health is your goal, clearly, your answer to cow-based protein powders should be, “No whey, man.” Let’s put this into perspective. If you had to buy a clearly labeled animal-derived fat powder and carbohydrate powder at the same time of purchase as a whey or casein protein powder, would you proceed with the purchase? Or would it seem so silly to get your required macronutrients from canisters of animal by-products, the cashier at the store would raise an eyebrow and question your sanity? Consider these questions the next time you think about buying powders made from cow secretions for proper nutrition. How about eating something from a garden instead? Not only is it a much healthier choice, but fresh produce is a lot more appetizing, too.

References*Campbell, T.C., Campbell, T.M. (2006). The China Study. Dallas, Texas: BenBella.*Do Vegetarians Get Enough Protein? (2014). Retrieved from*(link).

Robert Cheeke

Robert is the best-selling author of*Vegan Bodybuilding & Fitness - The Complete Guide to Building Your Body on a Plant-Based Diet, and his latest book,*Shred It!, available on*www.veganbodybuilding.com. As A Two-Time Natural Bodybuilding Champion, Robert Is Considered One Of VegNews Magazine's Most Influential Vegan Athletes and is a*Plant-Based Nutrition Certificate*graduate.

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Calorie Secrets

Are There Any Side Effects Of Protein Powders?

by*NAOMI TUPPER*on*APRIL 3, 2013*·*6 COMMENTS

Many people take protein powders in an effort to gain muscle.* However, there is some controversy as to whether this is really effective.* There is evidence suggesting that consuming high level s of protein may in fact have negative side effects for your health.

Does protein powder help to build muscle?

It is certainly true that*protein is required to build muscle, as well as for numerous other important functions in the body.* However, there is a limit to how much muscle growth can actually occur, no matter how much protein you consume.

The first thing to remember is that eating protein alone will not increase muscle.* To build muscle you have to use it.* The slight damage done to the muscle during weight lifting and other resistance activities and then healing is how the muscle grows larger, so if you are simply consuming protein powders in order to gain muscle but still sitting at home on the sofa, this isn’t going to happen.

Muscle growth requires adequate supplies of protein, however, for the majority of people this is easily obtained from*food sources*and there is no need t supplement with powders.

The average American has a diet higher in protein than is in fact recommended anyway, so adding extra with powder is an expensive process that is unlikely to have any real effects.* To encourage maximum protein synthesis and muscle growth, the diet should also be sufficient in complex carbohydrates which can be burnt to fuel muscles leaving the protein free for synthesis of new tissue.* (Also read:*Should you eat protein and carbs together)

What are the side effects?

Consuming high levels of protein in the form of protein powders or even from food alone can be detrimental for our health.

Fat gain

Adding extra protein to the diet in the form of protein powder adds extra calories.* As excess protein cannot be stored in its original form in the body, if you are not burning these calories by doing a sufficient amount of physical activity, or doing enough weight bearing activities to build more muscle, these extra calories are likely to be converted to fat. (See also:*How to burn more fat while exercising)

An increase in protein intake as well as calories without an increase in physical activity levels is likely to result in an equal gain in both fat and muscle, which may not be exactly what you are looking for when you supplement protein powder.

Bone loss

High levels of protein intake generates a large amount of acid in the body due to the excess sulphates and phosphates that are introduced.* The kidneys then try to restore the balance of acid by excreting more acid, at the same time the skeleton releases calcium which is also lost in the urine as a buffer.

This results in the loss of calcium from bones which can increase the risk of osteoporosis if it occurs over a longer time frame, particularly in high risk groups such as women.* There is a possibility however, that a diet which is high in alkaline fruit and vegetables in addition to protein may help to counteract this effect.

Kidney damage

High protein diets can put increased strain on the kidneys due to the need to excess waste products called ketones that are generated with such a diet and the need to excrete these products.* For people with reduced kidney function this stress can worsen the condition and may even contribute to reduced function in people with healthy kidneys if followed for a long period of time.

Dehydration

A high protein intake, particularly if you are not eating enough carbohydrates, can push the body into ketosis, a state in which there is a build-up of toxic ketones in the body.* Your kidneys then go into overdrive trying to eliminate these substances and in the process a lot of water is lost as urine.* This increases the risk of dehydration, particularly if you are also losing a lot of fluid through sweat during exercise.

This dehydration not only puts stress on the kidneys, but can also affect the function of the heart in extreme cases.* Other undesirable side effects could include dizziness, lethargy and bad breath.

How much protein do we need?

Protein should not make up more than 30% of your daily calories, but in fact much less than this, around 15%, will provide most people with enough protein.* The recommended daily allowance for protein is 0.36 grams per pound of body weight.* So if you weigh 190 pounds, you will need about 68 grams of protein per day.* If you consider that an average steak contains about 42 grams of protein, this is not difficult to achieve.

References*used in this article

Copyright © 2016 caloriesecrets.net
 

Wangfeng

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Bro, does protein help in brain development? :p


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Calorie Secrets

Are There Any Side Effects Of Protein Powders?

by*NAOMI TUPPER*on*APRIL 3, 2013*·*6 COMMENTS

Many people take protein powders in an effort to gain muscle.* However, there is some controversy as to whether this is really effective.* There is evidence suggesting that consuming high level s of protein may in fact have negative side effects for your health.

Does protein powder help to build muscle?

It is certainly true that*protein is required to build muscle, as well as for numerous other important functions in the body.* However, there is a limit to how much muscle growth can actually occur, no matter how much protein you consume.

The first thing to remember is that eating protein alone will not increase muscle.* To build muscle you have to use it.* The slight damage done to the muscle during weight lifting and other resistance activities and then healing is how the muscle grows larger, so if you are simply consuming protein powders in order to gain muscle but still sitting at home on the sofa, this isn’t going to happen.

Muscle growth requires adequate supplies of protein, however, for the majority of people this is easily obtained from*food sources*and there is no need t supplement with powders.

The average American has a diet higher in protein than is in fact recommended anyway, so adding extra with powder is an expensive process that is unlikely to have any real effects.* To encourage maximum protein synthesis and muscle growth, the diet should also be sufficient in complex carbohydrates which can be burnt to fuel muscles leaving the protein free for synthesis of new tissue.* (Also read:*Should you eat protein and carbs together)

What are the side effects?

Consuming high levels of protein in the form of protein powders or even from food alone can be detrimental for our health.

Fat gain

Adding extra protein to the diet in the form of protein powder adds extra calories.* As excess protein cannot be stored in its original form in the body, if you are not burning these calories by doing a sufficient amount of physical activity, or doing enough weight bearing activities to build more muscle, these extra calories are likely to be converted to fat. (See also:*How to burn more fat while exercising)

An increase in protein intake as well as calories without an increase in physical activity levels is likely to result in an equal gain in both fat and muscle, which may not be exactly what you are looking for when you supplement protein powder.

Bone loss

High levels of protein intake generates a large amount of acid in the body due to the excess sulphates and phosphates that are introduced.* The kidneys then try to restore the balance of acid by excreting more acid, at the same time the skeleton releases calcium which is also lost in the urine as a buffer.

This results in the loss of calcium from bones which can increase the risk of osteoporosis if it occurs over a longer time frame, particularly in high risk groups such as women.* There is a possibility however, that a diet which is high in alkaline fruit and vegetables in addition to protein may help to counteract this effect.

Kidney damage

High protein diets can put increased strain on the kidneys due to the need to excess waste products called ketones that are generated with such a diet and the need to excrete these products.* For people with reduced kidney function this stress can worsen the condition and may even contribute to reduced function in people with healthy kidneys if followed for a long period of time.

Dehydration

A high protein intake, particularly if you are not eating enough carbohydrates, can push the body into ketosis, a state in which there is a build-up of toxic ketones in the body.* Your kidneys then go into overdrive trying to eliminate these substances and in the process a lot of water is lost as urine.* This increases the risk of dehydration, particularly if you are also losing a lot of fluid through sweat during exercise.

This dehydration not only puts stress on the kidneys, but can also affect the function of the heart in extreme cases.* Other undesirable side effects could include dizziness, lethargy and bad breath.

How much protein do we need?

Protein should not make up more than 30% of your daily calories, but in fact much less than this, around 15%, will provide most people with enough protein.* The recommended daily allowance for protein is 0.36 grams per pound of body weight.* So if you weigh 190 pounds, you will need about 68 grams of protein per day.* If you consider that an average steak contains about 42 grams of protein, this is not difficult to achieve.

References*used in this article

Copyright © 2016 caloriesecrets.net
 
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