below excerpt from https://malayregime.blogspot.com/2011/09/pahlawan.html and also from Wikipedia
Tok Janggut or Haji Mohd Hassan bin Munas (1853 - June 25, 1915) was a famous Malay warrior in Kelantan, Malaysia during British protectorate. He was named Tok Janggut because of his long beard ('janggut' being the Malay word for beard).
Engku Besar Jeram, called upon Tok Janggut, Haji Said, Che Sahak Merbol and Penghulu Adam, to discuss the social issues of Kelantan. They also signed a pact which prohibits any one of them to co-operate with the British. Not surprisingly, their struggle gained the support of Kelantan residents. This worried Encik Latiff. He decided to end the situation before any possible revolt occurs.
On 29 April 1915, Encik Latiff sent Sergeant Sulaiman, better known as Sergeant Che Wan, to arrest Tok Janggut for failing to pay government tax. A fight occurred, in which Tok Janggut managed to stab the sergeant.
Following the event, Tok Janggut assembled his men and marched towards Pasir Puteh. Encik Latiff quickly fled Pasir Puteh. Here Tok Janggut fought a battle against the British and were successful. They remained in Pasir Puteh for three days and declared the independence of Pasir Puteh from British rule. Engku Besar Jeram was selected King of Pasir Puteh and Tok Janggut as Prime Minister.
The British immediately declare Tok Janggut and his followers as traitors. The British also promised a reward of $500 for any one who arrested Tok Janggut, dead or alive.
Because of Tok Janggut's refusal to surrender, the British took action by burning down Tok Janggut's and his followers' houses. During the battle Tok Janggut was killed near Kampung Pupuh. His body was exhibited throughout Kota Bharu and Pasir Puteh and was hung upside down for several days in front of the Kelantan Royal Palace. Afterwards Tok Janggut's body was buried in Pasir Pekan, ending the rebellion against British rule in Kelantan.
Red caption (Top): Malays who collaborated with the British in the killing of Tok Janggut.
Black caption (Bot): Member of the Malay States Guides preparing to conduct operation at Pasir Puteh.
PAHLAWAN
Tok Janggut or Haji Mohd Hassan bin Munas (1853 - June 25, 1915) was a famous Malay warrior in Kelantan, Malaysia during British protectorate. He was named Tok Janggut because of his long beard ('janggut' being the Malay word for beard).
Tok Janggut received his early education in Mecca and was a master of silat. After the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909, Britain took over Kelantan from Siam, and immediately made significant changes in the administration system. This served as the trigger for the rebellion of Tok Janggut.
Factors of the rebellion
There were several causes:- Local court intrigue
- Jihadism - Tok Janggut was influenced by the message of Jihadism promulgated by the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century, which advocated the fight against Western Imperialism.
- New tax system.
- Resentment against non-Kelantanese in general such as Sikhs and Singapore-born Malay district officer of Pasir Puteh, Abdul Latiff and anti-British sentiment.
- Sultan's ambivalent attitube towards the rising, the folk legend of Tok Janggut's disguised pursuit of revenge against the Sultan, and alleged conspiracy among the Kelantanese aristocrats to oust the Sultan.
Rebellion
On 29 April 1915, the administration of Jeram, Pasir Puteh, Kelantan subsequently fell to the British. One of the British officers, Encik Latiff took over the administration of Kelantan from the local leader, Engku Jeram. Encik Latiff, an out-sider whose native state was not Kelantan, was very stern and firm about collecting tax in Kelantan.Engku Besar Jeram, called upon Tok Janggut, Haji Said, Che Sahak Merbol and Penghulu Adam, to discuss the social issues of Kelantan. They also signed a pact which prohibits any one of them to co-operate with the British. Not surprisingly, their struggle gained the support of Kelantan residents. This worried Encik Latiff. He decided to end the situation before any possible revolt occurs.
On 29 April 1915, Encik Latiff sent Sergeant Sulaiman, better known as Sergeant Che Wan, to arrest Tok Janggut for failing to pay government tax. A fight occurred, in which Tok Janggut managed to stab the sergeant.
Following the event, Tok Janggut assembled his men and marched towards Pasir Puteh. Encik Latiff quickly fled Pasir Puteh. Here Tok Janggut fought a battle against the British and were successful. They remained in Pasir Puteh for three days and declared the independence of Pasir Puteh from British rule. Engku Besar Jeram was selected King of Pasir Puteh and Tok Janggut as Prime Minister.
The British immediately declare Tok Janggut and his followers as traitors. The British also promised a reward of $500 for any one who arrested Tok Janggut, dead or alive.
Because of Tok Janggut's refusal to surrender, the British took action by burning down Tok Janggut's and his followers' houses. During the battle Tok Janggut was killed near Kampung Pupuh. His body was exhibited throughout Kota Bharu and Pasir Puteh and was hung upside down for several days in front of the Kelantan Royal Palace. Afterwards Tok Janggut's body was buried in Pasir Pekan, ending the rebellion against British rule in Kelantan.
Red caption (Top): Malays who collaborated with the British in the killing of Tok Janggut.
Black caption (Bot): Member of the Malay States Guides preparing to conduct operation at Pasir Puteh.