Recent cohort studies revealed that increased serum vitamin D levels are linked to a decreased risk of gastric cancer.

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Gastric cancer​

Gastric cancer arises from any part of the stomach. It is the fourth most common cancer worldwide and incurs poor prognosis, as being diagnosed at an advanced stage. The majority of gastric cancers are due to Helicobacter pylori infection, but dietary factors may also play an important contribution. Smoking as well as alcohol consumption significantly increases the risk of gastric cancer.[10] The most common malignancy of the stomach is adenocarcinoma arising from gastric epithelium. Gastric adenocarcinoma is often asymptomatic, but some nonspecific symptoms reported include indigestion, abdominal discomfort, and appetite loss. Later in the disease phase, there is bleeding which leads to anemia.[15]

Vitamin D plays an important role during tumorigenesis. Increased levels of serum Vitamin D reduce the risk of gastric cancer.[16] Paricalcitol (an analog to calcitriol) suppresses the growth of gastric cancer cells by regulating cell cycle, apoptosis, and inflammation without inducing the hypercalcemia effects. Bao et al.[17] found that direct usage of 1,25(OH)2D3 induces cellular apoptosis in gastric cancer cells and also increased the expression of VDR and CYP24A1 further supporting the antitumoral role that Vitamin D may activate in gastric cancer. Vitamin D acts through the hedgehog signaling pathway and decreases cell viability by the inhibition of the expression of numerous hedgehog signaling target genes including patched1 and Gli1 in gastric cancer cells.[10]

Functional VDR elements have been identified in the promoter of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), suggesting that Vitamin D may play a role in the regulation of PTEN expression.

Vitamin D substantially promotes apoptosis in undifferentiated gastric malignant cells, specifically HCG-27.[16]

Vitamin D may prevent gastric cancers from progressing by modulating the extracellular microenvironment, as Vitamin D has been shown to alter the expression of multiple genes in the extracellular matrix remodeling. Vitamin D can inhibit Wnt signaling by interrupting the crosstalk between tumor epithelial cells and its microenvironment. Functional VDR elements have been identified in the promoter of PTEN, suggesting that Vitamin D may play a role in the regulation of PTEN expression. In conclusion, Vitamin D level is a significant independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer patients, and Vitamin D deficiency may be associated with poor prognosis.[16]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5784277/#:~:text=Serum levels of Vitamin D,aids in treating these malignancies.

 

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Paricalcitol (an analog to calcitriol) suppresses the growth of gastric cancer cells by regulating cell cycle, apoptosis, and inflammation without inducing the hypercalcemia effects. Bao et al.[17] found that direct usage of 1,25(OH)2D3 induces cellular apoptosis in gastric cancer cells and also increased the expression of VDR and CYP24A1 further supporting the antitumoral role that Vitamin D may activate in gastric cancer.