http://news.xinhuanet.com/mil/2011-12/19/c_122445739.htm
中国海军加紧转型以备战 海洋最有可能爆发战争
2011年12月19日 11:20:07
来源： 国际先驱导报
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中国海军在未来的战略任务大致涵盖了三个层次：即近海防御(黄水)、保护领海和领土完整与权益(绿水)和确保中国海上生命线的畅通(蓝水)
《国际先驱导报》特约撰稿吕正韬发自福建有观察人士把整个2011年波谲云诡的南中国海局势和美国紧锣密鼓的亚太布局联系起来。分析认为，中国海军建设的转型已经进入了攻坚期，而“蓝色军人”的所有努力都是致力于打赢最有可能爆发的未来海上局部战争。
海洋方向最有可能爆发战争
早在刚刚进入新世纪的头几年，解放军就在全军范围内发起了一场改革运动，核心主题是把海军、空军和第二炮兵提上更重要的建设议程。自那时起，海军建设就一直成为解放军整体实力提升的优先发展方向。
最近几年来，随着中国综合国力的快速增长，中国国家利益重心越来越由生存利益转向发展利益。中国越来越认识到1.8万公里漫长的海岸线和超过300万平方公里的海域，恰恰是维系中国发展的重要安全屏障和资源所在，保卫巨大海洋利益的重任自然而然地首先落到了海军的肩上。
从外部来看，近一段时间以来，亚太地区的战略格局和中国海上安全环境总的来说并不十分稳定和乐观。特别在中国南海方向，自2010年起，与中国有海洋领土争议的东南亚国家纷纷向中国提出领土要求，并大力发展海军，试图以武力与中国在南海形成抗衡之势。
今年7月，越南与俄罗斯正式签署了购买6艘柴电潜艇的合同，越南国防部长在8月的讲话中明确表示，要在未来6年内建设成一支“南海区域最强”的潜艇部队来“捍卫海洋权力”，针对中国的意图非常明了。菲律宾也在今年9月宣布了1.18亿美元的海军装备采购计划，用以满足南中国海上“领土防卫需求”。
与此同时，美国为了遏制中国的需要，加快了重返亚太的布局，并直白地宣称要把针对中国的“空海一体战”作战构想落到实处。11月，美军在澳洲达尔文港建立了军事基地，在新加坡樟宜海军基地部署了新型战舰，打造围堵中国海上桥头堡的步骤越来越清晰。
此外，在中国东海方向和台湾海峡方向，中国的传统战略张力也一直存在。
有分析认为，对于中国这样的大国，未来在本土发生空战和陆战的可能性微乎其微，中国在崛起之路上如果遇到外部军事阻力和摩擦的话，那么最有可能爆发冲突的首先应当是亚太的环中国海上区域。
基于内部和外部的战略需求，海军在解放军中的地位和作用越来越重要，中国在海军建设的上规划和投入都显得更加用心用力。
有信心打赢一场海上局部战争
由于美日等一些传统强国和中国周边的一些国家纷纷对中国制造安全压力，中国海上安全环境的变数不断增大。分析人士认为，从战略全局上看，这并不是坏事，中国海军近十年来的快速发展和成长在很大程度上也是基于这种外部的压力。
近十年来，中国海军正在通过多种途径增强自身的综合实力，中国海军的每一步发展都围绕着一个非常明确的目标，就是要打赢一场未来的海上局部战争。那么，如今中国海军的实力究竟如何？能否胜任这样一个目标？答案是自信的。
首先，在武器装备上，中国海军的底气越来越足。上世纪90年代中国海军在驱逐舰和护卫舰方面的实力还非常微弱，只能在陆基战斗机的掩护范围内执行作战任务。目前，装备有中程防空导弹且具备有限区域防空能力的“现代”级驱逐舰和国产新型驱护舰，不但能与其他舰艇共同组成大型远洋混编舰队，还可以与小型舰艇在近海作战中构成集束型的战斗群，甚至在必要情况下还可以依靠本身的舰载武器独立完成作战任务。
按照现在的发展速度，以“江凯”级护卫舰主的新型护卫舰和国产驱逐舰在未来10年内即可全面取代大部分现役旧式驱护舰，使海面的战斗力更强、更具灵活性。
中国潜艇力量在近几年中也有突飞猛进的发展，质量和数量都在快速提升。先进的“商”级和“晋”级潜艇已经进入了成熟应用和批量装备阶段。以“基洛”级为代表的新型常规潜艇已经达到了规模化和标准化。
尤其是中国海军在海基核力量的建设上表现不俗，其中“晋”级弹道导弹战略核潜艇威力巨大，与之配套的“巨浪-2”潜射导弹系统也正在快速发展。素有“航母杀手”之称的“东风-21型”反舰导弹的快速发展也一直吸引着西方的眼球。
今年8月以来，中国改造成功的前苏联“瓦良格”号已经两次成功下水适航，这更是中国海军现代化的集中体现。12月11日的试航中，舰载机歼-15与航母进行了“首次亲密接触”。而歼-15舰载机被西方媒体称为可媲美俄制苏-33、美制“超级大黄蜂”的先进舰载机。
此外，中国海军还坚持“走出去”战略，全面摔打锻炼队伍。中国海军高层曾表示要实现海军“远洋训练常态化”。
今年11月，中国北海舰队的精锐力量穿过日本冲绳宫古岛以东100公里的公海海域，在太平洋海域进行训练，这是自今年6月以来，中国海军地二次穿过第一岛链在西太平洋实施军事训练和演习。中国海军还在今年完成了亚丁湾海域护航的第九、十批护航编队的任务交接，在为中外商船护航，打击海盗中积累实战经验。
中国海军未来三大战略任务
在中国海军建立之初，出于使命任务、作战能力和作战范围的考虑，一支奉行“近岸防御”的思想。“近岸防御”思想与建国之初的战争实际和海军实力结合比较紧密，发挥了很大作用。但实际上，“近岸防御”思想在相当程度上还是一种陆战思维，并不能成为严格意义上的海军战略。进入上世纪80年代后，随着海军综合作战能力的提升和职能使命的拓展，时任军委主席邓小平提出了“近海作战”的战略思想，以此为基础，海军提出了“积极防御、近海作战”的战略指导方针，并最终凝练为“近海防御”战略，实现了由“近岸防御”向“近海防御”的转换。
近三十年的时间里，中国海军一支奉行“近海防御”的战略指导，这一战略指导也对中国海军的建设和发展起到了极大的推动和促进作用。海军前司令员刘华清上将曾在《海军战略与未来海上作战》的报告对“近海防御”战略给出了明确的论述。按照刘华清的解释，“近海防御”战略首先是防御性的，中国海军无论发展到何种程度，海军战略的防御性质也不会改变。“近海防御”的战略任务是要实现和维护国家统一，保卫领土主权和海洋权益，应付可能发生的海上局部战争，遏制和防御敌人可能来自海上的侵略，支持和参加国家社会主义建设。
“近海防御”战略明确了海军的防御范围，即第一岛链以内的黄海、东海、南海海区。一旦相关区域有战事发生，海军要能够在近海夺取并保持制海权，在必要的时间里有效地控制与中国海区相连的重要海上通道，在与中国海区相邻的海区进行作战，同时要具有较强的海上核反击能力等。随着外部战略环境的不断变化和中国国家利益的拓展的需求，尤其是近二十年来，中国海军在作战理论、武器装备、科研训练以及海战场等综合性配套建设的推进，中国海军由“近海防御”向“远海防卫”型转变似乎已经成为历史的必然。
总的来看，中国海军在未来的战略任务大致涵盖了三个层次，即近海防御(黄水)、保护领海和领土完整与权益(绿水)和确保中国海上生命线的畅通(蓝水)。有军事评论认为，在未来的一段时间里，中国海军力量建设的主要思路将是巩固近海防御的同时，将防御的纵深向远海海域推进。
强大海军之路漫长而泥泞
中国的海军现代化步伐，一直深受美日等国的关注，中国海军的每一次出海，都会引来美日舰机的追踪。
美国华盛顿著名智库哈特森研究所的高级研究员理查德·韦茨在去年的文章中总结称，最近几年，由五角大楼撰写的所有公开和秘密的有关中国军力报告的文件，存在一个最显著的共同点，即突出强调不断增强的中国海军力量。五角大楼最新出台的2011年度中国军力报告甚至史无前例地单独设置了“中国海军战略”的“特别主题”。中国海军正在快速发展，但必须看到，中国海军毕竟是后起之秀，相对于美国、日本等传统海上强国，中国海军还有很漫长的路要走，而且路并不会太平。
有美国军事专家分析认为，尽管中国海军的规模和武器装备质量都逐渐进入世界强国行列，但在组织海上联合行动的能力、指挥与控制通信系统、军用计算机、监视与侦察以及精确攻击等软件方面的能力和美国还有很大差距。
国内专家认为，相比武器装备跟西方的差距，国人的海权意识以及海上作战观念更为落后。另外，目前中国海军还存在一个重要的缺项，这就是海外海军基地的缺失，这在很大程度上会限制中国海军的续航和补给能力。
中国海军的崛起之路依然漫长而泥泞，然而人们也相信，越是泥泞之路，留下的脚印就越深刻。
B] Chinese navy to step up restructuring to prepare for the ocean is most likely war [/ B]
December 19, 2011 11:20:07
Source: International Herald Tribune
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Chinese navy's strategic task in the next roughly covers three levels: the coastal defense (yellow water), protection of territorial waters and territorial integrity and interests (green water) and ensure the smooth flow of China's maritime lifeline (blue water)
"International Herald Tribune," freelance writer Lvzheng Tao from the bottom of the whole people of Fujian have observed a turbulent 2011, the situation in the South China Sea and the United States linked to the layout of the Asia-Pacific swing. Analysis, the construction of the Chinese navy has entered a crucial period of transformation, and the "blue army" all efforts are dedicated to winning the most likely future outbreak of local wars at sea.
The most likely marine direction of war
Back in just the first years of the new century, the PLA within the army launched a reform movement, the core theme of the Navy, Air Force and Second Artillery put on the more important building agenda. Since then, it has become a People's Liberation Army Navy building to enhance the overall strength of the priority development.
In recent years, with the rapid growth of China's comprehensive national strength, China's national interests are increasingly the focus of interest shifted from the survival benefits of development. China is increasingly recognized to 18,000 km of coastline and more than 300 million square kilometers of sea area, it is important to maintain the development of China where the security barrier and resources to defend the interests of the great ocean first task naturally fell on the shoulders of the Navy.
From the outside, since recently, the strategic situation in Asia Pacific and China's maritime security environment in general is not very stable and optimistic. Direction, especially in the South China Sea, from 2010, China has maritime territorial disputes with Southeast Asian countries have made territorial claims to the Chinese, and to develop the Navy, tried to force to compete with China in the South China Sea trend.
In July, Vietnam and Russia signed the purchase of six diesel-electric submarines of the contract, Vietnamese Defense Minister's speech in August it clear that in the next six years to build into a "South China Sea in the strongest" of the submarine force to " defend sea power "for China's intentions very clear. Philippines also announced in September this year, a $ 118 million naval equipment procurement plan to meet the South China Sea on the "territorial defense needs."
At the same time, the United States to contain China needs to accelerate the return to the layout of the Asia-Pacific, and straightforward to claim that we should address China's "Air Sea Battle" combat ideas implemented. In November, U.S. troops in Darwin, Australia to establish military bases in Hong Kong, Singapore Changi naval base in the deployment of new warships, to create a bridgehead steps to contain China Sea has become increasingly clear.
In addition, the direction of the East China Sea and Taiwan Strait, the direction of China's traditional strategy of tension has always existed.
Some analysts believe that a big country like China, the future of the continent has little possibility of air and land battles, the rise of China in the road outside the military if you encounter resistance and friction, then the most likely outbreak of the conflict should be the first Asia-Pacific Central China Sea area.
Strategy based on internal and external demand, the PLA Navy's position and in an increasingly important role on the construction of China's naval planning and investment intentions are even more force.
Have confidence to win a local war at sea
As the United States and Japan and some other traditional power, and China's neighboring countries have some of the pressure on Chinese-made security, China's maritime security environment variables continued to grow. Analysts believe that, from a strategic global point of view, this is not a bad thing, the Chinese navy over the past decade's rapid development and growth is largely based on this external pressure.
Over the past decade, the Chinese Navy is through a variety of ways to enhance their overall strength, every step of the development of the Chinese Navy revolve around a very clear goal is to win a fight future local war at sea. So, now that the Chinese navy's strength today? Ability to perform such a goal? The answer is self-confident.
First, the weapons, the Chinese navy's getting more and more emboldened. In the 1990s the Chinese Navy destroyers and frigates in the area of strength is still very weak, can only cover the range of land-based fighter combat mission. Currently, equipped with medium-range air defense missile and air defense capability with the limited area of the "modern" class destroyers and made new destroyer, not only with other large ocean-going ships together to form mixed fleet, but also ships with a small composition in offshore operations Cluster-based battle group, and even, where necessary, can also rely on its own ship-based weapon combat missions independently.
According to the present pace of development in order to "Chiang Kai" class frigate frigates and made a new main destroyer in the next 10 years to replace the most active old destroyer, fighting to make the sea more and more flexibility.
China's submarine force has in recent years rapid development, quality and quantity are improved rapidly. Advanced "business" class and "Gem" class submarine has entered a mature stage of application and quantities of equipment. The "Kilo" class as the representative of new conventional submarines has reached a scale and standardization.
In particular, the Chinese Navy in the construction of sea-based nuclear forces doing well, where "Gem" class SSBN powerful, complete set of "waves -2" submarine-launched missile systems is growing rapidly. Known as the "aircraft carrier killer" known as "East Wind-21" anti-ship missiles, rapid development has attracted the attention of the West.
Since August this year, China's successful transformation of the former Soviet Union "Varyag" was already launched two successful airworthiness, which is the embodiment of China's naval modernization. December 11 of the trials, the aircraft carrier-based aircraft F -15 and had a "first intimate contact." The F -15 aircraft carrier is comparable to the Western media as a Russian-made Su-33, US-made "Super Hornet" advanced carrier-based aircraft.
In addition, the Chinese navy also adhere to the "going out" strategy, a comprehensive training team to beat. Senior Chinese navy has said that to achieve the Navy's "ocean-going training of normalization."
In November, China's elite forces across the North Sea Fleet Miyako Island, Okinawa, Japan, 100 km east of the high seas, training in the Pacific Ocean, which is in June this year, the Chinese navy in the second through the first island chain implementation in the Western Pacific military training and exercises. Chinese Navy also completed this year, the Gulf of Aden to escort the ninth, tenth Fleet escort task transfer, foreign merchant ships in the convoy, to combat piracy in the accumulation of practical experience.
Navy's three major strategic task for the future of China
In the Chinese navy was established, the task for the mission, combat capability and operational range of considerations, an adherence to the "coastal defense" thinking. "Coastal defense" thought and the early days of the war more real and close with naval power played a significant role. But in fact, "coastal defense" thinking to a considerable extent or a Marine mentality, and not a strict sense of the naval strategy. After entering the 1980s, with the comprehensive combat capability of the Navy to enhance the expansion and functions of the mission, when he was Chairman of the Central Military Commission Deng Xiaoping proposed the "offshore operations" of strategic thinking as a basis, the Navy proposed the "active defense, offshore operations "The strategic guidelines, and finally condensed to" offshore defense "strategy, from a" coastal defense "to" offshore defense "conversion.
Nearly three decades, the Chinese navy to pursue a "coastal defense" strategy guide, this strategy guide is also on the construction and development of the Chinese Navy has played a significant role in promoting and facilitating. Admiral Liu Huaqing, former commander of the Navy had "the future of naval warfare and naval strategy," the report "offshore defense" strategy gives a clear exposition. According to Liu explains that "offshore defense" strategy is defensive in nature first, the Chinese navy no matter to what extent the development of the Navy's defensive strategy will not change. "Coastal defense" strategic task is to achieve and maintain national unity, territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests to defend, to cope with possible local war at sea, the enemy may contain and defensive aggression from the sea, support and participate in national socialist construction.
"Offshore defense" strategy defined the scope of the Navy's defense, the first island chain within the Yellow Sea, East China Sea, South China Sea area. Once the war-related areas have occurred, the Navy should be able to seize and maintain the command of the sea in coastal waters, in the necessary time to effectively control the waters connected with China's important sea lanes in the adjacent sea area with the China Sea to conduct operations, while a strong maritime nuclear counterattack capability. With the changing external strategic environment and the expansion of China's national interests demand, especially in the past two decades, the Chinese navy in combat theory, weapons and equipment, research and training and supporting a comprehensive sea battle, etc. to promote the construction by the Chinese navy " coastal defense "to" sea defense "transformation seems to have become a historical necessity.
Overall, the Chinese navy's strategic task in the next roughly covers three levels, namely, coastal defense (yellow water), protection of territorial waters and territorial integrity and interests (green water) and ensure the smooth flow of China's maritime lifeline (blue water). There are comments that the military in the next period of time, the construction of China's naval forces will be to consolidate the main ideas, while coastal defense, the defense in depth ocean waters to advance.
Powerful navy muddy road to a long and
The pace of China's naval modernization has been deeply concerned about the United States, Japan and other countries, the Chinese navy every sea, U.S. and Japanese vessels and planes will lead to the track.
Well-known U.S. intellectual Kuhatesen Washington Institute senior fellow Richard Weitz's article in last year concluded that, in recent years, all written by the Pentagon's public and secret files on China military power report, there is one of the most significant common ground, that highlighted the growing Chinese naval power. Pentagon's 2011 introduction of the latest annual report on Chinese military power, unprecedented even set up a separate "Chinese naval strategy" and "special theme." Chinese Navy is growing rapidly, but it must be noted that the Chinese navy, after all, is a rising star, relative to the United States, Japan and other traditional maritime powers, the Chinese Navy is still a long way to go, and the road will not be peaceful.
Military experts believe the United States, although the size of the Chinese navy and the quality of weapons and equipment are gradually entering the ranks of world powers, but the ability to organize a joint maritime operations, command and control communications systems, military computers, surveillance and reconnaissance, and precision attack and other software ability and the United States there is a big gap.
Domestic experts, weapons and equipment compared to the gap with the West, people's awareness of sea power and maritime operational concept is more behind. In addition, China's navy still an important missing items, this is the lack of overseas naval base, which largely limits the Chinese Navy's supply capacity and endurance.
The rise of the Chinese Navy is still a long and muddy road, but it is believed that the more muddy road, the more deep footprints left behind.
中国海军加紧转型以备战 海洋最有可能爆发战争
2011年12月19日 11:20:07
来源： 国际先驱导报
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中国海军在未来的战略任务大致涵盖了三个层次：即近海防御(黄水)、保护领海和领土完整与权益(绿水)和确保中国海上生命线的畅通(蓝水)
《国际先驱导报》特约撰稿吕正韬发自福建有观察人士把整个2011年波谲云诡的南中国海局势和美国紧锣密鼓的亚太布局联系起来。分析认为，中国海军建设的转型已经进入了攻坚期，而“蓝色军人”的所有努力都是致力于打赢最有可能爆发的未来海上局部战争。
海洋方向最有可能爆发战争
早在刚刚进入新世纪的头几年，解放军就在全军范围内发起了一场改革运动，核心主题是把海军、空军和第二炮兵提上更重要的建设议程。自那时起，海军建设就一直成为解放军整体实力提升的优先发展方向。
最近几年来，随着中国综合国力的快速增长，中国国家利益重心越来越由生存利益转向发展利益。中国越来越认识到1.8万公里漫长的海岸线和超过300万平方公里的海域，恰恰是维系中国发展的重要安全屏障和资源所在，保卫巨大海洋利益的重任自然而然地首先落到了海军的肩上。
从外部来看，近一段时间以来，亚太地区的战略格局和中国海上安全环境总的来说并不十分稳定和乐观。特别在中国南海方向，自2010年起，与中国有海洋领土争议的东南亚国家纷纷向中国提出领土要求，并大力发展海军，试图以武力与中国在南海形成抗衡之势。
今年7月，越南与俄罗斯正式签署了购买6艘柴电潜艇的合同，越南国防部长在8月的讲话中明确表示，要在未来6年内建设成一支“南海区域最强”的潜艇部队来“捍卫海洋权力”，针对中国的意图非常明了。菲律宾也在今年9月宣布了1.18亿美元的海军装备采购计划，用以满足南中国海上“领土防卫需求”。
与此同时，美国为了遏制中国的需要，加快了重返亚太的布局，并直白地宣称要把针对中国的“空海一体战”作战构想落到实处。11月，美军在澳洲达尔文港建立了军事基地，在新加坡樟宜海军基地部署了新型战舰，打造围堵中国海上桥头堡的步骤越来越清晰。
此外，在中国东海方向和台湾海峡方向，中国的传统战略张力也一直存在。
有分析认为，对于中国这样的大国，未来在本土发生空战和陆战的可能性微乎其微，中国在崛起之路上如果遇到外部军事阻力和摩擦的话，那么最有可能爆发冲突的首先应当是亚太的环中国海上区域。
基于内部和外部的战略需求，海军在解放军中的地位和作用越来越重要，中国在海军建设的上规划和投入都显得更加用心用力。
有信心打赢一场海上局部战争
由于美日等一些传统强国和中国周边的一些国家纷纷对中国制造安全压力，中国海上安全环境的变数不断增大。分析人士认为，从战略全局上看，这并不是坏事，中国海军近十年来的快速发展和成长在很大程度上也是基于这种外部的压力。
近十年来，中国海军正在通过多种途径增强自身的综合实力，中国海军的每一步发展都围绕着一个非常明确的目标，就是要打赢一场未来的海上局部战争。那么，如今中国海军的实力究竟如何？能否胜任这样一个目标？答案是自信的。
首先，在武器装备上，中国海军的底气越来越足。上世纪90年代中国海军在驱逐舰和护卫舰方面的实力还非常微弱，只能在陆基战斗机的掩护范围内执行作战任务。目前，装备有中程防空导弹且具备有限区域防空能力的“现代”级驱逐舰和国产新型驱护舰，不但能与其他舰艇共同组成大型远洋混编舰队，还可以与小型舰艇在近海作战中构成集束型的战斗群，甚至在必要情况下还可以依靠本身的舰载武器独立完成作战任务。
按照现在的发展速度，以“江凯”级护卫舰主的新型护卫舰和国产驱逐舰在未来10年内即可全面取代大部分现役旧式驱护舰，使海面的战斗力更强、更具灵活性。
中国潜艇力量在近几年中也有突飞猛进的发展，质量和数量都在快速提升。先进的“商”级和“晋”级潜艇已经进入了成熟应用和批量装备阶段。以“基洛”级为代表的新型常规潜艇已经达到了规模化和标准化。
尤其是中国海军在海基核力量的建设上表现不俗，其中“晋”级弹道导弹战略核潜艇威力巨大，与之配套的“巨浪-2”潜射导弹系统也正在快速发展。素有“航母杀手”之称的“东风-21型”反舰导弹的快速发展也一直吸引着西方的眼球。
今年8月以来，中国改造成功的前苏联“瓦良格”号已经两次成功下水适航，这更是中国海军现代化的集中体现。12月11日的试航中，舰载机歼-15与航母进行了“首次亲密接触”。而歼-15舰载机被西方媒体称为可媲美俄制苏-33、美制“超级大黄蜂”的先进舰载机。
此外，中国海军还坚持“走出去”战略，全面摔打锻炼队伍。中国海军高层曾表示要实现海军“远洋训练常态化”。
今年11月，中国北海舰队的精锐力量穿过日本冲绳宫古岛以东100公里的公海海域，在太平洋海域进行训练，这是自今年6月以来，中国海军地二次穿过第一岛链在西太平洋实施军事训练和演习。中国海军还在今年完成了亚丁湾海域护航的第九、十批护航编队的任务交接，在为中外商船护航，打击海盗中积累实战经验。
中国海军未来三大战略任务
在中国海军建立之初，出于使命任务、作战能力和作战范围的考虑，一支奉行“近岸防御”的思想。“近岸防御”思想与建国之初的战争实际和海军实力结合比较紧密，发挥了很大作用。但实际上，“近岸防御”思想在相当程度上还是一种陆战思维，并不能成为严格意义上的海军战略。进入上世纪80年代后，随着海军综合作战能力的提升和职能使命的拓展，时任军委主席邓小平提出了“近海作战”的战略思想，以此为基础，海军提出了“积极防御、近海作战”的战略指导方针，并最终凝练为“近海防御”战略，实现了由“近岸防御”向“近海防御”的转换。
近三十年的时间里，中国海军一支奉行“近海防御”的战略指导，这一战略指导也对中国海军的建设和发展起到了极大的推动和促进作用。海军前司令员刘华清上将曾在《海军战略与未来海上作战》的报告对“近海防御”战略给出了明确的论述。按照刘华清的解释，“近海防御”战略首先是防御性的，中国海军无论发展到何种程度，海军战略的防御性质也不会改变。“近海防御”的战略任务是要实现和维护国家统一，保卫领土主权和海洋权益，应付可能发生的海上局部战争，遏制和防御敌人可能来自海上的侵略，支持和参加国家社会主义建设。
“近海防御”战略明确了海军的防御范围，即第一岛链以内的黄海、东海、南海海区。一旦相关区域有战事发生，海军要能够在近海夺取并保持制海权，在必要的时间里有效地控制与中国海区相连的重要海上通道，在与中国海区相邻的海区进行作战，同时要具有较强的海上核反击能力等。随着外部战略环境的不断变化和中国国家利益的拓展的需求，尤其是近二十年来，中国海军在作战理论、武器装备、科研训练以及海战场等综合性配套建设的推进，中国海军由“近海防御”向“远海防卫”型转变似乎已经成为历史的必然。
总的来看，中国海军在未来的战略任务大致涵盖了三个层次，即近海防御(黄水)、保护领海和领土完整与权益(绿水)和确保中国海上生命线的畅通(蓝水)。有军事评论认为，在未来的一段时间里，中国海军力量建设的主要思路将是巩固近海防御的同时，将防御的纵深向远海海域推进。
强大海军之路漫长而泥泞
中国的海军现代化步伐，一直深受美日等国的关注，中国海军的每一次出海，都会引来美日舰机的追踪。
美国华盛顿著名智库哈特森研究所的高级研究员理查德·韦茨在去年的文章中总结称，最近几年，由五角大楼撰写的所有公开和秘密的有关中国军力报告的文件，存在一个最显著的共同点，即突出强调不断增强的中国海军力量。五角大楼最新出台的2011年度中国军力报告甚至史无前例地单独设置了“中国海军战略”的“特别主题”。中国海军正在快速发展，但必须看到，中国海军毕竟是后起之秀，相对于美国、日本等传统海上强国，中国海军还有很漫长的路要走，而且路并不会太平。
有美国军事专家分析认为，尽管中国海军的规模和武器装备质量都逐渐进入世界强国行列，但在组织海上联合行动的能力、指挥与控制通信系统、军用计算机、监视与侦察以及精确攻击等软件方面的能力和美国还有很大差距。
国内专家认为，相比武器装备跟西方的差距，国人的海权意识以及海上作战观念更为落后。另外，目前中国海军还存在一个重要的缺项，这就是海外海军基地的缺失，这在很大程度上会限制中国海军的续航和补给能力。
中国海军的崛起之路依然漫长而泥泞，然而人们也相信，越是泥泞之路，留下的脚印就越深刻。
B] Chinese navy to step up restructuring to prepare for the ocean is most likely war [/ B]
December 19, 2011 11:20:07
Source: International Herald Tribune
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Chinese navy's strategic task in the next roughly covers three levels: the coastal defense (yellow water), protection of territorial waters and territorial integrity and interests (green water) and ensure the smooth flow of China's maritime lifeline (blue water)
"International Herald Tribune," freelance writer Lvzheng Tao from the bottom of the whole people of Fujian have observed a turbulent 2011, the situation in the South China Sea and the United States linked to the layout of the Asia-Pacific swing. Analysis, the construction of the Chinese navy has entered a crucial period of transformation, and the "blue army" all efforts are dedicated to winning the most likely future outbreak of local wars at sea.
The most likely marine direction of war
Back in just the first years of the new century, the PLA within the army launched a reform movement, the core theme of the Navy, Air Force and Second Artillery put on the more important building agenda. Since then, it has become a People's Liberation Army Navy building to enhance the overall strength of the priority development.
In recent years, with the rapid growth of China's comprehensive national strength, China's national interests are increasingly the focus of interest shifted from the survival benefits of development. China is increasingly recognized to 18,000 km of coastline and more than 300 million square kilometers of sea area, it is important to maintain the development of China where the security barrier and resources to defend the interests of the great ocean first task naturally fell on the shoulders of the Navy.
From the outside, since recently, the strategic situation in Asia Pacific and China's maritime security environment in general is not very stable and optimistic. Direction, especially in the South China Sea, from 2010, China has maritime territorial disputes with Southeast Asian countries have made territorial claims to the Chinese, and to develop the Navy, tried to force to compete with China in the South China Sea trend.
In July, Vietnam and Russia signed the purchase of six diesel-electric submarines of the contract, Vietnamese Defense Minister's speech in August it clear that in the next six years to build into a "South China Sea in the strongest" of the submarine force to " defend sea power "for China's intentions very clear. Philippines also announced in September this year, a $ 118 million naval equipment procurement plan to meet the South China Sea on the "territorial defense needs."
At the same time, the United States to contain China needs to accelerate the return to the layout of the Asia-Pacific, and straightforward to claim that we should address China's "Air Sea Battle" combat ideas implemented. In November, U.S. troops in Darwin, Australia to establish military bases in Hong Kong, Singapore Changi naval base in the deployment of new warships, to create a bridgehead steps to contain China Sea has become increasingly clear.
In addition, the direction of the East China Sea and Taiwan Strait, the direction of China's traditional strategy of tension has always existed.
Some analysts believe that a big country like China, the future of the continent has little possibility of air and land battles, the rise of China in the road outside the military if you encounter resistance and friction, then the most likely outbreak of the conflict should be the first Asia-Pacific Central China Sea area.
Strategy based on internal and external demand, the PLA Navy's position and in an increasingly important role on the construction of China's naval planning and investment intentions are even more force.
Have confidence to win a local war at sea
As the United States and Japan and some other traditional power, and China's neighboring countries have some of the pressure on Chinese-made security, China's maritime security environment variables continued to grow. Analysts believe that, from a strategic global point of view, this is not a bad thing, the Chinese navy over the past decade's rapid development and growth is largely based on this external pressure.
Over the past decade, the Chinese Navy is through a variety of ways to enhance their overall strength, every step of the development of the Chinese Navy revolve around a very clear goal is to win a fight future local war at sea. So, now that the Chinese navy's strength today? Ability to perform such a goal? The answer is self-confident.
First, the weapons, the Chinese navy's getting more and more emboldened. In the 1990s the Chinese Navy destroyers and frigates in the area of strength is still very weak, can only cover the range of land-based fighter combat mission. Currently, equipped with medium-range air defense missile and air defense capability with the limited area of the "modern" class destroyers and made new destroyer, not only with other large ocean-going ships together to form mixed fleet, but also ships with a small composition in offshore operations Cluster-based battle group, and even, where necessary, can also rely on its own ship-based weapon combat missions independently.
According to the present pace of development in order to "Chiang Kai" class frigate frigates and made a new main destroyer in the next 10 years to replace the most active old destroyer, fighting to make the sea more and more flexibility.
China's submarine force has in recent years rapid development, quality and quantity are improved rapidly. Advanced "business" class and "Gem" class submarine has entered a mature stage of application and quantities of equipment. The "Kilo" class as the representative of new conventional submarines has reached a scale and standardization.
In particular, the Chinese Navy in the construction of sea-based nuclear forces doing well, where "Gem" class SSBN powerful, complete set of "waves -2" submarine-launched missile systems is growing rapidly. Known as the "aircraft carrier killer" known as "East Wind-21" anti-ship missiles, rapid development has attracted the attention of the West.
Since August this year, China's successful transformation of the former Soviet Union "Varyag" was already launched two successful airworthiness, which is the embodiment of China's naval modernization. December 11 of the trials, the aircraft carrier-based aircraft F -15 and had a "first intimate contact." The F -15 aircraft carrier is comparable to the Western media as a Russian-made Su-33, US-made "Super Hornet" advanced carrier-based aircraft.
In addition, the Chinese navy also adhere to the "going out" strategy, a comprehensive training team to beat. Senior Chinese navy has said that to achieve the Navy's "ocean-going training of normalization."
In November, China's elite forces across the North Sea Fleet Miyako Island, Okinawa, Japan, 100 km east of the high seas, training in the Pacific Ocean, which is in June this year, the Chinese navy in the second through the first island chain implementation in the Western Pacific military training and exercises. Chinese Navy also completed this year, the Gulf of Aden to escort the ninth, tenth Fleet escort task transfer, foreign merchant ships in the convoy, to combat piracy in the accumulation of practical experience.
Navy's three major strategic task for the future of China
In the Chinese navy was established, the task for the mission, combat capability and operational range of considerations, an adherence to the "coastal defense" thinking. "Coastal defense" thought and the early days of the war more real and close with naval power played a significant role. But in fact, "coastal defense" thinking to a considerable extent or a Marine mentality, and not a strict sense of the naval strategy. After entering the 1980s, with the comprehensive combat capability of the Navy to enhance the expansion and functions of the mission, when he was Chairman of the Central Military Commission Deng Xiaoping proposed the "offshore operations" of strategic thinking as a basis, the Navy proposed the "active defense, offshore operations "The strategic guidelines, and finally condensed to" offshore defense "strategy, from a" coastal defense "to" offshore defense "conversion.
Nearly three decades, the Chinese navy to pursue a "coastal defense" strategy guide, this strategy guide is also on the construction and development of the Chinese Navy has played a significant role in promoting and facilitating. Admiral Liu Huaqing, former commander of the Navy had "the future of naval warfare and naval strategy," the report "offshore defense" strategy gives a clear exposition. According to Liu explains that "offshore defense" strategy is defensive in nature first, the Chinese navy no matter to what extent the development of the Navy's defensive strategy will not change. "Coastal defense" strategic task is to achieve and maintain national unity, territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests to defend, to cope with possible local war at sea, the enemy may contain and defensive aggression from the sea, support and participate in national socialist construction.
"Offshore defense" strategy defined the scope of the Navy's defense, the first island chain within the Yellow Sea, East China Sea, South China Sea area. Once the war-related areas have occurred, the Navy should be able to seize and maintain the command of the sea in coastal waters, in the necessary time to effectively control the waters connected with China's important sea lanes in the adjacent sea area with the China Sea to conduct operations, while a strong maritime nuclear counterattack capability. With the changing external strategic environment and the expansion of China's national interests demand, especially in the past two decades, the Chinese navy in combat theory, weapons and equipment, research and training and supporting a comprehensive sea battle, etc. to promote the construction by the Chinese navy " coastal defense "to" sea defense "transformation seems to have become a historical necessity.
Overall, the Chinese navy's strategic task in the next roughly covers three levels, namely, coastal defense (yellow water), protection of territorial waters and territorial integrity and interests (green water) and ensure the smooth flow of China's maritime lifeline (blue water). There are comments that the military in the next period of time, the construction of China's naval forces will be to consolidate the main ideas, while coastal defense, the defense in depth ocean waters to advance.
Powerful navy muddy road to a long and
The pace of China's naval modernization has been deeply concerned about the United States, Japan and other countries, the Chinese navy every sea, U.S. and Japanese vessels and planes will lead to the track.
Well-known U.S. intellectual Kuhatesen Washington Institute senior fellow Richard Weitz's article in last year concluded that, in recent years, all written by the Pentagon's public and secret files on China military power report, there is one of the most significant common ground, that highlighted the growing Chinese naval power. Pentagon's 2011 introduction of the latest annual report on Chinese military power, unprecedented even set up a separate "Chinese naval strategy" and "special theme." Chinese Navy is growing rapidly, but it must be noted that the Chinese navy, after all, is a rising star, relative to the United States, Japan and other traditional maritime powers, the Chinese Navy is still a long way to go, and the road will not be peaceful.
Military experts believe the United States, although the size of the Chinese navy and the quality of weapons and equipment are gradually entering the ranks of world powers, but the ability to organize a joint maritime operations, command and control communications systems, military computers, surveillance and reconnaissance, and precision attack and other software ability and the United States there is a big gap.
Domestic experts, weapons and equipment compared to the gap with the West, people's awareness of sea power and maritime operational concept is more behind. In addition, China's navy still an important missing items, this is the lack of overseas naval base, which largely limits the Chinese Navy's supply capacity and endurance.
The rise of the Chinese Navy is still a long and muddy road, but it is believed that the more muddy road, the more deep footprints left behind.
