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Independent Territory of Singapore

fivestars

Alfrescian
Loyal
Some articles of special interest to Independent Territory of Singapore, may be amended by a two-thirds majority in each House of Singapore Parliament but only if the President of the Singaporean concurs.

These include:

Special Malaysia Citizenship of persons born before Malaysia Day
The constitution and jurisdiction of the High Court of Singapore
The matters with respect to which the legislature of the state may or may not make laws, the executive authority of the territory in those matters and financial arrangement between the Federal government and the territory.
Special treatment of natives of the territory
Singapore shall cease to be a State of Malaysia on the 9th day of August, 1965, (hereinafter referred to as “Singapore Day”) and shall become an independent and sovereign state separate from and independent of Malaysia.
The Independent Territory is governed indirectly by the federal government of Malaysia and governed directly by the Republic of Singapore.
The relation between the federal government of Malaysia and the Independent Territory of Singapore is more on Economy issues.

(It is a good example for Brunei; governed directly by Brunei government, Southern Thailand; governed directly by Thailand government , Sumatra governed directly by Republic of Indonesia , Kalimantan; governed directly by Republic of Indonesia, Mindanao; governed directly by Republic of the Philippines).

http://singaporepeoplejusticeparty.blogspot.com/2009/07/independent-territory-of-singapore-in.html
 
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cleareyes

Alfrescian
Loyal
Some articles of special interest to Independent Territory of Singapore, may be amended by a two-thirds majority in each House of Singapore Parliament but only if the President of the Singaporean concurs.

These include:

Special Malaysia Citizenship of persons born before Malaysia Day
The constitution and jurisdiction of the High Court of Singapore
The matters with respect to which the legislature of the state may or may not make laws, the executive authority of the territory in those matters and financial arrangement between the Federal government and the territory.
Special treatment of natives of the territory
Singapore shall cease to be a State of Malaysia on the 9th day of August, 1965, (hereinafter referred to as “Singapore Day”) and shall become an independent and sovereign state separate from and independent of Malaysia.
The Independent Territory is governed indirectly by the federal government of Malaysia and governed directly by the Republic of Singapore.
The relation between the federal government of Malaysia and the Independent Territory of Singapore is more on Economy issues.

(It is a good example for Brunei; governed directly by Brunei government, Southern Thailand; governed directly by Thailand government , Sumatra governed directly by Republic of Indonesia , Kalimantan; governed directly by Republic of Indonesia, Mindanao; governed directly by Republic of the Philippines).

http://singaporepeoplejusticeparty.blogspot.com/2009/07/independent-territory-of-singapore-in.html

And you dare say you are not pro-malaysia.
 

fivestars

Alfrescian
Loyal
And you dare say you are not pro-malaysia.

ASEAN 40 years failure, East Asian Community 70 years failure and APEC 10 years failure.

Here JI, there Osama. Each country cannot work together.

Maybe Malaysia UNION with Malayan, Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Singapore will be easier.
 

cleareyes

Alfrescian
Loyal
ASEAN 40 years failure, East Asian Community 70 years failure and APEC 10 years failure.

Here JI, there Osama. Each country cannot work together.

Maybe Malaysia UNION with Malayan, Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Singapore will be easier.

You do not even understand the difference between ASEAN, APEC and hell, there is no such an organisation such as East Asian Community. The major "failure" is the SEATO, which I m sure you have no idea what it stand for and what it meant to be anyway.

Malaysian UNION???? Tell that in to the face of the Sultan of Brunei and i m sure you will be out of the door of whichever hotel he is staying in Singapore.

You are a complete joke and a total disgrace. Claiming to be an NSP member? My god, its because of you, NSP will not only not grow any stronger, but will be a laughing stock to have ignorant member/supporter like you who make the party look shallow and stupid.
 

Ramseth

Alfrescian (Inf)
Asset
Perhaps he's referring the Great East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere (大東亜共栄圏), demised 1945.
 

fivestars

Alfrescian
Loyal
You do not even understand the difference between ASEAN, APEC and hell, there is no such an organisation such as East Asian Community. The major "failure" is the SEATO, which I m sure you have no idea what it stand for and what it meant to be anyway.

Malaysian UNION???? Tell that in to the face of the Sultan of Brunei and i m sure you will be out of the door of whichever hotel he is staying in Singapore.

You are a complete joke and a total disgrace. Claiming to be an NSP member? My god, its because of you, NSP will not only not grow any stronger, but will be a laughing stock to have ignorant member/supporter like you who make the party look shallow and stupid.

It is a constructive suggestion on Chiam See Tong Malaysia Union. It is not just say no no to the APEC, ASEAN and EAC. I am base on EU success compare to the Singapore future re-grouping.
 
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cleareyes

Alfrescian
Loyal
It is a constructive suggestion on Chiam See Tong Malaysia Union. It is not just say no no to the APEC, ASEAN and EAC. I am base on EU success compare to the Singapore future re-grouping.

Constructive or just plain stupid?

and do you even know what is the EU? do you undersand the factors behind the formation of the EU and how it came about?
 

fivestars

Alfrescian
Loyal
SINGAPORE: Trade ministers from 21 Asia Pacific economies will be in Singapore on July 21 and 22 to lay down the agenda ahead of the APEC Leaders' Meeting in November.

On the cards are talks on how countries should deal with the aftermath of the financial crisis to aid recovery.

Speaking ahead of the meeting on Wednesday, Singapore's Minister for Trade and Industry, Lim Hng Kiang, said world leaders need to demonstrate political will to resist domestic pressures for protectionist measures.

When leaders met in Peru last November, the world was on the brink of a global financial meltdown. During that time, APEC leaders set a target of 18 months to overcome the crisis.

Eight months on, Mr Lim said the world's economy has since stabilised, but challenges remain as more than half of the APEC member economies will see a contraction in their GDP.

The upcoming post-crisis talks will, therefore, focus on growth strategies.

Mr Lim said APEC economies, including Singapore, are unlikely to roll out a second stimulus package. What is important is to demonstrate the inclusiveness of globalisation and the positive impact it has on the lives of the average citizen.

This means fostering support for globalisation and making sure the benefits of having an open trade policy trickle down to the masses.

"We have to make sure that we have greater social resilience because if you have a better social safety net to mitigate some of the impact brought about by structural economic changes and globalisation, then I think the population is more prepared to accept continued liberalisation," said Mr Lim.

APEC is celebrating its 20th anniversary, and over the years, the grouping's work has reaped benefits not just for businesses but also for the common man.

Mr Lim said: "We subscribe to free trade, we are very open to investment flows - Singapore definitely has benefited. Our higher growth rate, compared to other countries on a similar stage of development, is testament to our free trade and open investment policies.

"Singaporeans have benefited from faster growth rate, the higher employment opportunities. Trade allows us to import things cheaper than if there were high tariffs and higher friction costs."

He added that even though Singaporeans who have lost their jobs in the economic recession may view trade flows in a negative way, they need to know that ultimately, it is important to keep Singapore's borders open for new trade and investment opportunities.

Other issues on the agenda at the ministers' meeting include a call to resist protectionist trade policies and measures to press on with regional economic integration.

APEC's 21 member economies are Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, United States of America and Vietnam.

Together, the grouping accounts for about half of the world's GDP and trade.


- CNA/so
 

fivestars

Alfrescian
Loyal
SINGAPORE: Women can take part more actively in business and trade, and still balance family commitments, said Minister of State for Community Development, Youth and Sports, Yu-Foo Yee Shoon, on Wednesday.

She added that this balance can be aided by the use of information and communications technology (ICT).

Such gender issues will be among the five topics that top women leaders from 21 economies will discuss at this year's APEC Meeting of the Women Leaders Network (WLN).

The 14th meeting of the network will be hosted by Singapore on August 4 and 5.

Speaking to reporters at a media conference on Wednesday morning, Mrs Yu-Foo said the network is a premier platform to promote the participation of women in economic and trade-related activities.

She added: "Through this platform, we get the women leaders - especially business leaders - to network, to exchange experiences and hope that from here, they can develop more trade, more business, more ICT programmes and so on for women."

As an example of how technology can enable greater female participation, the network committee has arranged for video conferencing for participants in South Korea.

Mrs Yu-Foo said this pilot initiative was based on feedback gathered from some participants last year.

"When we were in Peru (for the 13th APEC WLN meeting), sisters from other countries told us that some of them could not come because they were owners of small and medium-sized businesses or the family business," she recalled.

"They could not put their children aside to fly to Peru, so I suggested – why don't we start this teleconferencing?"

More than 400 people will be attending the two-day forum. After the meeting, the group will present a set of policy recommendations to APEC ministers and leaders to add to the APEC agenda.

Singapore will also host an APEC digital economy forum for women on August 3.


- 938LIVE/so
 

fivestars

Alfrescian
Loyal
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a forum for 21 Pacific Rim countries (styled 'member economies') to cooperate on regional trade and investment liberalisation and facilitation. APEC's objective is to enhance economic growth and prosperity in the region and to strengthen the Asia-Pacific community. Members account for approximately 40% of the world's population, approximately 54% of world GDP and about 44% of world trade.

An annual APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting, attended by the heads of government of all APEC members (with the exception of the Republic of China (ROC) which is represented under the name Chinese Taipei by a ministerial-level official at the behest of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The location of the meeting rotates annually among the member economies, and a famous tradition involves the attending Leaders dressing in a national costume of the host member.

In January 1989, Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke called for more effective economic cooperation across the Pacific Rim region. This led to the first meeting of APEC in the Australian capital Canberra in November, chaired by Australian Foreign Affairs Minister Gareth Evans. Attended by political ministers from twelve countries, the meeting concluded with commitments for future annual meetings in Singapore and South Korea.

The initial proposal was opposed by countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) which instead proposed the East Asia Economic Caucus which would exclude non-Asian countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The plan was opposed and strongly criticised by Japan and the United States.

The first APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting occurred in 1993 when US president Bill Clinton, after discussions with Australian prime minister Paul Keating, invited the heads of government from member economies to a summit on Blake Island. He believed it would help bring the stalled Uruguay Round of trade talks on track. At the meeting, some leaders called for continued reduction of barriers to trade and investment, envisioning a community in the Asia-Pacific region that might promote prosperity through cooperation. The APEC Secretariat, based in Singapore, was established to coordinate the activities of the organisation.

During the meeting in 1994 in Bogor, Indonesia, APEC Leaders adopted the Bogor Goals that aim for free and open trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific by 2010 for industrialised economies and by 2020 for developing economies. In 1995, APEC established a business advisory body named the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC), composed of three business executives from each member economy.

In 1997, the APEC meeting was held in Vancouver. Controversy arose after officers of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police used pepper spray against protesters. The protesters objected to the presence of autocratic leaders such as Indonesian president Suharto.

At the 2001 Leaders' Meeting in Shanghai, APEC leaders pushed for a new round of trade negotiations and support for a program of trade capacity-building assistance, leading to the launch of the Doha Development Agenda a few weeks later. The meeting also endorsed the Shanghai Accord proposed by the United States, emphasising the implementation of open markets, structural reform, and capacity building. As part of the accord, the meeting committed to develop and implement APEC transparency standards, reduce trade transaction costs in the Asia-Pacific region by 5 percent over 5 years, and pursue trade liberalization policies relating to information technology goods and services.

In 2003, Jemaah Islamiah leader Riduan Isamuddin had planned to attack the APEC Leaders Meeting to be held in Bangkok in October. He was captured in the city of Ayutthaya, Thailand by Thai police on August 11, 2003, before he could finish planning the attack.[citation needed] Chile became the first South American nation to host the Leaders' Meeting in 2004. The agenda of that year was focused on terrorism and commerce, small and medium enterprise development, and contemplation of free trade agreements and regional trade agreements.

The 2005 Leaders' Meeting was held in Busan, South Korea. The meeting focused on the Doha round of World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations, leading up to the WTO Ministerial Conference of 2005 held in Hong Kong in December. Weeks earlier, trade negotiations in Paris were held between several WTO members, including the United States and the European Union, centered on reducing agricultural trade barriers. APEC leaders at the summit urged the European Union to agree to reducing farm subsidies. Peaceful protests against APEC were staged in Busan, but the meeting schedule was not affected.

At the Leaders' Meeting held on November 19, 2006 in Hanoi, APEC leaders called for a new start to global free-trade negotiations while condemning terrorism and other threats to security. APEC also criticised North Korea for conducting a nuclear test and a missile test launch that year, urging the country to take "concrete and effective" steps toward nuclear disarmament. Concerns about nuclear proliferation in the region was discussed in addition to economic topics. The United States and Russia signed an agreement as part of Russia's bid to join the World Trade Organization.

The APEC Australia 2007 Leaders' Meeting was held in Sydney from 2-9 September 2007. The political leaders agreed to an "aspirational goal" of a 25% reduction of energy intensity correlative with economic development. Extreme security measures including airborne sharpshooters and extensive steel-and-concrete barricades were deployed against anticipated protesters and potential terrorists. However, protest activities were peaceful and the security envelope was penetrated with ease by a spoof diplomatic motorcade manned by members of the Australian television program The Chaser, one of whom was dressed to resemble the Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden.

APEC has been criticized for failing to clearly define itself or serve a useful purpose. According to the organisation it is "the premier forum for facilitating economic growth, cooperation, trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific region" established to "further enhance economic growth and prosperity for the region and to strengthen the Asia-Pacific community." However, whether it has accomplished anything constructive remains debatable.

Headquarters Singapore
APEC Chair Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong
Executive Director Michael Tay
Establishment 1989
Website http://www.apec.org
 

fivestars

Alfrescian
Loyal
East Asian Community (EAC) is a proposed trade bloc for the East Asia countries that may arise out of either ASEAN Plus Three or the East Asia Summit (EAS).

The idea of establishing a trade community within East Asia has had a long history. Beginning in the 1940s, Japanese occupation in East Asia was followed up by the creation of an Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere consisting of Asian nations. This idea was unsuccessful as it largely existed as an ideology to allow Japan to exploit the rest of Asia and partly instigated the Pacific theatre of World War II. However, the intention of Asian integration did not end following the Japanese defeat.

In 1990, Malaysia proposed a creation of an East Asia Economic Caucus composed of the then-members of ASEAN (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand), the Peoples' Republic of China, Japan, and South Korea. This was also a failure since it faced strong objections from Japan and the United States.

After a series of failures, ASEAN and its neighbors created another regional grouping the ASEAN Plus Three, established in 1997 and institutionalised in 1999. The significance of this grouping was demonstrated in the response to the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997. ASEAN Plus Three appeared to take the role of community building in East Asia.

In 1999, a Joint Statement on East Asia Cooperation was issued on the topic of East Asian integration by ASEAN.

In 1998, ASEAN Plus Three established The East Asian Vision Group of eminent persons which reported in 2001. In turn in 2001 the East Asian Study Group was established. In 2002, ASEAN Plus Three received the Final Report of the East Asian Study Group. This included a recommendation to establish an East Asia Summit.

As a result, the status of ASEAN Plus Three is unclear with the existence of the more recent East Asia Summit established in 2005 following this process and involving all the members of ASEAN Plus Three, together with India, Australia and New Zealand.

The shape of the East Asia Community remains something to be defined in the future. The issues being explored at this stage deal with whether there will be a Community which must be resolved prior to understanding what it will look like.

Some have linked the EAS with a future broader Asian Economic Community like the European Community. However some commentators see this an overly optimistic vision and it is plainly in the very distant future if it is to occur - the European Community has taken decades to reach its current shape, had greater early drive for its creation and more coherence between its members (ASEAN alone is composed of democracies, dictatorships, capitalist tax havens and communist states).

On any view community building is not a short term project. However after the second EAS the Indian Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh was confident that the EAS would lead to an East Asia Community. China had also apparently accepted this was the case.

If achieved the Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia (CEPEA) would be a tangible first step in the community building process. The Second EAS and Third EAS seems to have increased confidence in CEPEA but is still only a proposal.

For the moment currency union, as distinct from the Asian Development Bank proposed Asian Currency Unit, is not even being purused within ASEAN, much less the broader members of the EAS.
 

fivestars

Alfrescian
Loyal
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, commonly abbreviated ASEAN is a geo-political and economic organisation of 10 countries located in Southeast Asia, which was formed on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Since then, membership has expanded to include Brunei, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. Its aims include the acceleration of economic growth, social progress, cultural development among its members, the protection of the peace and stability of the region, and to provide opportunities for member countries to discuss differences peacefully.

The motivations for the birth of ASEAN were the desire for a stable external environment (so that its members’ governing elite could concentrate on nation building), the common fear of communism, reduced faith in or mistrust of external powers in the 1960s, as well as the aspiration for national economic development; not to mention Indonesia’s ambition to become a regional hegemon through regional cooperation and the hope on the part of Malaysia and Singapore to constrain Indonesia and bring it into a more cooperative framework. Unlike the European Union, ASEAN was designed to serve nationalism.

In the 1960s, the push for decolonisation promoted the sovereignty of Indonesia and Malaysia among others. Since nation building is often messy and vulnerable to foreign intervention, the governing elite wanted to be free to implement independent policies with the knowledge that neighbors would refrain from interfering in their domestic affairs. Territorially small members such as Singapore and Brunei were consciously fearful of force and coercive measures from much bigger neighbors like Indonesia and Malaysia. As a result, non-interference, consensus, non-use of force and non-confrontation became the key principles of the organisation.

On the surface, the process of consultations and consensus is supposed to be a democratic approach to decision making, but the ASEAN process has been managed through close interpersonal contacts among the top leaders only, who often share a reluctance to institutionalise and legalise co-operation which can undermine their regime's control over the conduct of regional co-operation.

All of these features, namely non-interference, informality, minimal institutionalisation, consultation and consensus, non-use of force and non-confrontation have constituted what is called the ASEAN Way.

Since the late 1990s, many scholars have argued that the principle of non-interference has blunted ASEAN efforts in handling the problem of Myanmar, human rights abuses and haze pollution in the region. Meanwhile, with the consensus-based approach, every member in fact has a veto and decisions are usually reduced to the lowest common denominator. There has been a widespread belief that ASEAN members should have a less rigid view on these two cardinal principles when they wish to be seen as a cohesive and relevant community.

Apart from consultations and consensus, ASEAN’s agenda-setting and decision-making processes can be usefully understood in terms of the so-called Track I and Track II. Track I refers to the practice of diplomacy among government channels. The participants stand as representatives of their respective states and reflect the official positions of their governments during negotiations and discussions. All official decisions are made in Track I. Track II on the other hand refers to diplomatic activities that are unofficial and includes participants from both government and non-government institutions such as the academic, economic communities and NGOs. This track enables governments to discuss controversial issues and test new ideas without making official statements or binding commitments, and, if necessary, backtrack on positions.

Although Track II dialogues are sometimes cited as examples of the involvement of civil society in regional decision-making process by governments and other second track actors, NGOs have rarely got access to this track, meanwhile participants from the academic community are a dozen think-tanks. However, these think-tanks are, in most cases, very much linked to their respective governments, and dependent on government funding for their academic and policy-relevant activities. Their recommendations, especially in economic integration, are often closer to ASEAN’s decisions than the rest of civil society’s positions.

The track that acts as a forum for civil society in Southeast Asia is called Track III, which is essentially people-to-people diplomacy undertaken mainly by CSOs. Track III networks claim to represent communities and people who are largely marginalised from political power centers and unable to achieve positive change without outside assistance. This track tries to influence government policies indirectly by lobbying, generating pressure through the media. Third-track actors also organise and/or attend meetings as well as conferences to get access to Track I officials.

While Track II meetings and interactions with Track I actors have increased and intensified, rarely has the rest of civil society had the opportunity to interface with Track II. Those with Track I have been even rarer. In other words, the participation of the big majority of CSOs has been excluded from ASEAN’s agenda-setting and decision-making.

The charter's aims included:

"Respect for the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of member states".
"Peaceful settlement of disputes".
"Non-interference in member states internal affairs".
"Right to live without external interference".

However, the ongoing global financial crisis was stated as being a threat to the goals envisioned by the charter and also set forth the idea of a proposed human rights body to be discussed at a future summit in February 2009. This proposition caused controversy, as the body would not have the power to impose sanctions or punish countries who violate citizens' rights and would therefore be limited in effectiveness.

Western countries have criticised ASEAN for being too soft in its approach to promoting human rights and democracy in the junta-led Myanmar. Despite global outrage at the military crack-down on peaceful protesters in Yangon, ASEAN has refused to suspend Myanmar as a member and also rejects proposals for economic sanctions. This has caused concern as the European Union, a potential trade partner, has refused to conduct free trade negotiations at a regional level for these political reasons. International observers view it as a "talk shop", which implies that the organisation is "big on words but small on action".

During the 12th ASEAN Summit in Cebu, several activist groups staged anti-globalisation and anti-Arroyo rallies. According to the activists, the agenda of economic integration would negatively affect industries in the Philippines and would cause thousands of Filipinos to lose their jobs. They also viewed the organisation as imperialistic that threatens the country's sovereignty. A human rights lawyer from New Zealand was also present to protest about the human rights situation in the region in general.

ASEAN has agreed to an ASEAN human rights body which will come into force in 2009. The Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand want this body to have an enforcement capacity, however Singapore, Vietnam, Burma, Laos and Cambodia do not.
 

fivestars

Alfrescian
Loyal
The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 27 member states, located primarily in Europe. Committed to regional integration, the EU was established by the Treaty of Maastricht on 1 November 1993 upon the foundations of the pre-existing European Economic Community. Encompassing a population of 500 million the EU generates an estimated 30% share (US$18.4 trillion in 2008) of the nominal gross world product.

The EU has developed a single market through a standardised system of laws which apply in all member states, ensuring the freedom of movement of people, goods, services and capital. It maintains common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries and regional development. A common currency, the euro, has been adopted by sixteen member states that are thus known as the Eurozone. The EU has developed a limited role in foreign policy, having representation at the WTO, G8 summits, and at the UN. It enacts legislation in justice and home affairs, including the abolition of passport controls between many member states which form part of the Schengen Area. Twenty-one EU countries are also members of NATO.

An international organisation sui generis, the EU operates through a hybrid system of supranationalism and intergovernmentalism. In certain areas it depends upon agreement between the member states; in others, supranational bodies are able to make decisions without unanimity. Important institutions and bodies of the EU include the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the European Court of Justice and the European Central Bank. The European Parliament is elected every five years by member states' citizens, to whom the citizenship of the European Union is guaranteed.

The EU traces its origins to the European Coal and Steel Community formed among six countries in 1951 and the Treaty of Rome in 1957. Since then the union has grown in size through the accession of new countries, and new policy areas have been added to the remit of the EU's institutions.
 

cleareyes

Alfrescian
Loyal
Putting up all these does not show me you understand what is ASEAN, APEC and EU. and and East Asian Community DOES NOT EXIST.

You are a perfect example of an idiot that try to show the world you are smart, only to be successful to show the world you are a bigger idiot.

Thank you so much for making NSP look bad.
 

boundThunter

Alfrescian
Loyal
Putting up all these does not show me you understand what is ASEAN, APEC and EU. and and East Asian Community DOES NOT EXIST.

You are a perfect example of an idiot that try to show the world you are smart, only to be successful to show the world you are a bigger idiot.

Thank you so much for making NSP look bad.

Since you know so much, why the fuck not share them with us ???:rolleyes:
 

cleareyes

Alfrescian
Loyal
Since you know so much, why the fuck not share them with us ???:rolleyes:

What do you care?

Are you saying that you are in agreement with what fivestar had put up thus far?

and yes, even if I do know so much, was there a point to share when logic itself has been thrown out of the window?
 
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