暂时栋 Chiam See Tong 栋到今天。不能再栋了。Tong Buay Tiao already. Emeritus Finally

[tun_dr_m]

https://sg.news.yahoo.com/amphtml/c...tively-ending-political-career-071411821.html

Chiam See Tong steps down as SPP secretary-general, effectively ending political career

Staff Writer, Singapore
17 October 2019, 7:14 AM UTC

Chiam See Tong (centre) during the 2011 general election. (FILE PHOTO: Reuters)
SINGAPORE — Chiam See Tong stepped down as secretary-general of the Singapore People’s Party (SPP) on Wednesday evening (16 October), effectively ending his career as one of the most prominent opposition politicians in Singapore.
The 84-year-old, who has been in ill health in recent years, relinquished his post during SPP’s ordinary party conference at its Sin Ming Road headquarters.
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“The Party would like to send its best wishes to Mr Chiam See Tong for his decades of service to the party and to Singapore,” SPP said In a post put up on its Facebook page on Thursday.
According to The Straits Times, Chiam’s name was not put forward during a vote for the party’s Central Executive Committee (CEC). He remains as a party member.
"Mr Chiam has given to politics for 40 years already, and I think it's time for him to have a rest. I think he has given all he can for Singaporeans," his wife Lina told reporters after the conference, which Chiam did not attend.
Long and well-respected political career
Chiam began his political career in 1976, when he first ran for Parliament, losing in the Cairnhill constituency.
He is best known as the Member of Parliament for Potong Pasir from 1984 to 2011, becoming the second opposition politician after J.B. Jeyaratnam to be voted into Parliament after Singapore’s independence.
He assumed leadership of the SPP in December 1996, after leaving his previous party, the Singapore Democratic Party. In 2001, he set up the Singapore Democratic Alliance (SDA), a group of opposition parties working under one banner to contest the general elections that year.
However, he was removed as SDA chairman in 2011 as he was unable to attend regular party meetings, after a stroke in 2008 took a toll on his health. The SPP subsequently quit the alliance.
He made a rare public appearance in August at the Chiam See Tong Sports Fund gala dinner. He was in a wheelchair and was unable to talk, but managed to shake hands with attendees, including guest-of-honour Emeritus Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong.
ESM Goh had said during the gala dinner that Chiam was a “well-meaning, decent and honest politician and Member of Parliament”.
Individual CEC positions to be decided
Lina Chiam, who is the party chairman, remains in the 12-member CEC. SPP said that individual positions within the committee will be decided following its first meeting, which has to be within three weeks.
The CEC members are: Lina Chiam, Jose Raymond, Steve Chia, Ariffin Sha, Eman Lim, Williiamson Lee, Kathleen Cheong, Ong Ming Hui, Yong Seng Fatt, Shahir Shahfie, Ng Theng Lim and Jalil Wari.
“We are confident that the renewed party leadership will uphold the Party motto of 'Service Before Self', and always have the best interests of Singapore and Singaporeans at heart,” SPP said in its Facebook post.
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[GUDANGARAM]

do u think his wife will steal eat?

 

[Hypocrite-The]

All eyes on SPP’s Jose Raymond in Potong Pasir
Terry Xu 2019-11-09 Opinion, Politics


One month ago, Mr Jose Raymond was just an ordinary member of the Singapore People’s Party (SPP).
And he barely made the cut for the Central Executive Committee (CEC) of the SPP, and only made it after a face-off with Fazli Talip, a 2011 Workers Party candidate and a serving CEC member of the SPP.
But on 5 November at the SPP’s election for office bearers, Mr Raymond was elected as chairman of the SPP, replacing long-serving chairman Mrs Lina Chiam. Many thought Mrs Chiam would stay on in the position as she made no indication that she would after the CEC was elected.
Mrs Chiam remains as an ordinary CEC member with the title of Immediate Past Chairman, according to the statement posted by the SPP on its Facebook page.


While eyes were on former Non-Constituency Member of Parliament, Steve Chia who was named as the successor to Mr Chiam See Tong, it may be worth noting that the 47-year-old’s entry into politics has been much more eye-catching than the new SPP Secretary-General.
Prior to stepping into the opposition political arena, Mr Raymond had been serving as the press secretary of People’s Action Party candidate and current Foreign Minister, Dr Vivian Balakrishnan for the General Election 2011 and 2015. But despite the 70% victory by PAP in the 2015 GE, he made the “illogical” move to distance away from the ruling party.
In a Facebook post after his appointment as Chairman, the Chief Strategy Officer of a communications and strategy firm again brought up how his intent was to pay it forward for the kindness shown by Mr Chiam towards his family in 1990.
He said, “This is an emotional moment for me…”,”…I never imagined that this day would ever come, to be named as Chairman of the Singapore People’s Party, to continue to work and legacy of Mr Chiam See Tong.“
Earlier in 2016, Mr Raymond revealed how Mr Chiam had helped put a roof over the heads of his family when his father needed help back in the late eighties after retiring from the police force and not being able to hold down a job.

He wrote, ” I will never forget how Mr Chiam helped us when we needed it most, and unconditionally at that. You have been an inspiration to me, and I will continue to pay it forward.”
In previous posts, he had also shared how he was at the Westlake Secondary School counting centre in 1984, when Mr Chiam was announced as the elected MP for Potong Pasir.
And true enough to his words, Mr Raymond, a recent Masters graduate of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy has been able to strike up a formidable ground presence in Potong Pasir since he emerged as a member of SPP to do the groundwork in Potong Pasir in 2017.
Since then, the SPP’s presence on the ground has been heightened through block visits, and events such as the Mid-Autumn Festival and mini-home parties.

Other than organising events, Mr Raymond has started a befrienders programme in the estate called Potong Pasir Sayang and also put together a panel of lawyers to support the needs of the residents in the estate who have sought legal advice from him.
In his post announcing the formation of the programme, Mr Ramond said that “as a result of our outreach and engagement, we are proud to announce the start of our very own befrienders programme called “Potong Pasir Sayang” which aims to provide support and be in constant touch with the elderly in the estate who either live alone or with a caregiver.”

These are not the only things that Mr Raymond has done. He has been vocal publicly on issues concerning residents and also written to various agencies to help individual residents in resolving problems.
An example out of many others, Mr Raymond voiced out for a resident who was denied job opportunities due to his past conviction. After the matter was raised up in public, the resident got a job offer which he accepted.
Following his appointment as Chairman of the SPP, Mr Raymond said “We have a lot of work ahead of us, as a collective leadership. It is immaterial what positions we hold within the party, and we must always work together as a team.
“It is our duty and responsibility to carry on the work of Mr and Mrs Chiam and the values of the SPP – of being loyal to the country, of bringing good policy ideas to the table, to help people in need, to be their voices, and to always be their ray of hope.”

Source: Jose Raymond/Facebook
Apart from his ground and political work in Potong Pasir, Mr Raymond is a founding vice-chairman of the Chiam See Tong Sports Fund, a charity which was started in 2017 to assist athletes in need of support and also the current Vice-President of Flash Athletics Club.
An obvious rising star of the SPP, it will be an interesting showdown between Mr Raymond and the incumbent MP for Potong Pasir, Mr Sitoh Yih Pin. Based on TOC’s observation, Mr Sitoh has stepped up his social media outreach in recent months. Prior to that, Mr Sitoh had only been posting on his Facebook page around twice a month. (In comparison, Mr Raymond has 56k fans on his Facebook page while Mr Sitoh’s Facebook page has 2.1k fans as of the time that this article is written.)
But it remains to be seen if Potong Pasir will remain as a Single-Member Constituency in the upcoming General Election as ground sentiments for the PAP do not bode well for them, particularly in this hotly-contested seat.

All eyes on SPP’s Jose Raymond in Potong Pasir ​

Terry Xu 2019-11-09 Opinion, Politics
One month ago, Mr Jose Raymond was just an ordinary member of the Singapore People’s Party (SPP).
And he barely made the cut for the Central Executive Committee (CEC) of the SPP, and only made it after a face-off with Fazli Talip, a 2011 Workers Party candidate and a serving CEC member of the SPP.
But on 5 November at the SPP’s election for office bearers, Mr Raymond was elected as chairman of the SPP, replacing long-serving chairman Mrs Lina Chiam. Many thought Mrs Chiam would stay on in the position as she made no indication that she would after the CEC was elected.
Mrs Chiam remains as an ordinary CEC member with the title of Immediate Past Chairman, according to the statement posted by the SPP on its Facebook page.
While eyes were on former Non-Constituency Member of Parliament, Steve Chia who was named as the successor to Mr Chiam See Tong, it may be worth noting that the 47-year-old’s entry into politics has been much more eye-catching than the new SPP Secretary-General.
Prior to stepping into the opposition political arena, Mr Raymond had been serving as the press secretary of People’s Action Party candidate and current Foreign Minister, Dr Vivian Balakrishnan for the General Election 2011 and 2015. But despite the 70% victory by PAP in the 2015 GE, he made the “illogical” move to distance away from the ruling party.
In a Facebook post after his appointment as Chairman, the Chief Strategy Officer of a communications and strategy firm again brought up how his intent was to pay it forward for the kindness shown by Mr Chiam towards his family in 1990.
He said, “This is an emotional moment for me…”,”…I never imagined that this day would ever come, to be named as Chairman of the Singapore People’s Party, to continue to work and legacy of Mr Chiam See Tong.“
Earlier in 2016, Mr Raymond revealed how Mr Chiam had helped put a roof over the heads of his family when his father needed help back in the late eighties after retiring from the police force and not being able to hold down a job.
He wrote, ” I will never forget how Mr Chiam helped us when we needed it most, and unconditionally at that. You have been an inspiration to me, and I will continue to pay it forward.”
In previous posts, he had also shared how he was at the Westlake Secondary School counting centre in 1984, when Mr Chiam was announced as the elected MP for Potong Pasir.
And true enough to his words, Mr Raymond, a recent Masters graduate of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy has been able to strike up a formidable ground presence in Potong Pasir since he emerged as a member of SPP to do the groundwork in Potong Pasir in 2017.
Since then, the SPP’s presence on the ground has been heightened through block visits, and events such as the Mid-Autumn Festival and mini-home parties.

Other than organising events, Mr Raymond has started a befrienders programme in the estate called Potong Pasir Sayang and also put together a panel of lawyers to support the needs of the residents in the estate who have sought legal advice from him.
In his post announcing the formation of the programme, Mr Ramond said that “as a result of our outreach and engagement, we are proud to announce the start of our very own befrienders programme called “Potong Pasir Sayang” which aims to provide support and be in constant touch with the elderly in the estate who either live alone or with a caregiver.”

These are not the only things that Mr Raymond has done. He has been vocal publicly on issues concerning residents and also written to various agencies to help individual residents in resolving problems.
An example out of many others, Mr Raymond voiced out for a resident who was denied job opportunities due to his past conviction. After the matter was raised up in public, the resident got a job offer which he accepted.
Following his appointment as Chairman of the SPP, Mr Raymond said “We have a lot of work ahead of us, as a collective leadership. It is immaterial what positions we hold within the party, and we must always work together as a team.
“It is our duty and responsibility to carry on the work of Mr and Mrs Chiam and the values of the SPP – of being loyal to the country, of bringing good policy ideas to the table, to help people in need, to be their voices, and to always be their ray of hope.”

Source: Jose Raymond/Facebook​

Apart from his ground and political work in Potong Pasir, Mr Raymond is a founding vice-chairman of the Chiam See Tong Sports Fund, a charity which was started in 2017 to assist athletes in need of support and also the current Vice-President of Flash Athletics Club.
An obvious rising star of the SPP, it will be an interesting showdown between Mr Raymond and the incumbent MP for Potong Pasir, Mr Sitoh Yih Pin. Based on TOC’s observation, Mr Sitoh has stepped up his social media outreach in recent months. Prior to that, Mr Sitoh had only been posting on his Facebook page around twice a month. (In comparison, Mr Raymond has 56k fans on his Facebook page while Mr Sitoh’s Facebook page has 2.1k fans as of the time that this article is written.)
But it remains to be seen if Potong Pasir will remain as a Single-Member Constituency in the upcoming General Election as ground sentiments for the PAP do not bode well for them, particularly in this hotly-contested seat.​

 

[bobby]

Chiam will well be remembered as the person that created GRCs......

 

[rotiprata]

Chiam will well be remembered as the person that created GRCs......

.... bcos LKY felt threatened.... you may also as well blamed CST for what happened to TCW..

 

[whoami]

CST...cmi. Pale in comparisson to JBJ.

 

[Baccara77]

I was expecting an AMDK when I saw the headlines - Jose Raymond. KNN.

 

[Hypocrite-The]

CST worst mistake was letting Lina contest PP in the 2011 erections. Tat resulted in PP being lost to the pap

 

[Hypocrite-The]

Potong Pasir all set for Jose Raymond vs Sitoh Yih Pin battle - The Online Citizen
The Online Citizen
Two years after TOC first wrote about the possibility of a fierce fight in the making in Potong Pasir SMC, it does look like the area will end up becoming one of the hotspots in the next General Elections.

While there were changes to the boundaries after the release of the Electoral Boundaries Review Committee report — the blocks in Toa Payoh Lorong 8 have paved the way for a group of blocks from Joo Seng – Potong Pasir will surely end up becoming one of the areas where political pundits and the neutral observer will have their eyes fixated at during the upcoming General Elections (GE).

While there was constant speculation that the area would disappear after the boundaries review, that it did not materialise also confounded political watchers, especially with changes to Sengkang West, Fengshan and Punggol East SMCs.

The upcoming GE will be historic for Potong Pasir in quite a few ways.

For one, the upcoming GE will see a changing of the guard and the name on the ballot for the alternative party will not be a Chiam.

Since a 1979 by election and the 1980 GE, the People’s Action Party had been challenged by Mr Chiam See Tong (1979, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1991, 1997, 2001, 2006) and his wife Mrs Lina Chiam (2011 and 2015), first as an independent, part of the Singapore Democratic Party and then the Singapore Democratic Alliance and then Singapore People’s Party.

When Mr Chiam left his stronghold to lead a team to the Bishan-Toa Payoh GRC in 2011, Mrs Chiam lost by a narrow margin of 114 votes, securing 49.6 per cent of the votes in the GE2011.

But the margin was extended in the GE2015 when Mrs Chiam garnered just 33.6 per cent of the votes, a paltry and poor return.

In 2017, the party started its groundwork in Potong Pasir with Mr Jose leading the charge.

Since then, there were numerous reports of his work on the ground which have been reported in the media.

For example, his assistance of Eugene Png, a wheelchair-bound resident of Potong Pasir in getting back to the swimming pool was reported in TODAY.

The resident went on to represent Singapore in a para-swimming championships held at the OCBC Aquatic Centre in 2019.

He also challenged the authorities who labelled a Potong Pasir ex-offender as “not fit and proper” and sought assistance for a group of visually handicapped residents in Toa Payoh who had their application for aid rejected.

It has been reported that Mr Jose’s lawyers are currently assisting a resident of Potong Pasir in their legal claim against the contractors who are involved in the estate upgrading after an accident left an elderly paralysed from the neck down.

Which is why when the Singapore People’s Party announced on 14 March that its candidate for Potong Pasir will be its Chairman Mr Jose Raymond, it was not unexpected.

A recent Master of Public Administration graduate from the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, Mr Jose was also an award-winning senior correspondent with Mediacorp and a former senior public servant and has served in multiple social sector agencies including as Vice-President of the Singapore Swimming Association (2014 – 2018).

Since the appearance of Potong Pasir SMC as a contested area at elections in 1968, two of its MPs have been minorities. In 1968, the People’s Action Party’s Sellappa Ramasamy was the area’s first MP.

Then Ivan Cuthbert Baptist served two terms as the PAP MP for the area before Howe Yoon Chong’s win’s in 1979 (by-election) and at the 1980 General Election. Mr Chiam won the ward in a straight fight against the PAP’s Mah Bow Tan in 1984.

So far, Mr Jose has not made any statement about the SPP’s announcement of the possibility of his first-time candidacy.

However, in a Facebook post made on 19 March, he shared that he had started reaching out to the households in Joo Seng, after the redrawing of the boundaries to include blocks in Joo Seng which were under Marine Parade GRC to Potong Pasir SMC.

In response to TOC, he said, “Our work in Potong Pasir SMC has to continue, with safe distancing, given the current situation surrounding the COVID-19. With about 5,000-odd voters added to Potong Pasir SMC, we need to reach out to get to know as many people as possible in a short period, while maintaining our friendships in the heart of Potong Pasir.”

When asked if he expects the GE to be called soon, he said, “That’s not within my control but the GE needs to be called by April 2021. What is within my control is ensuring that we reach out to as many people as possible, and to keep helping as many as we can along the way. That has always been my intent.”

Apart from Potong Pasir, the Singapore People’s Party has announced that it will be sending candidates to Bishan-Toa Payoh GRC, Mountbatten SMC and Marymount SMC.

However, Progress Singapore Party — headed by veteren politician and former People’s Action Party MP, Dr Tan Cheng Bock — has also voiced its intention to contest Bishan-Toa Payoh GRC and Marymount. This means that the two parties have to sort this out if a three-corner fight is to be avoided.

Share this:

 

[Bad New Brown]

Will we see a 3 or 4 corners fight this time ?

 

[Hypocrite-The]

Unacceptable for "self-appointed vigilantes" to harangue seniors and delivery riders about not wearing masks: SPP's Jose Raymond - The Online Citizen
Jose Raymond (Image: Today Online)
Jose Raymond (Image: Today Online)

It is unacceptable for “self-appointed vigilantes” to harangue certain people such as delivery riders and the elderly about wearing face masks, said Singapore People’s Party (SPP) chairman Jose Raymond.

Mr Jose in a Facebook post on Fri (17 Apr) said that taking photos and videos to shame people who aren’t wearing masks, in addition to using “extremely harsh tones and language”, falls on the verge of harassment.

While he does not condone “the irresponsible acts” of those who purposely flout the mask-wearing requirement in public, Mr Jose highlight that seniors in particular “may have issues either with staying in their respective homes, or could also be affected by dementia or other personal issues”.

“What we need to do is help them, and understand why they aren’t wearing a mask, or why they aren’t able to stay home, or why they are loitering about,” he said.

Mr Jose also noted that the said “self-appointed national vigilantes” have also been disturbing some delivery riders who have their meals in designated areas or approved areas.

Such acts should not be encouraged, he stressed, similar to how it is unacceptable for members of the public who abuse safe distancing ambassadors or police officers who are simply doing their jobs.

Mr Jose said that members of the public engaging in such acts should bear in mind that “not everyone is able to keep up with how the policies are being rolled one after one, day after day”.

Further, those who do not don masks in public may not have been able “to pick up their masks” or might not be “aware that there was a mask collection exercise to begin with”, he added.

“Some aren’t even aware that we had changed our policy on face masks,” said Mr Jose, adding that not everyone “has the benefit of access to news information” online or to stay in touch “with their usual coffeeshop kakis to even know what’s the new policy of the day”.

He added that apps such as OneServiceApp which encourage citizens to report other citizens “only turn citizens against each other in times of a crisis”.

“This is incongruous with our values of Social Defence, a pillar of our Total Defence strategy and is an antithesis to #SGUnited,” said Mr Jose.

“If members of the public have a sense of anger at how we are managing this crisis, then direct the unhappiness at the people in charge. Not at your fellow citizens,” he urged.

Shaming and reporting certain people who do not wear masks in public leads to community decay “rather than its cooperation & solidarity”: Singapore politics and history Twitter account @ikansumbat
@ikansumbat, a Twitter account producing commentaries on Singapore politics and history, highlighted several problems with the act of shaming and reporting certain people who do not wear masks in public.

The act of “snitching”, according to @ikansumbat, leads to “the decay of community, rather than its cooperation & solidarity” by instilling fear and mass suspicion among its members.

Such acts also often disproportionately affect disempowered communities in Singapore, such as racial minorities, working-class persons of all races, and even migrants — particularly “brown” migrants such as those of South Asian descent, said @ikansumbat.


“In S’pore, where the Chinese upper & middle classes reign supreme, we must expect snitches to target racial minorities, the working class, and migrants.

“And since the PAP government has shamefully pushed a “two separate infections” narrative, we must prepare ourselves for the continued harassment of South Asian folks,” warned @ikansumbat.

Local actor Prakash Arasu drew attention to one of such videos online through his critique of the “vigilante” threatening “a pitiful old man with a fine”.

“There are proper ways to educate someone especially the senior citizens despite their NATIONALITY. Unethical behaviour,” he tweeted on Thu (16 Apr) using the handle @PrakashGreen.

In the video, an unidentified man behind the camera can be heard asking the senior if he wanted to be issued a S$300 fine for not wearing a mask while walking, even going so far as to ask the man if he is “educated”.

Far from the intended purpose of such videos, the footage sparked the anger of many, who chastised the unidentified man for speaking to a senior in such a manner.


User @stnrdiyana tweeted that another video of a similar nature has surfaced recently, and pointed out the absurdity of “threatening another couple to send the recorded video to the police” for simply walking after exercising.


The Government made the wearing of masks when leaving the house mandatory on Tue (14 Apr).

“The minute you leave your room, or you leave your house, you have to wear a mask when you go out,” said National Development Minister Lawrence Wong at a press conference by the multi-ministry taskforce on COVID-19 on Tue.

Mr Wong warned that those found flouting the requirement the first time will be subject to a S$300 fine.

A second offence will carry a fine of S$1,000. Egregious cases will be prosecuted in court, he added.

Foreigners residing in Singapore on permanent resident status or work passes will also have their status or passes revoked should they violate the new rule.

The requirement, however, is subject to certain exceptions.

Children below the age of two will be subject to the requirement, in line with medical experts’ recommendations on child safety, he said.

As for adults, only those who are engaging in strenuous exercises such as running and jogging do not have to wear a mask. They will, however, be required to put it on once they stop exercising.

 

[Nice-Gook]

CST...cmi. Pale in comparisson to JBJ.

JBJ comes from the old school of politics ...where not only they debate with fury and fire backed by their unshakable philosophy ...JBJ is an excellent lawyer too...use to meet him in the lifts in what than was called Anson building where he and his mat salleh wife had their office ...much later once saw JBJ in an unpressed shirt along Marine Parade ,where I was told ,he was living in a 1 room rental flat...that's what politics and holding on to your principals can do to you

Chiam on the other hand came with a gentler disposition...not only that it does not work in politics but chiam himself is quite a lousy adminostrator..like if put in charge of an MNC ,he would be sacked in months...you see ,in politics and managing large corporations ...yourself need not be a know all chap but the abolity to lead people who knows a lot more than you and and atill respect you givea you the cutting edge...that's where LKY excelled ...chiam should have kept Chee and grown further

chiam and Low of Worker's party were able to survive simply because of LKY grace...by grace I do mean LKY political maturity ...west would not accept a democracy without patrician politicians ..LKY needed that to play to the gallery..Chiam and Low came very handy for the sake of tokenism.

in any respect ,if opposotion comes to power in sinkieland ...it would worry me a lot more

 

[Hypocrite-The]

Save lives and not save costs, says SPP Chairman Jose Raymond - The Online Citizen
The Online Citizen
In response to a series of photos which have been posted online showing the packed cabins in trains after the Land Transport Authority’s (LTA) announcement on 14 April that it was adjusting bus and train schedules, the Chairman of the Singapore People’s Party Jose Raymond has made an online plea asking that the authorities “help save lives” and not save costs.

In a Facebook post put up on Saturday, the SPP’s candidate for Potong Pasir SMC said, “The immediate aim for everyone should be to SAVE LIVES and not just SAVE COSTS.”

He added that “longer intervals lead to crowding, and the risk of new clusters being formed in the community.

“Despite putting up safe distancing stickers on seats and on the floor panels of the trains, these were not adhered to as people were having to endure longer wait times.”

In a news release on 14 April, the LTA stated that as there had been a significant drop in riderships, there would be adjustments to both train and bus schedules.

The LTA added that the operators would “ensure that there is sufficient space for commuters to maintain safe distancing from one another” and that the “adjustments will help to mitigate the significant financial impact caused by the reduced riderships, and help keep public transport operations financially sustainable.”

Mr Jose added in his post that “as our healthcare workers in the frontlines help to heal, we cannot afford to drop the ball in other areas which will end up creating new battlefronts for out frontliners.”

Coincidentally, the Chairman of the Government Parliamentary Committee for Transport is Sitoh Yin Pin, the current Member of Parliament for Potong Pasir.


He has not commented on the move by the LTA at all.

However, in a Facebook post put up by Khaw Boon Wan at 1.56pm on 18 April, the Transport Minister asked the LTA to “err on the side of generosity.”

He added that the priority should be safe distancing and ensuring “essential workers can reach their work places safely and punctually.”