Macular Degeneration is caused by consistent or pro-longed exposure to outdoor sunlight. Blue-light from your screen-devices are not as high. Some spectacles claim to protect against Blue-Light and Macular Degeneration but their level of protection are often very low. Higher blue-light protection means that your lens-color should be dark brown.
Cataracts is come with age. Because we live longer, we will get it. It's ok, just remove it and explore "value-added" services that your doc can offer when u remove your cataracts. If you smoke, maybe as early as 40s, u need to remove cataracts.
If Diabetic Retinopathy is detected in 40-50s, probably it's because you are fat or diabetic like Chase. If it is detected after mid-50s, it comes with age, don't blame yourself, because your body's capability to produce insulin starts to go haywire.
Glaucoma is nerve damage of your eyes. Can be caused by anything.