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Man need to be nuked to rid 99% or more of it's total population level to save planet earth from Total Extinction caused by foolish man. This is proven by science now. Man is most drastically misled by toxic values of modern civilization, squandering enormous amount of planet earth's resources to pamper and over-popullated itself, ruined whole planet until it face Total Extinction of lives. Resources are all turned into wastes and toxins by man abusing science and technology and engineering. The destructions are irreversible and not expected to find any remedies.
https://news.mongabay.com/2018/05/biomass-study-finds-people-are-wiping-out-wild-mammals/
Biomass study finds people are wiping out wild mammals
by Mongabay.com on 28 May 2018
“It is definitely striking, our disproportionate place on Earth,” Ron Milo, an environmental scientist at Israel’s Weizmann Institute of Science, told the Guardian newspaper.
Milo and his colleagues mined previous studies for estimates of the total mass of carbon found in each group of organisms on Earth as a way to measure relative biomass. They published their results May 21 in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
A spiny-tailed iguana in Panama. Image by Rhett A. Butler/Mongabay.
Previous assessments aimed at uncovering the distribution of life have examined the number of species present. Others have looked at the weights of organisms minus the water that they contain, known as “dry weight.” But until now, no one had pulled together a biosphere-wide census of the distribution of biomass based on carbon, the element central to all living things, and it’s yielded new revelations into both the makeup of life on the planet and our role in shaping it.
By far, the biomass heavyweights are the plants, housing some 450 gigatons of the 550 gigatons of carbon found in all life on Earth, the team found. They also calculated that humans hold just a hundredth of a percent of that carbon. But that tiny fraction does little to indicate how much we’ve shaped our environment.
For example, by pulling animals into our orbit since the advent of domestication, humans have skewed the breakdown of species. Today, wild mammals account for just over 4 percent of mammal biomass on Earth. In contrast, the biomass of livestock, the bulk of which are cattle and pigs, is more than 14 times the biomass of their wild cousins.
“When I do a puzzle with my daughters, there is usually an elephant next to a giraffe next to a rhino,” Milo said in the Guardian article. “But if I was trying to give them a more realistic sense of the world, it would be a cow next to a cow next to a cow and then a chicken.”
Ubiquitous bacteria account for 15 percent of the world’s biomass. But other groups with reputations for widespread dominance, like the million or so species that make up the class of arthropods we call insects, hold a “minuscule” proportion of carbon, the researchers found.
Elephants at a water hole in South Africa. Image by Rhett A. Butler/Mongabay.
Also surprising is the fraction of biomass found on the land compared to the world’s oceans. Despite covering nearly three-quarters of the Earth’s surface, the world’s oceans contain just a fraction — about 1.2 percent — of the biomass found on land.
In both environments, though, humans have made a big impression in our relatively brief 200,000 years on this planet. The biomass of wild land mammals is down by 85 percent since the last great extinction of large animals began about 50,000 years ago, the authors write. And whaling and other types of hunting have curbed the biomass of ocean-going mammals by about 80 percent in the same time frame.
“Humans have culled, and in some cases eradicated, wild mammals for food or pleasure in virtually all continents,” Rutgers University biological oceanographer Paul Falkowski, who wasn’t involved in the research, told the Guardian.
The study’s conclusions demonstrate that “humans are extremely efficient in exploiting natural resources,” Falkowski added.
Banner image of cattle in Colombia by Rhett A. Butler/Mongabay.
Citation
Bar-On, Y. M., Phillips, R., & Milo, R. (2018). The biomass distribution on Earth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 201711842.
FEEDBACK: Use this form to send a message to the author of this post. If you want to post a public comment, you can do that at the bottom of the page.
https://qz.com/1290434/human-compri...ponsible-for-killing-nearly-all-wild-mammals/
Human comprise just 0.01% of the total weight of life on Earth, but have destroyed far more
We're small, but still crowding everything else out. (Reuters/Marko Djurica)
Share
Written by
Elijah Wolfson
May 27, 2018
If you’re the type of person who thinks about the expanse of the universe and starts to sweat, turn away now. If you’re the type who draws comfort from the insignificance of humanity, here’s a chart to keep at hand for whenever you’re struggling to fall asleep, and need something to soothe you into slumber.
A study published last week in PNAS attempted to take a biomass census of the entire Earth. It found that the entirety of life comprised some 550 gigatons of carbon (Gt C), and basically, it’s all plants.
The study broke down the planet’s life forms into a fairly rough set of categories. Some are at the kingdom level (animals, fungi, archaea, etc.) while others are more fine-toothed (like marine invertebrates, and livestock). Also, they included viruses, which are not actually living, but do behave like living things.
The results show that plants comprise about 450 GT C, bacteria account for 70 GT C, fungi make up 12 GT C, archaea (a type of single-cell organism) are 7 GT C, and protists (a group that includes algae) are 4 GT C.
What about humans? Well, all animals—land, sea, and air; vertebrate and non—make up 2 GT C. Humans are a measly 0.06 GT C, less than roundworms, mollusks, and pretty much everything else alive. Another way to see it: humans account for just 0.01% of carbon weight on Earth.
You might be wondering, “why carbon?” After all, it’s not what anyone uses to weigh things in the real world. The study authors say they thought through other options, but went with carbon mass because one, it’s independent of water content (so thus less variable) and, two, it’s what the literature in the past has used, for the most part. The researchers dug through that literature to find biomass samples from a number of different locations around the world, representing all sorts of environments. Then, they figured out the global distribution of these various environments, and used that to come up with an estimate for all of planet Earth.
So, of course, this is inexact. But it does offer a powerful perspective about our position on the planet. One other finding of this study worthy of additional pondering: The biomass of livestock far surpasses that of wild mammals; same goes for domesticated vs. wild birds. In fact, if you combine humans and livestock, it becomes a group that outweighs all other non-fish vertebrates combined. In other words, we make up just a tiny portion of life on Earth, but we’re punching way above our weight. And not in a good way.
The study estimates that since human civilization began, the planet has lost 83% of its wild mammals, 80% of its marine mammals, 50% of plant life, and 15% of its fish. Welcome to the anthropocene.
All the books Bill Gates has recommended over the last eight years
https://www.popularmechanics.com/sc...-make-up-teeny-tiny-percentage-earth-biomass/
Humans Make Up a Teeny-Tiny Percentage of the Earth's Biomass
Humans occupy 1/10,000th of the Earth's carbon mass, but our impact on the world is huge.
By Laura Yan
May 28, 2018
Getty Images
According to a new survey of the Earth’s biomass, plants make up 80 percent of all carbon stored in living creatures. Bacteria make up 13 percent, and fungus comes third at 2 percent. And as for humans? All 7.6 billion of us account for just one ten thousandth (1/10,000th) of the biomass on Earth.
“The fact that the biomass of fungi exceeds that of all animals’ sort of puts us in our place,” Harvard evolutionary biologist James Hanken told AP News. Despite our relatively tiny stake on Earth, humans have had a massive effect on its fellow creatures. Since civilization began, according to the study, which was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, since civilization, humans have cut the total weight of plants by half and wild mammals by 85 percent.
Domesticated animals now outweigh wild mammals by 14 to 1, and chickens are triple the weight of all of wild birds. Scientists spent three years combing through earlier research that surveyed at biomass for different types of life to determine the latest results. They factored in environmental issues like climate, geography to come up with the new numbers. Their ultimate goal, according to Science magazine, wasn’t to figure out how much life weighs, but to discover the most abundant protein on the planet.
While researchers still trying to resolve that question, what’s less difficult to resolve is how much of an impact humanity has on the world. Maybe children’s books should feature fewer lions and elephants and tigers, and a more honest representation of animals on earth: “a cow next to another cow, next to another cow next to a chicken,” lead author of the study, Ron Milo told AP News.
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https://news.mongabay.com/2018/05/biomass-study-finds-people-are-wiping-out-wild-mammals/
Biomass study finds people are wiping out wild mammals
by Mongabay.com on 28 May 2018
- A team of scientists mined previous studies for estimates of the total mass of carbon found in each group of organisms on Earth as a way to measure relative biomass.
- Plants house some 450 gigatons of the 550 gigatons — or about 80 percent — of the carbon found in all of Earth’s life-forms, the team found, and bacteria account for another 15 percent.
- Humans represent just a hundredth of a percent of the Earth’s biomass, but we’ve driven down the biomass of land animals by 85 percent and marine mammals by about 80 percent since the beginning of the last major extinction about 50,000 years ago.
“It is definitely striking, our disproportionate place on Earth,” Ron Milo, an environmental scientist at Israel’s Weizmann Institute of Science, told the Guardian newspaper.
Milo and his colleagues mined previous studies for estimates of the total mass of carbon found in each group of organisms on Earth as a way to measure relative biomass. They published their results May 21 in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
A spiny-tailed iguana in Panama. Image by Rhett A. Butler/Mongabay.
Previous assessments aimed at uncovering the distribution of life have examined the number of species present. Others have looked at the weights of organisms minus the water that they contain, known as “dry weight.” But until now, no one had pulled together a biosphere-wide census of the distribution of biomass based on carbon, the element central to all living things, and it’s yielded new revelations into both the makeup of life on the planet and our role in shaping it.
By far, the biomass heavyweights are the plants, housing some 450 gigatons of the 550 gigatons of carbon found in all life on Earth, the team found. They also calculated that humans hold just a hundredth of a percent of that carbon. But that tiny fraction does little to indicate how much we’ve shaped our environment.
For example, by pulling animals into our orbit since the advent of domestication, humans have skewed the breakdown of species. Today, wild mammals account for just over 4 percent of mammal biomass on Earth. In contrast, the biomass of livestock, the bulk of which are cattle and pigs, is more than 14 times the biomass of their wild cousins.
“When I do a puzzle with my daughters, there is usually an elephant next to a giraffe next to a rhino,” Milo said in the Guardian article. “But if I was trying to give them a more realistic sense of the world, it would be a cow next to a cow next to a cow and then a chicken.”
Ubiquitous bacteria account for 15 percent of the world’s biomass. But other groups with reputations for widespread dominance, like the million or so species that make up the class of arthropods we call insects, hold a “minuscule” proportion of carbon, the researchers found.
Elephants at a water hole in South Africa. Image by Rhett A. Butler/Mongabay.
Also surprising is the fraction of biomass found on the land compared to the world’s oceans. Despite covering nearly three-quarters of the Earth’s surface, the world’s oceans contain just a fraction — about 1.2 percent — of the biomass found on land.
In both environments, though, humans have made a big impression in our relatively brief 200,000 years on this planet. The biomass of wild land mammals is down by 85 percent since the last great extinction of large animals began about 50,000 years ago, the authors write. And whaling and other types of hunting have curbed the biomass of ocean-going mammals by about 80 percent in the same time frame.
“Humans have culled, and in some cases eradicated, wild mammals for food or pleasure in virtually all continents,” Rutgers University biological oceanographer Paul Falkowski, who wasn’t involved in the research, told the Guardian.
The study’s conclusions demonstrate that “humans are extremely efficient in exploiting natural resources,” Falkowski added.
Banner image of cattle in Colombia by Rhett A. Butler/Mongabay.
Citation
Bar-On, Y. M., Phillips, R., & Milo, R. (2018). The biomass distribution on Earth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 201711842.
FEEDBACK: Use this form to send a message to the author of this post. If you want to post a public comment, you can do that at the bottom of the page.
https://qz.com/1290434/human-compri...ponsible-for-killing-nearly-all-wild-mammals/
Human comprise just 0.01% of the total weight of life on Earth, but have destroyed far more
We're small, but still crowding everything else out. (Reuters/Marko Djurica)
Share
Written by
Elijah Wolfson
May 27, 2018
If you’re the type of person who thinks about the expanse of the universe and starts to sweat, turn away now. If you’re the type who draws comfort from the insignificance of humanity, here’s a chart to keep at hand for whenever you’re struggling to fall asleep, and need something to soothe you into slumber.
A study published last week in PNAS attempted to take a biomass census of the entire Earth. It found that the entirety of life comprised some 550 gigatons of carbon (Gt C), and basically, it’s all plants.
The study broke down the planet’s life forms into a fairly rough set of categories. Some are at the kingdom level (animals, fungi, archaea, etc.) while others are more fine-toothed (like marine invertebrates, and livestock). Also, they included viruses, which are not actually living, but do behave like living things.
The results show that plants comprise about 450 GT C, bacteria account for 70 GT C, fungi make up 12 GT C, archaea (a type of single-cell organism) are 7 GT C, and protists (a group that includes algae) are 4 GT C.
What about humans? Well, all animals—land, sea, and air; vertebrate and non—make up 2 GT C. Humans are a measly 0.06 GT C, less than roundworms, mollusks, and pretty much everything else alive. Another way to see it: humans account for just 0.01% of carbon weight on Earth.
You might be wondering, “why carbon?” After all, it’s not what anyone uses to weigh things in the real world. The study authors say they thought through other options, but went with carbon mass because one, it’s independent of water content (so thus less variable) and, two, it’s what the literature in the past has used, for the most part. The researchers dug through that literature to find biomass samples from a number of different locations around the world, representing all sorts of environments. Then, they figured out the global distribution of these various environments, and used that to come up with an estimate for all of planet Earth.
So, of course, this is inexact. But it does offer a powerful perspective about our position on the planet. One other finding of this study worthy of additional pondering: The biomass of livestock far surpasses that of wild mammals; same goes for domesticated vs. wild birds. In fact, if you combine humans and livestock, it becomes a group that outweighs all other non-fish vertebrates combined. In other words, we make up just a tiny portion of life on Earth, but we’re punching way above our weight. And not in a good way.
The study estimates that since human civilization began, the planet has lost 83% of its wild mammals, 80% of its marine mammals, 50% of plant life, and 15% of its fish. Welcome to the anthropocene.
All the books Bill Gates has recommended over the last eight years
https://www.popularmechanics.com/sc...-make-up-teeny-tiny-percentage-earth-biomass/
Humans Make Up a Teeny-Tiny Percentage of the Earth's Biomass
Humans occupy 1/10,000th of the Earth's carbon mass, but our impact on the world is huge.
By Laura Yan
May 28, 2018
Getty Images
According to a new survey of the Earth’s biomass, plants make up 80 percent of all carbon stored in living creatures. Bacteria make up 13 percent, and fungus comes third at 2 percent. And as for humans? All 7.6 billion of us account for just one ten thousandth (1/10,000th) of the biomass on Earth.
“The fact that the biomass of fungi exceeds that of all animals’ sort of puts us in our place,” Harvard evolutionary biologist James Hanken told AP News. Despite our relatively tiny stake on Earth, humans have had a massive effect on its fellow creatures. Since civilization began, according to the study, which was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, since civilization, humans have cut the total weight of plants by half and wild mammals by 85 percent.
Domesticated animals now outweigh wild mammals by 14 to 1, and chickens are triple the weight of all of wild birds. Scientists spent three years combing through earlier research that surveyed at biomass for different types of life to determine the latest results. They factored in environmental issues like climate, geography to come up with the new numbers. Their ultimate goal, according to Science magazine, wasn’t to figure out how much life weighs, but to discover the most abundant protein on the planet.
While researchers still trying to resolve that question, what’s less difficult to resolve is how much of an impact humanity has on the world. Maybe children’s books should feature fewer lions and elephants and tigers, and a more honest representation of animals on earth: “a cow next to another cow, next to another cow next to a chicken,” lead author of the study, Ron Milo told AP News.
Watch Next
MarCO Media Reel
Current Time 0:05
Remaining Time -3:13
Read Next
Earth's Atmosphere Blows Up Meteors From Inside
