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http://hk.news.yahoo.com/四成美企擬撤在華生產...mam3zlhanlsrgEcHQDc3RvcnlwYWdlBHRlc3QD;_ylv=3
四成美企擬撤在華生產線 搬回美國
明報明報 – 16小時前
【明報專訊】美國波士頓顧問集團（BCG）進行調查，發現近四成美國大型製造企業計劃或考慮把生產線由中國搬回美國，公司規模愈大者，撤回生產線的意欲亦愈強。企業指出，中國工人薪酬高漲及運費貴，是導致考慮把生產線調回美國的主因，反映「中國製造」愈來愈難靠平價作為賣點。
波士頓顧問集團訪問了106間營業額超過10億美元的大型美國製造企業，37%表示正計劃或「積極考慮」把生產線由中國搬回美國，其中營業額超過100億美元的企業，更有多達48%的管理層表示希望可把生產線撤回到美國。
油價急升 搬回美國省運費
顧問集團合伙人西爾金（Harold Sirkin）說，中國的勞工成本自2001年起已累積升了20％至50%，預計2015年時，每小時勞工成本將升至6美元的水平，雖仍遠低於美國平均時薪估計的26美元（相當於中國勞工成本的4.3倍），但美國工人的生產力較中國工人高3.2至3.4倍，加上美國工廠的自動化程度較高，可減少聘請員工數目，令中國平價勞工不再如10年前般吸引。
另外，國際油價自2000年的每桶約25美元，急升至目前100美元水平，由於貨品的主要銷售地仍是北美地區，運費佔成本相當比重，當貨物由亞洲運往美國的成本急升，美國製造企業就更傾向把生產線搬回美國。美國化工企業PPG總裁邦奇（Charles Bunch）亦說，中國的能源成本急增，消耗大量能源的企業，在中國設廠的成本優勢正逐步縮減。美國企業估計，2020年底前，將有三成生產線由亞洲搬回美國。
（洛杉磯時報/MSNBC）
http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/20/usa-manufacturing-china-idUSL2E8FJ8XI20120420
Big manufacturers more likely to embrace 'Made in USA'-survey
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By Nick Zieminski
NEW YORK, April 20 | Fri Apr 20, 2012 12:01am EDT
(Reuters) - Large U.S. manufacturers are much more likely than their smaller peers to move production to the United States from China, according to a survey.
Labor costs and the quality of goods are the top reasons for companies to consider so-called "re-shoring," with some companies considering the United States a de facto low-cost country because of its high unemployment, according to the survey by the Boston Consulting Group.
It found that 37 percent of all U.S.-based manufacturing executives either plan to or are actively considering moving production from China. That rises to 48 percent among companies with more than $10 billion in revenues, the poll found.
Majorities of those polled said they expected wage costs in China to continue to rise, and said sourcing there is more costly than it appears on paper because of factors such as proximity to customers and the ease of doing business.
Makers of rubber and plastic products are especially likely to consider re-shoring. Companies that make computer equipment, metal products and transportation goods are less likely to do so.
"The economics of manufacturing are swinging in favor of the U.S.," said Harold Sirkin, a BCG senior partner and co-author of the study. BCG says a more competitive U.S. manufacturing base could create up to 3 million jobs by the end of the decade.
The poll of 106 U.S.-based manufacturers was conducted online in February.
REDEFINING LOW-COST
Large companies have more plants whose production can be moved and better access to financing, Sirkin said. Among recent examples of what he called an accelerating trend, Sirkin cited Ford Motor, NCR, MasterLock, SleekAudio, Chesapeake Bay Candle, and Farouk Systems.
The United States is becoming a low-cost developed-world country, according to BCG, with wages typically below those in Western Europe or Japan. More European and Japanese companies are likely to export from U.S. plants.
Some companies, including General Electric Co and Boeing Co, have said they went too far in moving operations out of the United States and that wage differences are narrowing. GE has moved much of its appliance manufacturing from Mexico and China to Kentucky.
Caterpillar Inc has shifted some production from Japan, picking a site in Georgia to build small tractors and excavators. The maker of heavy machinery is building or expanding 15 U.S. facilities, but it also expanding production in China.
The re-shoring trend could be slowed or reversed, BCG says, if, for example, the value of the U.S. dollar rises sharply. Others say rising investment in overseas plants suggests that re-shoring companies are exceptions.
U.S. manufacturing shed about 16 percent of its jobs, or 2 million, during the 2007-2009 recession, according to the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, which has said a recent rebound in factory employment may not last.
Meanwhile, some 600,000 U.S. manufacturing jobs are going unfilled because of a dearth of skilled applicants, according to the Manufacturing Institute and Deloitte. A renewed focus on educating students in science, technology, engineering and math could address the shortfall, manufacturing executives say.
四成美企擬撤在華生產線 搬回美國
明報明報 – 16小時前
【明報專訊】美國波士頓顧問集團（BCG）進行調查，發現近四成美國大型製造企業計劃或考慮把生產線由中國搬回美國，公司規模愈大者，撤回生產線的意欲亦愈強。企業指出，中國工人薪酬高漲及運費貴，是導致考慮把生產線調回美國的主因，反映「中國製造」愈來愈難靠平價作為賣點。
波士頓顧問集團訪問了106間營業額超過10億美元的大型美國製造企業，37%表示正計劃或「積極考慮」把生產線由中國搬回美國，其中營業額超過100億美元的企業，更有多達48%的管理層表示希望可把生產線撤回到美國。
油價急升 搬回美國省運費
顧問集團合伙人西爾金（Harold Sirkin）說，中國的勞工成本自2001年起已累積升了20％至50%，預計2015年時，每小時勞工成本將升至6美元的水平，雖仍遠低於美國平均時薪估計的26美元（相當於中國勞工成本的4.3倍），但美國工人的生產力較中國工人高3.2至3.4倍，加上美國工廠的自動化程度較高，可減少聘請員工數目，令中國平價勞工不再如10年前般吸引。
另外，國際油價自2000年的每桶約25美元，急升至目前100美元水平，由於貨品的主要銷售地仍是北美地區，運費佔成本相當比重，當貨物由亞洲運往美國的成本急升，美國製造企業就更傾向把生產線搬回美國。美國化工企業PPG總裁邦奇（Charles Bunch）亦說，中國的能源成本急增，消耗大量能源的企業，在中國設廠的成本優勢正逐步縮減。美國企業估計，2020年底前，將有三成生產線由亞洲搬回美國。
（洛杉磯時報/MSNBC）
http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/20/usa-manufacturing-china-idUSL2E8FJ8XI20120420
Big manufacturers more likely to embrace 'Made in USA'-survey
Tweet
Share this
By Nick Zieminski
NEW YORK, April 20 | Fri Apr 20, 2012 12:01am EDT
(Reuters) - Large U.S. manufacturers are much more likely than their smaller peers to move production to the United States from China, according to a survey.
Labor costs and the quality of goods are the top reasons for companies to consider so-called "re-shoring," with some companies considering the United States a de facto low-cost country because of its high unemployment, according to the survey by the Boston Consulting Group.
It found that 37 percent of all U.S.-based manufacturing executives either plan to or are actively considering moving production from China. That rises to 48 percent among companies with more than $10 billion in revenues, the poll found.
Majorities of those polled said they expected wage costs in China to continue to rise, and said sourcing there is more costly than it appears on paper because of factors such as proximity to customers and the ease of doing business.
Makers of rubber and plastic products are especially likely to consider re-shoring. Companies that make computer equipment, metal products and transportation goods are less likely to do so.
"The economics of manufacturing are swinging in favor of the U.S.," said Harold Sirkin, a BCG senior partner and co-author of the study. BCG says a more competitive U.S. manufacturing base could create up to 3 million jobs by the end of the decade.
The poll of 106 U.S.-based manufacturers was conducted online in February.
REDEFINING LOW-COST
Large companies have more plants whose production can be moved and better access to financing, Sirkin said. Among recent examples of what he called an accelerating trend, Sirkin cited Ford Motor, NCR, MasterLock, SleekAudio, Chesapeake Bay Candle, and Farouk Systems.
The United States is becoming a low-cost developed-world country, according to BCG, with wages typically below those in Western Europe or Japan. More European and Japanese companies are likely to export from U.S. plants.
Some companies, including General Electric Co and Boeing Co, have said they went too far in moving operations out of the United States and that wage differences are narrowing. GE has moved much of its appliance manufacturing from Mexico and China to Kentucky.
Caterpillar Inc has shifted some production from Japan, picking a site in Georgia to build small tractors and excavators. The maker of heavy machinery is building or expanding 15 U.S. facilities, but it also expanding production in China.
The re-shoring trend could be slowed or reversed, BCG says, if, for example, the value of the U.S. dollar rises sharply. Others say rising investment in overseas plants suggests that re-shoring companies are exceptions.
U.S. manufacturing shed about 16 percent of its jobs, or 2 million, during the 2007-2009 recession, according to the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, which has said a recent rebound in factory employment may not last.
Meanwhile, some 600,000 U.S. manufacturing jobs are going unfilled because of a dearth of skilled applicants, according to the Manufacturing Institute and Deloitte. A renewed focus on educating students in science, technology, engineering and math could address the shortfall, manufacturing executives say.
