Serious Medical Dotor says no change in defence spending, but will keep it high (to protect FTs)

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https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/no-need-spore-raise-defence-spending-play-catch-ng-eng-hen

SINGAPORE — While Singapore has been outspent militarily in the last decade by its neighbours in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Asean), the Government does not foresee a spike in defence expenditure in the next 10 years, Defence Minister Ng Eng Hen said on Friday (March 2).

Still, Dr Ng cautioned during the debate on his ministry’s budget that spending could go up owing to unexpected situations such as terror attacks.

He noted that the “modern and professional” Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) seen today was born of the “deep conviction and sacrificial commitment” of founding Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew and the pioneer generation, who were “unwavering” in investing heavily into building a strong armed forces despite many competing needs. As a result of these efforts, the SAF’s capabilities can be maintained with a defence spending that keeps in step with inflation, rising about 3 to 4 per cent yearly.

Nevertheless, it will be prudent for the Government to review military spending after the next decade, taking into account security threats, as well as the military spending and capabilities of other countries, Dr Ng added.

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Until about 2006, Singapore’s defence spending had kept pace with that of its Asean neighbours, the minister noted. In the last decade, however, Singapore’s neighbours in the region have been spending more to modernise their militaries as their economies expanded.

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“The gap between Singapore’s spending compared with the rest of Asean has increased, but Singapore need not increase its defence spending radically now to play catch-up,” he said. “We intend to keep our defence spending steady despite countries around us spending more and against wide-ranging new security threats.”

He added: “Obviously, this will not apply if there are exigencies or unexpected scenarios. For instance, if there is a terrorist attack or if the security environment deteriorates, our agencies will have to spend more to protect Singaporeans.”

At its height — in 2005 and 2006 — defence spending made up nearly one-third of total government spending. This has since fallen sharply from about a decade ago, to 19 per cent presently, with the SAF now “modernised and doing more with people and technology”, said Dr Ng.

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While steady military investment yields more effective results and “the best time to prepare for trouble is during peace”, many European countries have learnt these lessons in “bitter ways”, Dr Ng said. Last October, for instance, Denmark announced it would raise defence spending by 20 per cent over the next five years, with Dr Ng noting the “pain it will cause their population”.

France also unveiled a bill last month that would bump up spending on its armed forces by more than 40 per cent by 2025. And after more than two decades of cuts to Germany’s defence budget, its military, the Bundeswehr, is now underfunded, “entire weapons systems unusable because they either lack spare parts or have been poorly maintained”, said Dr Ng.

With the German government saying that less than half its submarines and planes are operationally ready, it will be many years before its military makes up for lost time, Dr Ng noted. “These are salutary lessons that we must voraciously imbibe because someone else has paid to learn them,” he said.

***
NS for Sinkies, to protect FTs!
 
Singapore: Small state, big weapons buyer
In its quest to remain independent, Singapore has embarked on major arms deals with the US.

Singapore's determination to remain independent has fuelled military expansionism - but in a fast-changing global security environment, the militarised city-state may be forced to take sides.

"Our immediate part of the world is changing dramatically," said the Singaporean defence minister, Dr Ng Eng Hen, during a recent unveiling of Singapore's defence plans.

In his opening remarks, the defence minister of this city-state of five million people alluded to the difficult balancing act Singapore has had to master since its independence.

"In the latter half of the 20th century, US dominance in both security and economic spheres was unchallenged, and it provided the security umbrella for this region. In the 21st century, China's rise as an economic and military power is redefining the power dynamics in the Asia-Pacific," he said.

Singapore's foreign policy has long been based on economic partnerships, yet it has refused to enter into any military alliances to preserve these economic interests. Instead, it has devoted a large share of its budget to defence spending, transforming this once-small British outpost into a force to be reckoned with. Between 2008 and 2012, Singapore accounted for four percent of all global weapons imports, making it the fifth-largest importer of military hardware, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.

The country now spends 25 percent of its annual budget on defence. Its military spending has risen from $600m annually at the start of the 1980s to $12bn in 2013. By comparison, neighbouring Malaysia - whose population is more than five times bigger than that of Singapore - spent just $5bn last year.

"I think Singapore's position on security has been consistent for the past 45 years," said Tim Huxley, author of Defending the Lion City, considered by many to be the definitive work on Singapore's defence establishment.

The modern state of Singapore was born in 1965, when it separated from the Federation of Malaya. Its independence came in the midst of the Cold War, as the US war in Vietnam was intensifying.

"Singapore had always been aware of its position as a Chinese enclave in a Muslim-concentrated Malay archipelago," wrote Pak Shun Ng, a military officer in the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF). Pak said insecurities stemming from Singapore's acrimonious separation from Malaysia in 1965 and the subsequent konfrontasi or confrontation with Indonesia caused Singapore to adopt a fiercely independent military and foreign policy.

The 1980s saw Singapore shift from a 'poisonous shrimp' to a 'porcupine' strategy, which aims to inflict intolerable costs on potential enemies and outlast attackers in the event of a conflict.

"The attitude in Singapore is that although the country has security partners, it does not have any allies," said Huxley. "Singapore has to rely on itself for its own defence."

From 'poisonous shrimp' to porcupine

"In a world where the big fish eat small fish and the small fish eat shrimps, Singapore must become a poisonous shrimp," said Lee Kuan Yew, the father of modern-day Singapore. Lee was echoing concerns that in case of a conflict, tiny Singapore would be overrun and thus had to adopt a defensive posture.

"Singapore has no territory to fall back on and to regroup its military in," said Wendell Minnick, the editor of Taiwan-based Defense News. "Over time Singapore has realised that the defence of its territory needs to be a 'pre-emptive equation' rather than a defensive one, much like Israel."

This realisation has transformed Singapore's defence policy from the "poisonous shrimp" philosophy of self-preservation to something more aggressive.

"I may not completely destroy you, but you'd have to pay a high price to subdue me, and you may still not succeed," said Brigadier General (and now Prime Minister) Lee Hsien Loong in 1984. The 1980s saw Singapore shift from a "poisonous shrimp" to a "porcupine" strategy, which aims to inflict intolerable costs on potential enemies and outlast attackers in the event of a conflict.

"By assuming a more offensive posture, Singapore changed its message from one of 'we'll be here, don't come to us' to one of 'we'll take you on'," wrote Pak Shun Ng, the military officer.

Singapore's military acquisitions in the 1980s were based primarily on imports of advanced systems from the US.

Where East and West collide

Although an estimated 74 percent percent of Singapore's population is of Chinese origin, the country has preferred to do business with US defence contractors instead of with Chinese firms.

"They have a lot of American fighter jet capability, mostly third-generation F-16s and F-15s but also Apache helicopters and US-made drones," said Minnick.

"We are likely to see Singapore invest in equipment such as the US Joint Strike Fighter, commonly known as the F-35. The country will invest in high-tech equipment which can be networked, which will not require large numbers of personnel to operate it," said Huxley, given Singapore's limited manpower.

"Singapore's military modernisation trajectory must be viewed in the context of deepening territorial disputes and potential crises over selected islands in the South China Sea and the East China Sea," argues Michael Raska, a research fellow at the Military Transformations Programme at S Rajaratnam School of International Studies in Singapore. Raska told Al Jazeera that Singapore may face a tough balancing act if China intensifies its demands over the disputed islands.

"Singapore has good relations with both China and the US, the two major powers in the region," said Huxley. The balance between East and West puts Singapore in an awkward position. Singapore is politically and militarily oriented towards the US, said Huxley, but increasingly relies on China economically.

"One can think of circumstances in the future, in the event the US-China relationship deteriorates, Singapore may find itself in a fix," said Huxley.

SOURCE: Al Jazeera

https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/f...tate-big-arms-purchases-2014320922191312.html
 
Singapore: Small state, big weapons buyer
In its quest to remain independent, Singapore has embarked on major arms deals with the US.

Singapore's determination to remain independent has fuelled military expansionism - but in a fast-changing global security environment, the militarised city-state may be forced to take sides.

"Our immediate part of the world is changing dramatically," said the Singaporean defence minister, Dr Ng Eng Hen, during a recent unveiling of Singapore's defence plans.

In his opening remarks, the defence minister of this city-state of five million people alluded to the difficult balancing act Singapore has had to master since its independence.

"In the latter half of the 20th century, US dominance in both security and economic spheres was unchallenged, and it provided the security umbrella for this region. In the 21st century, China's rise as an economic and military power is redefining the power dynamics in the Asia-Pacific," he said.

Singapore's foreign policy has long been based on economic partnerships, yet it has refused to enter into any military alliances to preserve these economic interests. Instead, it has devoted a large share of its budget to defence spending, transforming this once-small British outpost into a force to be reckoned with. Between 2008 and 2012, Singapore accounted for four percent of all global weapons imports, making it the fifth-largest importer of military hardware, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.

The country now spends 25 percent of its annual budget on defence. Its military spending has risen from $600m annually at the start of the 1980s to $12bn in 2013. By comparison, neighbouring Malaysia - whose population is more than five times bigger than that of Singapore - spent just $5bn last year.

"I think Singapore's position on security has been consistent for the past 45 years," said Tim Huxley, author of Defending the Lion City, considered by many to be the definitive work on Singapore's defence establishment.

The modern state of Singapore was born in 1965, when it separated from the Federation of Malaya. Its independence came in the midst of the Cold War, as the US war in Vietnam was intensifying.

"Singapore had always been aware of its position as a Chinese enclave in a Muslim-concentrated Malay archipelago," wrote Pak Shun Ng, a military officer in the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF). Pak said insecurities stemming from Singapore's acrimonious separation from Malaysia in 1965 and the subsequent konfrontasi or confrontation with Indonesia caused Singapore to adopt a fiercely independent military and foreign policy.

The 1980s saw Singapore shift from a 'poisonous shrimp' to a 'porcupine' strategy, which aims to inflict intolerable costs on potential enemies and outlast attackers in the event of a conflict.

"The attitude in Singapore is that although the country has security partners, it does not have any allies," said Huxley. "Singapore has to rely on itself for its own defence."

From 'poisonous shrimp' to porcupine

"In a world where the big fish eat small fish and the small fish eat shrimps, Singapore must become a poisonous shrimp," said Lee Kuan Yew, the father of modern-day Singapore. Lee was echoing concerns that in case of a conflict, tiny Singapore would be overrun and thus had to adopt a defensive posture.

"Singapore has no territory to fall back on and to regroup its military in," said Wendell Minnick, the editor of Taiwan-based Defense News. "Over time Singapore has realised that the defence of its territory needs to be a 'pre-emptive equation' rather than a defensive one, much like Israel."

This realisation has transformed Singapore's defence policy from the "poisonous shrimp" philosophy of self-preservation to something more aggressive.

"I may not completely destroy you, but you'd have to pay a high price to subdue me, and you may still not succeed," said Brigadier General (and now Prime Minister) Lee Hsien Loong in 1984. The 1980s saw Singapore shift from a "poisonous shrimp" to a "porcupine" strategy, which aims to inflict intolerable costs on potential enemies and outlast attackers in the event of a conflict.

"By assuming a more offensive posture, Singapore changed its message from one of 'we'll be here, don't come to us' to one of 'we'll take you on'," wrote Pak Shun Ng, the military officer.

Singapore's military acquisitions in the 1980s were based primarily on imports of advanced systems from the US.

Where East and West collide

Although an estimated 74 percent percent of Singapore's population is of Chinese origin, the country has preferred to do business with US defence contractors instead of with Chinese firms.

"They have a lot of American fighter jet capability, mostly third-generation F-16s and F-15s but also Apache helicopters and US-made drones," said Minnick.

"We are likely to see Singapore invest in equipment such as the US Joint Strike Fighter, commonly known as the F-35. The country will invest in high-tech equipment which can be networked, which will not require large numbers of personnel to operate it," said Huxley, given Singapore's limited manpower.

"Singapore's military modernisation trajectory must be viewed in the context of deepening territorial disputes and potential crises over selected islands in the South China Sea and the East China Sea," argues Michael Raska, a research fellow at the Military Transformations Programme at S Rajaratnam School of International Studies in Singapore. Raska told Al Jazeera that Singapore may face a tough balancing act if China intensifies its demands over the disputed islands.

"Singapore has good relations with both China and the US, the two major powers in the region," said Huxley. The balance between East and West puts Singapore in an awkward position. Singapore is politically and militarily oriented towards the US, said Huxley, but increasingly relies on China economically.

"One can think of circumstances in the future, in the event the US-China relationship deteriorates, Singapore may find itself in a fix," said Huxley.

SOURCE: Al Jazeera

https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/f...tate-big-arms-purchases-2014320922191312.html
they haven't bought nuclear weapons
 
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