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https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2018-11-30/doc-ihpevhcm4649362.shtml
日媒：中国新隐轰将能超音速飞行 机首比美B2更尖锐
日媒：中国新隐轰将能超音速飞行 机首比美B2更尖锐
137
陈啸 编译
知远战略与防务研究所
[知远导读]本文节选自日本《军事研究》杂志2018年第2期，文中主要回顾了美国、英国和法国等国家战略轰炸机的发展历程，并对中俄新一代隐身轰炸机的机体形状与作战性能等进行了预测分析。作者认为，俄罗斯与中国为对抗美国，正在加紧研发新型轰炸机。为提高隐身性能，新型轰炸机将采用类似美军B-2的全翼式机型。文
为对抗美国，俄罗斯与中国正在加紧研发新一代轰炸机。新一代轰炸机当然是隐身机，并且会采用全翼式机型。本文将探索战略轰炸机的谱系，并对中俄新一代隐身轰炸机的机体形状与性能进行预测分析。
中国正逐步增强轰炸机队实力
目前，中国的主力轰炸机是原西安飞机制造厂制造的“轰-6”型（H-6）。根据1956年与当时的苏联达成的许可生产协议，中国国内生产了“图波列夫”图-16“獾A”，并于1959年9月27日完成中国制造的1号机的首次试飞。1965年5月14日，可投下核炸弹的“轰-6A”首次试飞，1969年9月29日在罗布泊进行了首次投放氢弹试验。
“轰-6”最初的现代化型号是“轰-6D”。由于搭载有最大探测距离150千米的245型360。监视雷达，形成了机首下方雷达天线罩大型化的外形特征。左右主翼下方各可搭载1枚KD-63（C-601）空对舰导弹。“轰-6D”于1985年12月开始进行实战化部署，最终生产了100架左右。
为了保持一定的轰炸机作战能力和巡航导弹载机的需要，中国从上世纪90年代末开始再次生产“轰-6”，制造出了“轰-6H”型轰炸机，搭载射程超过350千米的“鹰击-85”（C-805）巡航导弹。
“轰-6K”是“轰-6”系列的最新型号，样机于2007年1月5日进行了首次试飞。“轰-6K”将发动机从米库林AM-3涡轮喷气发动机的许可生产版涡喷8型换装为索洛维耶夫设计局的D-30KP-2涡扇发动机。由于需要更大量的空气，“轰-6K”增大了发动机进气口，机体侧面的发动机安装部位凸起变得更大。机首部不再是玻璃舱室，而是采用强化纤维塑料等可透过电波材质的整流罩。近年飞至日本周边、被航空自卫队战斗机进行识别拦截的“轰-6”中，该型机正在逐渐增多。据推测，中国人民解放军空军约有100-120架左右“轰-6”。随着“轰-6K”的服役数量增加，以前制造的飞机应该正在退役。
“轰-6”正在通过换装发动机和更新机载电子设备不断提高能力，但“轰-6”是老旧机型的情况一目了然。从20世纪末就开始出现了中国正在研制新型轰炸机的传闻。2016年8月26日，中国多家国营媒体报道称正在进行新型战略轰炸机的研发。这在某种程度上证实了上述传闻的真实性。报道并没有包含详细内容，但可以确定是由第603研究所和西安飞机工业（集团）有限公司接受研究任务，正在推进研发。
中国新型轰炸机是否会是全翼机？
关于中国的新型轰炸机，认为其将成为美国B-2那样的全翼式轰炸机的分析占据了主流。这种说法的可靠性暂且不提，中国的互联网上出现了几种想象图却是事实。不过，其中流传的全翼式轰炸机机首部从机库里露出来的照片，已被证实是以CG（计算机动画）为基础合成的伪造照片。此外，该照片中机库的横幅上写有“轰-10首飞成功”，但完全没有轰-10（H-10）这型飞机存在及进行了首次试飞的信息。
外界推测新型轰炸机会是全翼机的根据当然是由于这种机型具有较高的隐身性。经过B-2的研究、开发以及实际运用，已经可以清楚地证明全翼机这种机体构成可使雷达反射截面积最小化，并且能够内置作为轰炸机的必要功能。如果想达到同样的目标，当然会采用已有的范本。美国空军在研发B-21“突袭者”新型轰炸机时完全认可了同样的机体构成，也可以证实这一点（由于同样是由诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司研发，所以也有节约经费和时间方面的考虑）。
中国的新型轰炸机还没有确定机种名称，部分海外媒体流传出了“轰-20”型（H-20）这一名称，但并没有说明为什么突然成为“20”，令人感到有些唐突。一个可能性是第5代战斗机的番号也是突然升至“歼-20”型（J-20），“轰-20”的名称是为了与其相对应，但这样做并没有必然性。
战神来袭！我军轰6K携AKD20巡航导弹亮相珠海航展1/9
查看原图图集模式
离第十二届中国航展开幕还有最后几天，新浪军事前方观察员珠海直击各类重磅级机型。“战神”轰-6K轰炸机在11月2日11时许抵达珠海机场，低空临场时机翼下还挂载有AKD-20对地巡航导弹。轰-6K是目前我国轰炸机的最新型号之一，又称“战神轰炸机”，是中国核三位一体的重要组成部分。
如果按照数字顺序排列，另一种说法是“轰-8”型（H-8）。这是接着西安飞机工业（集团）有限公司制造的“歼轰-7”型（JH-7）战斗轰炸机排列，但这种说法存在“战斗轰炸机是否会与轰炸机一起排序”的疑问。此外，也有说法称“轰-8”这一名称已被用于“轰-6”改型的样机。如果这种改进型指的是上文的“轰-6K”，量产型也就变成了“轰-8”。
总之，中国的新型轰炸机从名称来看，一切尚不明朗。下文将以此为前提，介绍几项推测出来的信息。
在发动机方面，估计将会采用“涡扇10A”（WS-10A）四发涡轮风扇发动机。做出这种推测的根据是WS-10已经被用于“歼-20”型（J-20）战斗机，是中国国产最新型发动机，并且该发动机带有加力燃烧室。带有加力燃烧室是为了使新型轰炸机具备同样是全翼机的B-2所不具备的超声速飞行能力（最大速度马赫数1.2）。不过，虽说是全翼机，但像B-2那样的机身形状不可能达到超声速飞行，机首部必须设计成相当尖锐的形状。
在其他推测出来的能力方面，搭载攻击性武器的能力为18吨左右。如果是带核弹头的巡航导弹，则可搭载3枚左右；如果是反舰攻击导弹，则可搭载4枚左右。续航距离超过5000千米（也有推测为1万千米）。不过，这些都是基于B-2进行的推测，只能当作一个大致的数字来看。
根据来自中国方面的情报，这种新型轰炸机的目标是2025年开始服役。不过，全翼机的研发难度众所周知，并且能否满足隐身技术的要求等不确定因素很多，这些都是事实。
在中国的互联网上，同样以“轰-20”（H-20）的名称传出了面向海军航空兵的轰炸机想象图。该想象图并非是全翼机，而是在比较单薄的机体上加上美军YF-23战斗机一样尾翼的双发机。机体内虽然设有武器仓，但主翼下方也可搭载进攻性武器。与其说是轰炸机，不如说可以理解为战斗攻击机的机体构成，与空军的轰炸机并不是同类。当然，该型机是否在实际进行研发也不明确。
俄罗斯新型轰炸机PAK DA
现阶段，俄罗斯最新研发的轰炸机是图波列夫的“图-160”“海盗旗”。该型机基于苏联当时于1972年开始研究的多任务轰炸机构想而推动研发，是与美国B-1同样装备可变后掠翼的超声速轰炸机。该型机于1981年12月19日进行了样机的首次试飞，1987年进入有限作战状态，2005年12月30日在俄罗斯空军完全服役。从首次试飞到完全服役耗费了约四分之一个世纪，其原因是与美国B-1同样的高成本以及冷战结束等。该型机虽然被认可了作为战略轰炸机的存在意义，但并没有像此前的轰炸机那样进行大批量生产，最终只生产了8架样机和27架量产机（2008年终止生产）。
作为俄罗斯新型战略轰炸机正在计划研发和配备的是“未来远程航空兵系统”（PAK DA）项目。关于这一项目还没有任何明确信息，只知道指名由图波列夫设计局负责研发。据说当初在计划中，这一新型轰炸机是以“图-160”“海盗旗”为基础的超声速飞机，但根据普京总统的指示进行了全新设计，现在是亚声速全翼式轰炸机。
如果以“图-160”为基础进行研发，就可以大幅节约开发时间和经费，并且容易过渡到批量生产，同时还可以灵活利用现有的生产设备，因而能够以相对低的价格完成新型轰炸机的研发。不过，B-1和“图-160”的机体构成是基于上世纪70年代的战略轰炸机运用构想提出的方案，不是以如今的较低被探测到的概率（即所谓隐身性）为基础研制。并且，俄罗斯方面也认为新型轰炸机的隐身性必不可少，因而最终倾向于能够实现隐身性的全翼机这种机体构成。
关于PAK DA还没有正式的想象图，究竟采用什么形状的机体尚不明确，据说是比美国的B-2更类似于波音公司X-48无人机“混合机翼机体”（BWB）的机体形状（与X-48同样翼端带有翼尖小翼）。不过，X-48的发动机排列在机体后缘（雷达反射截面积变得极大），而PAK DA的发动机置于机体内部。
发动机的数量也不明确，有可能是四发，发动机进气口在主翼前缘设有开口部，排气口设在后缘。如果必须依靠发动机送入大量空气，进气口应该像B-2那样移至机体上部。在机组人员方面，很有可能包括2名驾驶员和2名任务组员，共计4人。
采用全翼机结构的PAKDA DA从2014年开始设计，计划于2019年进行样机的首次试飞，2020年开始批量生产，2025年完全服役。但有观点认为首次试飞将在2021年进行。实际上，这种机型必须在进行首次试飞一年前完成研发，而目前仍未看到该型机的样子。因此，认为2021年进行首次试飞的观点比较现实，甚至有可能会更进一步推迟。
在作战能力方面，PAK DA可搭载30吨左右武器，续航距离12482千米。除搭载新型精密制导武器外，还将搭载正在研发的极超声速武器。当然，这些武器全部置于机体内部的武器仓。
Japanese media: China's new hidden bombs will be able to fly supersonic speed. The machine head is sharper than the US B2.
Japanese media: China's new hidden bombs will be able to fly supersonic speed. The machine head is sharper than the US B2.
137
Chen Xiao
Zhiyuan Strategy and Defense Research Institute
[Zhiyuan Introduction] This article is excerpted from the second issue of Japan's "Military Research" magazine in 2018. The article mainly reviews the development history of strategic bombers in the United States, Britain and France, and the shape and operation of the new generation of stealth bombers in China and Russia. Performance analysis and so on were performed for predictive analysis. The author believes that Russia and China are stepping up research and development of new bombers to counter the United States. To improve stealth performance, the new bomber will use a full-wing model similar to the US B-2. Text
To fight against the United States, Russia and China are stepping up research and development of a new generation of bombers. The new generation of bombers is of course a stealth machine and will use a full-wing model. This paper will explore the pedigree of strategic bombers and predict and analyze the shape and performance of the new generation of stealth bombers in China and Russia.
China is gradually strengthening the strength of the bombing team
At present, China's main bomber is the "H-6" (H-6) manufactured by the original Xi'an Aircraft Manufacturing Plant. According to the license production agreement reached with the Soviet Union in 1956, China produced the "Tupolev" map-16 "獾A", and on September 27, 1959, completed the first test flight of the No. 1 machine made in China. On May 14, 1965, the first test flight of the "H-6A" that could drop the nuclear bomb was carried out. On September 29, 1969, the first hydrogen bomb test was conducted in Lop Nur.
The original modern model of "H-6" was "H-6D". It is equipped with a Model 245 360 with a maximum detection distance of 150 km. The surveillance radar forms a large-scale appearance of the radome below the nose. One KD-63 (C-601) air-to-ship missile can be mounted under the left and right main wings. "H-6D" began its practical deployment in December 1985, and eventually produced about 100 aircraft.
In order to maintain a certain bomber combat capability and the need for cruise missile carriers, China began to produce "H-6" from the end of the 1990s, and produced a "H-6H" bomber with a range of more than 350 kilometers. The Eagle-85" (C-805) cruise missile.
"H-6K" is the latest model of the "H-6" series. The prototype was first tested on January 5, 2007. The "H-6K" refitted the engine from the licensed production version of the Mikulin AM-3 turbojet engine to the D-30KP-2 turbofan engine of the Solovyev Design Bureau. Due to the need for a larger amount of air, the "H-6K" increases the engine intake, and the engine mounting portion on the side of the body is convex. The head of the machine is no longer a glass compartment, but a fairing that is permeable to radio waves, such as reinforced plastic. In recent years, the "H-6" that flew to the periphery of Japan and was identified and intercepted by the Air Self-Defense Force fighters is gradually increasing. It is speculated that the People's Liberation Army Air Force has about 100-120 or so "H-6". As the number of "H-6K" service increases, previously manufactured aircraft should be retired.
"H-6" is constantly improving its capabilities by reloading engines and updating on-board electronic equipment, but the "H-6" is an old-fashioned model at a glance. Since the end of the 20th century, there have been rumors that China is developing new bombers. On August 26, 2016, a number of state-run media in China reported that research and development of new strategic bombers was underway. This confirms the authenticity of the above rumors to some extent. The report does not contain detailed information, but it can be confirmed that the research task is being accepted by the 603th Research Institute and Xi'an Aircraft Industry (Group) Co., Ltd., and research and development is being promoted.
Will China's new bombers be full-wing aircraft?
Regarding China's new bomber, it is believed that it will become the mainstream of the analysis of the full-wing bomber like the US B-2. The reliability of this statement is not mentioned for the time being. It is a fact that several kinds of imaginations appear on the Internet in China. However, the photos of the all-winged all-wing bomber from the hangar have been confirmed to be fake photos based on CG (computer animation). In addition, the photo of the hangar on the photo shows "Hang-10 first flight success", but there is no information about the existence of the H-10 (H-10) aircraft and the first test flight.
It is speculated that the new bombing opportunity is the basis of the full-wing aircraft, of course, because this model has a high stealth. Through the research, development and practical application of B-2, it has been clearly proved that the body structure of the full-wing aircraft can minimize the radar reflection cross-sectional area and can be built in as a necessary function of the bomber. If you want to achieve the same goal, of course, you will use the existing model. The US Air Force fully recognized the same body composition when developing the B-21 "Raiders" new bomber. It can also confirm this (because it was also developed by Northrop Grumman, it also has savings and time. Consideration).
China's new bomber has not yet confirmed the name of the model. Some overseas media have spread the name "H-20" (H-20), but it does not explain why it suddenly became "20", which is a bit abrupt. One possibility is that the number of the 5th generation fighters also suddenly rose to the "歼-20" type (J-20). The name "Hang-20" is intended to correspond to it, but it is not necessary to do so.
God of War is coming! Our military bombing 6K with AKD20 cruise missile debut at Zhuhai Air Show 1/9
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In the last few days after the opening of the 12th China Airways, Sina military observers Zhuhai hit all kinds of heavyweight models. The "God of War" H-6K bomber arrived at Zhuhai Airport at 11 o'clock on November 2, and the AKD-20 cruise missile was mounted under the wing at low altitude. H-6K is one of the latest models of China's bombers, also known as the "God of War" bomber, and is an important part of the Chinese nuclear trinity.
If arranged in numerical order, another term is "H-8" (H-8). This is followed by the "JH-7" fighter-bomber array manufactured by Xi'an Aircraft Industry (Group) Co., Ltd., but this argument has the question "whether the fighter-bomber will be sorted with the bomber." In addition, there is also a saying that the name "H-8" has been used for the prototype of the "H-6". If this improved type refers to the above "H-6K", the mass production type becomes "H-8".
In short, China’s new bomber is still unclear in terms of its name. The following will be used as a premise to introduce several speculative information.
On the engine side, it is estimated that the "turbofan 10A" (WS-10A) four-engine turbofan engine will be used. The basis for this speculation is that the WS-10 has been used in the "歼-20" (J-20) fighter, the latest Chinese-made engine, and the engine has an afterburner. The afterburner is used to make the new bomber have the supersonic flight capability (maximum speed Mach 1.2) that is not available in the B-2, which is also a full-wing aircraft. However, although it is a full-wing aircraft, the shape of the fuselage like the B-2 is unlikely to reach supersonic flight, and the head of the machine must be designed to be quite sharp.
In terms of other inferred abilities, the ability to carry offensive weapons is around 18 tons. If it is a cruise missile with a nuclear warhead, it can carry about three. If it is an anti-ship attack missile, it can carry about four. The cruising range is more than 5,000 kilometers (it is estimated to be 10,000 kilometers). However, these are speculations based on the B-2 and can only be viewed as a rough figure.
According to information from China, the target of this new bomber is to start service in 2025. However, the difficulty in research and development of the full-wing aircraft is well known, and there are many uncertain factors such as the ability to meet the requirements of stealth technology. These are all facts.
On the Chinese Internet, the bomber imaginary map for naval aviation was also transmitted under the name “H-20” (H-20). The imaginary map is not a full-wing aircraft, but a twin-engine machine with a tail-wing of the US Army YF-23 fighter jet on a relatively thin body. Although there are weapons bins in the body, offensive weapons can also be carried under the main wing. It is not so much a bomber as it can be understood as the body composition of a combat attack aircraft. It is not the same as the Air Force bomber. Of course, it is not clear whether the model is actually being developed.
Russian new bomber PAK DA
At this stage, Russia's newly developed bomber is Tupolev's "Tu-160" "Jolly Roger". The model was based on the multi-mission bombing agency that the Soviet Union began researching in 1972. It is a supersonic bomber equipped with variable swept-wing wings as well as the US B-1. The prototype was first tested on December 19, 1981. In 1987, it entered a state of limited operations. On December 30, 2005, it was fully operational in the Russian Air Force. It took about a quarter of a century from the first test flight to full service, which was due to the same high cost as the US B-1 and the end of the Cold War. Although the aircraft was recognized as a strategic bomber, it did not produce as much as the previous bombers, and eventually produced only eight prototypes and 27 production machines (stop production in 2008).
As the new Russian strategic bomber is planning to develop and equip the "Future Long-Term Aviation System" (PAK DA) project. There is no clear information about this project, only knowing that the name is developed by Tupolev Design Bureau. It is said that the new bomber was originally planned to be a supersonic aircraft based on the "Tu-160" and "Jolly Roger". However, according to the instructions of President Putin, the new design is now a subsonic full-wing bomber.
If R&D is based on “Tu-160”, it can save a lot of development time and money, and it is easy to transition to mass production. At the same time, it can also flexibly utilize existing production equipment, so that it can complete the new bomber at a relatively low price. Research and development. However, the body composition of B-1 and "Tu-160" is based on the strategic bomber utilization concept of the 1970s, and is not based on the current low probability of detection (so-called stealth). Moreover, the Russian side also believes that the stealth of the new bomber is indispensable, and therefore it tends to be able to achieve the body structure of the stealth full-wing aircraft.
There is no official imaginary picture about PAK DA. The shape of the body is still unclear. It is said to be more similar to the Boeing X-48 UAV "Mixed Wing Body" (BWB) than the American B-2. Shape (with the same wing end as the X-48 with wingtip wings). However, the X-48 engine is arranged at the rear edge of the body (the radar reflection cross-section becomes extremely large), while the PAK DA engine is placed inside the body.
The number of engines is not clear, it may be four rounds, the engine intake is provided with an opening at the leading edge of the main wing, and the exhaust port is located at the trailing edge. If it is necessary to rely on the engine to send a large amount of air, the air inlet should be moved to the upper part of the body like B-2. In terms of crew, it is likely to include 2 drivers and 2 task force members for a total of 4 people.
The PAKDA DA with full-wing structure has been designed since 2014. It is planned to conduct the first test flight of the prototype in 2019, mass production in 2020, and full service in 2025. However, there is a view that the first test flight will be conducted in 2021. In fact, this type of machine must be developed a year before the first test flight, and the model is still not seen. Therefore, the view that the first test flight in 2021 is considered to be more realistic and may even be further postponed.
In terms of combat capability, the PAK DA can carry about 30 tons of weapons and has a cruising range of 12,482 kilometers. In addition to the new precision guided weapons, it will also be equipped with extremely supersonic weapons under development. Of course, these weapons are all placed in the weapon compartment inside the body.
日媒：中国新隐轰将能超音速飞行 机首比美B2更尖锐
日媒：中国新隐轰将能超音速飞行 机首比美B2更尖锐
137
陈啸 编译
知远战略与防务研究所
[知远导读]本文节选自日本《军事研究》杂志2018年第2期，文中主要回顾了美国、英国和法国等国家战略轰炸机的发展历程，并对中俄新一代隐身轰炸机的机体形状与作战性能等进行了预测分析。作者认为，俄罗斯与中国为对抗美国，正在加紧研发新型轰炸机。为提高隐身性能，新型轰炸机将采用类似美军B-2的全翼式机型。文
为对抗美国，俄罗斯与中国正在加紧研发新一代轰炸机。新一代轰炸机当然是隐身机，并且会采用全翼式机型。本文将探索战略轰炸机的谱系，并对中俄新一代隐身轰炸机的机体形状与性能进行预测分析。
中国正逐步增强轰炸机队实力
目前，中国的主力轰炸机是原西安飞机制造厂制造的“轰-6”型（H-6）。根据1956年与当时的苏联达成的许可生产协议，中国国内生产了“图波列夫”图-16“獾A”，并于1959年9月27日完成中国制造的1号机的首次试飞。1965年5月14日，可投下核炸弹的“轰-6A”首次试飞，1969年9月29日在罗布泊进行了首次投放氢弹试验。
“轰-6”最初的现代化型号是“轰-6D”。由于搭载有最大探测距离150千米的245型360。监视雷达，形成了机首下方雷达天线罩大型化的外形特征。左右主翼下方各可搭载1枚KD-63（C-601）空对舰导弹。“轰-6D”于1985年12月开始进行实战化部署，最终生产了100架左右。
为了保持一定的轰炸机作战能力和巡航导弹载机的需要，中国从上世纪90年代末开始再次生产“轰-6”，制造出了“轰-6H”型轰炸机，搭载射程超过350千米的“鹰击-85”（C-805）巡航导弹。
“轰-6K”是“轰-6”系列的最新型号，样机于2007年1月5日进行了首次试飞。“轰-6K”将发动机从米库林AM-3涡轮喷气发动机的许可生产版涡喷8型换装为索洛维耶夫设计局的D-30KP-2涡扇发动机。由于需要更大量的空气，“轰-6K”增大了发动机进气口，机体侧面的发动机安装部位凸起变得更大。机首部不再是玻璃舱室，而是采用强化纤维塑料等可透过电波材质的整流罩。近年飞至日本周边、被航空自卫队战斗机进行识别拦截的“轰-6”中，该型机正在逐渐增多。据推测，中国人民解放军空军约有100-120架左右“轰-6”。随着“轰-6K”的服役数量增加，以前制造的飞机应该正在退役。
“轰-6”正在通过换装发动机和更新机载电子设备不断提高能力，但“轰-6”是老旧机型的情况一目了然。从20世纪末就开始出现了中国正在研制新型轰炸机的传闻。2016年8月26日，中国多家国营媒体报道称正在进行新型战略轰炸机的研发。这在某种程度上证实了上述传闻的真实性。报道并没有包含详细内容，但可以确定是由第603研究所和西安飞机工业（集团）有限公司接受研究任务，正在推进研发。
中国新型轰炸机是否会是全翼机？
关于中国的新型轰炸机，认为其将成为美国B-2那样的全翼式轰炸机的分析占据了主流。这种说法的可靠性暂且不提，中国的互联网上出现了几种想象图却是事实。不过，其中流传的全翼式轰炸机机首部从机库里露出来的照片，已被证实是以CG（计算机动画）为基础合成的伪造照片。此外，该照片中机库的横幅上写有“轰-10首飞成功”，但完全没有轰-10（H-10）这型飞机存在及进行了首次试飞的信息。
外界推测新型轰炸机会是全翼机的根据当然是由于这种机型具有较高的隐身性。经过B-2的研究、开发以及实际运用，已经可以清楚地证明全翼机这种机体构成可使雷达反射截面积最小化，并且能够内置作为轰炸机的必要功能。如果想达到同样的目标，当然会采用已有的范本。美国空军在研发B-21“突袭者”新型轰炸机时完全认可了同样的机体构成，也可以证实这一点（由于同样是由诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司研发，所以也有节约经费和时间方面的考虑）。
中国的新型轰炸机还没有确定机种名称，部分海外媒体流传出了“轰-20”型（H-20）这一名称，但并没有说明为什么突然成为“20”，令人感到有些唐突。一个可能性是第5代战斗机的番号也是突然升至“歼-20”型（J-20），“轰-20”的名称是为了与其相对应，但这样做并没有必然性。
战神来袭！我军轰6K携AKD20巡航导弹亮相珠海航展1/9
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离第十二届中国航展开幕还有最后几天，新浪军事前方观察员珠海直击各类重磅级机型。“战神”轰-6K轰炸机在11月2日11时许抵达珠海机场，低空临场时机翼下还挂载有AKD-20对地巡航导弹。轰-6K是目前我国轰炸机的最新型号之一，又称“战神轰炸机”，是中国核三位一体的重要组成部分。
如果按照数字顺序排列，另一种说法是“轰-8”型（H-8）。这是接着西安飞机工业（集团）有限公司制造的“歼轰-7”型（JH-7）战斗轰炸机排列，但这种说法存在“战斗轰炸机是否会与轰炸机一起排序”的疑问。此外，也有说法称“轰-8”这一名称已被用于“轰-6”改型的样机。如果这种改进型指的是上文的“轰-6K”，量产型也就变成了“轰-8”。
总之，中国的新型轰炸机从名称来看，一切尚不明朗。下文将以此为前提，介绍几项推测出来的信息。
在发动机方面，估计将会采用“涡扇10A”（WS-10A）四发涡轮风扇发动机。做出这种推测的根据是WS-10已经被用于“歼-20”型（J-20）战斗机，是中国国产最新型发动机，并且该发动机带有加力燃烧室。带有加力燃烧室是为了使新型轰炸机具备同样是全翼机的B-2所不具备的超声速飞行能力（最大速度马赫数1.2）。不过，虽说是全翼机，但像B-2那样的机身形状不可能达到超声速飞行，机首部必须设计成相当尖锐的形状。
在其他推测出来的能力方面，搭载攻击性武器的能力为18吨左右。如果是带核弹头的巡航导弹，则可搭载3枚左右；如果是反舰攻击导弹，则可搭载4枚左右。续航距离超过5000千米（也有推测为1万千米）。不过，这些都是基于B-2进行的推测，只能当作一个大致的数字来看。
根据来自中国方面的情报，这种新型轰炸机的目标是2025年开始服役。不过，全翼机的研发难度众所周知，并且能否满足隐身技术的要求等不确定因素很多，这些都是事实。
在中国的互联网上，同样以“轰-20”（H-20）的名称传出了面向海军航空兵的轰炸机想象图。该想象图并非是全翼机，而是在比较单薄的机体上加上美军YF-23战斗机一样尾翼的双发机。机体内虽然设有武器仓，但主翼下方也可搭载进攻性武器。与其说是轰炸机，不如说可以理解为战斗攻击机的机体构成，与空军的轰炸机并不是同类。当然，该型机是否在实际进行研发也不明确。
俄罗斯新型轰炸机PAK DA
现阶段，俄罗斯最新研发的轰炸机是图波列夫的“图-160”“海盗旗”。该型机基于苏联当时于1972年开始研究的多任务轰炸机构想而推动研发，是与美国B-1同样装备可变后掠翼的超声速轰炸机。该型机于1981年12月19日进行了样机的首次试飞，1987年进入有限作战状态，2005年12月30日在俄罗斯空军完全服役。从首次试飞到完全服役耗费了约四分之一个世纪，其原因是与美国B-1同样的高成本以及冷战结束等。该型机虽然被认可了作为战略轰炸机的存在意义，但并没有像此前的轰炸机那样进行大批量生产，最终只生产了8架样机和27架量产机（2008年终止生产）。
作为俄罗斯新型战略轰炸机正在计划研发和配备的是“未来远程航空兵系统”（PAK DA）项目。关于这一项目还没有任何明确信息，只知道指名由图波列夫设计局负责研发。据说当初在计划中，这一新型轰炸机是以“图-160”“海盗旗”为基础的超声速飞机，但根据普京总统的指示进行了全新设计，现在是亚声速全翼式轰炸机。
如果以“图-160”为基础进行研发，就可以大幅节约开发时间和经费，并且容易过渡到批量生产，同时还可以灵活利用现有的生产设备，因而能够以相对低的价格完成新型轰炸机的研发。不过，B-1和“图-160”的机体构成是基于上世纪70年代的战略轰炸机运用构想提出的方案，不是以如今的较低被探测到的概率（即所谓隐身性）为基础研制。并且，俄罗斯方面也认为新型轰炸机的隐身性必不可少，因而最终倾向于能够实现隐身性的全翼机这种机体构成。
关于PAK DA还没有正式的想象图，究竟采用什么形状的机体尚不明确，据说是比美国的B-2更类似于波音公司X-48无人机“混合机翼机体”（BWB）的机体形状（与X-48同样翼端带有翼尖小翼）。不过，X-48的发动机排列在机体后缘（雷达反射截面积变得极大），而PAK DA的发动机置于机体内部。
发动机的数量也不明确，有可能是四发，发动机进气口在主翼前缘设有开口部，排气口设在后缘。如果必须依靠发动机送入大量空气，进气口应该像B-2那样移至机体上部。在机组人员方面，很有可能包括2名驾驶员和2名任务组员，共计4人。
采用全翼机结构的PAKDA DA从2014年开始设计，计划于2019年进行样机的首次试飞，2020年开始批量生产，2025年完全服役。但有观点认为首次试飞将在2021年进行。实际上，这种机型必须在进行首次试飞一年前完成研发，而目前仍未看到该型机的样子。因此，认为2021年进行首次试飞的观点比较现实，甚至有可能会更进一步推迟。
在作战能力方面，PAK DA可搭载30吨左右武器，续航距离12482千米。除搭载新型精密制导武器外，还将搭载正在研发的极超声速武器。当然，这些武器全部置于机体内部的武器仓。
Japanese media: China's new hidden bombs will be able to fly supersonic speed. The machine head is sharper than the US B2.
Japanese media: China's new hidden bombs will be able to fly supersonic speed. The machine head is sharper than the US B2.
137
Chen Xiao
Zhiyuan Strategy and Defense Research Institute
[Zhiyuan Introduction] This article is excerpted from the second issue of Japan's "Military Research" magazine in 2018. The article mainly reviews the development history of strategic bombers in the United States, Britain and France, and the shape and operation of the new generation of stealth bombers in China and Russia. Performance analysis and so on were performed for predictive analysis. The author believes that Russia and China are stepping up research and development of new bombers to counter the United States. To improve stealth performance, the new bomber will use a full-wing model similar to the US B-2. Text
To fight against the United States, Russia and China are stepping up research and development of a new generation of bombers. The new generation of bombers is of course a stealth machine and will use a full-wing model. This paper will explore the pedigree of strategic bombers and predict and analyze the shape and performance of the new generation of stealth bombers in China and Russia.
China is gradually strengthening the strength of the bombing team
At present, China's main bomber is the "H-6" (H-6) manufactured by the original Xi'an Aircraft Manufacturing Plant. According to the license production agreement reached with the Soviet Union in 1956, China produced the "Tupolev" map-16 "獾A", and on September 27, 1959, completed the first test flight of the No. 1 machine made in China. On May 14, 1965, the first test flight of the "H-6A" that could drop the nuclear bomb was carried out. On September 29, 1969, the first hydrogen bomb test was conducted in Lop Nur.
The original modern model of "H-6" was "H-6D". It is equipped with a Model 245 360 with a maximum detection distance of 150 km. The surveillance radar forms a large-scale appearance of the radome below the nose. One KD-63 (C-601) air-to-ship missile can be mounted under the left and right main wings. "H-6D" began its practical deployment in December 1985, and eventually produced about 100 aircraft.
In order to maintain a certain bomber combat capability and the need for cruise missile carriers, China began to produce "H-6" from the end of the 1990s, and produced a "H-6H" bomber with a range of more than 350 kilometers. The Eagle-85" (C-805) cruise missile.
"H-6K" is the latest model of the "H-6" series. The prototype was first tested on January 5, 2007. The "H-6K" refitted the engine from the licensed production version of the Mikulin AM-3 turbojet engine to the D-30KP-2 turbofan engine of the Solovyev Design Bureau. Due to the need for a larger amount of air, the "H-6K" increases the engine intake, and the engine mounting portion on the side of the body is convex. The head of the machine is no longer a glass compartment, but a fairing that is permeable to radio waves, such as reinforced plastic. In recent years, the "H-6" that flew to the periphery of Japan and was identified and intercepted by the Air Self-Defense Force fighters is gradually increasing. It is speculated that the People's Liberation Army Air Force has about 100-120 or so "H-6". As the number of "H-6K" service increases, previously manufactured aircraft should be retired.
"H-6" is constantly improving its capabilities by reloading engines and updating on-board electronic equipment, but the "H-6" is an old-fashioned model at a glance. Since the end of the 20th century, there have been rumors that China is developing new bombers. On August 26, 2016, a number of state-run media in China reported that research and development of new strategic bombers was underway. This confirms the authenticity of the above rumors to some extent. The report does not contain detailed information, but it can be confirmed that the research task is being accepted by the 603th Research Institute and Xi'an Aircraft Industry (Group) Co., Ltd., and research and development is being promoted.
Will China's new bombers be full-wing aircraft?
Regarding China's new bomber, it is believed that it will become the mainstream of the analysis of the full-wing bomber like the US B-2. The reliability of this statement is not mentioned for the time being. It is a fact that several kinds of imaginations appear on the Internet in China. However, the photos of the all-winged all-wing bomber from the hangar have been confirmed to be fake photos based on CG (computer animation). In addition, the photo of the hangar on the photo shows "Hang-10 first flight success", but there is no information about the existence of the H-10 (H-10) aircraft and the first test flight.
It is speculated that the new bombing opportunity is the basis of the full-wing aircraft, of course, because this model has a high stealth. Through the research, development and practical application of B-2, it has been clearly proved that the body structure of the full-wing aircraft can minimize the radar reflection cross-sectional area and can be built in as a necessary function of the bomber. If you want to achieve the same goal, of course, you will use the existing model. The US Air Force fully recognized the same body composition when developing the B-21 "Raiders" new bomber. It can also confirm this (because it was also developed by Northrop Grumman, it also has savings and time. Consideration).
China's new bomber has not yet confirmed the name of the model. Some overseas media have spread the name "H-20" (H-20), but it does not explain why it suddenly became "20", which is a bit abrupt. One possibility is that the number of the 5th generation fighters also suddenly rose to the "歼-20" type (J-20). The name "Hang-20" is intended to correspond to it, but it is not necessary to do so.
God of War is coming! Our military bombing 6K with AKD20 cruise missile debut at Zhuhai Air Show 1/9
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In the last few days after the opening of the 12th China Airways, Sina military observers Zhuhai hit all kinds of heavyweight models. The "God of War" H-6K bomber arrived at Zhuhai Airport at 11 o'clock on November 2, and the AKD-20 cruise missile was mounted under the wing at low altitude. H-6K is one of the latest models of China's bombers, also known as the "God of War" bomber, and is an important part of the Chinese nuclear trinity.
If arranged in numerical order, another term is "H-8" (H-8). This is followed by the "JH-7" fighter-bomber array manufactured by Xi'an Aircraft Industry (Group) Co., Ltd., but this argument has the question "whether the fighter-bomber will be sorted with the bomber." In addition, there is also a saying that the name "H-8" has been used for the prototype of the "H-6". If this improved type refers to the above "H-6K", the mass production type becomes "H-8".
In short, China’s new bomber is still unclear in terms of its name. The following will be used as a premise to introduce several speculative information.
On the engine side, it is estimated that the "turbofan 10A" (WS-10A) four-engine turbofan engine will be used. The basis for this speculation is that the WS-10 has been used in the "歼-20" (J-20) fighter, the latest Chinese-made engine, and the engine has an afterburner. The afterburner is used to make the new bomber have the supersonic flight capability (maximum speed Mach 1.2) that is not available in the B-2, which is also a full-wing aircraft. However, although it is a full-wing aircraft, the shape of the fuselage like the B-2 is unlikely to reach supersonic flight, and the head of the machine must be designed to be quite sharp.
In terms of other inferred abilities, the ability to carry offensive weapons is around 18 tons. If it is a cruise missile with a nuclear warhead, it can carry about three. If it is an anti-ship attack missile, it can carry about four. The cruising range is more than 5,000 kilometers (it is estimated to be 10,000 kilometers). However, these are speculations based on the B-2 and can only be viewed as a rough figure.
According to information from China, the target of this new bomber is to start service in 2025. However, the difficulty in research and development of the full-wing aircraft is well known, and there are many uncertain factors such as the ability to meet the requirements of stealth technology. These are all facts.
On the Chinese Internet, the bomber imaginary map for naval aviation was also transmitted under the name “H-20” (H-20). The imaginary map is not a full-wing aircraft, but a twin-engine machine with a tail-wing of the US Army YF-23 fighter jet on a relatively thin body. Although there are weapons bins in the body, offensive weapons can also be carried under the main wing. It is not so much a bomber as it can be understood as the body composition of a combat attack aircraft. It is not the same as the Air Force bomber. Of course, it is not clear whether the model is actually being developed.
Russian new bomber PAK DA
At this stage, Russia's newly developed bomber is Tupolev's "Tu-160" "Jolly Roger". The model was based on the multi-mission bombing agency that the Soviet Union began researching in 1972. It is a supersonic bomber equipped with variable swept-wing wings as well as the US B-1. The prototype was first tested on December 19, 1981. In 1987, it entered a state of limited operations. On December 30, 2005, it was fully operational in the Russian Air Force. It took about a quarter of a century from the first test flight to full service, which was due to the same high cost as the US B-1 and the end of the Cold War. Although the aircraft was recognized as a strategic bomber, it did not produce as much as the previous bombers, and eventually produced only eight prototypes and 27 production machines (stop production in 2008).
As the new Russian strategic bomber is planning to develop and equip the "Future Long-Term Aviation System" (PAK DA) project. There is no clear information about this project, only knowing that the name is developed by Tupolev Design Bureau. It is said that the new bomber was originally planned to be a supersonic aircraft based on the "Tu-160" and "Jolly Roger". However, according to the instructions of President Putin, the new design is now a subsonic full-wing bomber.
If R&D is based on “Tu-160”, it can save a lot of development time and money, and it is easy to transition to mass production. At the same time, it can also flexibly utilize existing production equipment, so that it can complete the new bomber at a relatively low price. Research and development. However, the body composition of B-1 and "Tu-160" is based on the strategic bomber utilization concept of the 1970s, and is not based on the current low probability of detection (so-called stealth). Moreover, the Russian side also believes that the stealth of the new bomber is indispensable, and therefore it tends to be able to achieve the body structure of the stealth full-wing aircraft.
There is no official imaginary picture about PAK DA. The shape of the body is still unclear. It is said to be more similar to the Boeing X-48 UAV "Mixed Wing Body" (BWB) than the American B-2. Shape (with the same wing end as the X-48 with wingtip wings). However, the X-48 engine is arranged at the rear edge of the body (the radar reflection cross-section becomes extremely large), while the PAK DA engine is placed inside the body.
The number of engines is not clear, it may be four rounds, the engine intake is provided with an opening at the leading edge of the main wing, and the exhaust port is located at the trailing edge. If it is necessary to rely on the engine to send a large amount of air, the air inlet should be moved to the upper part of the body like B-2. In terms of crew, it is likely to include 2 drivers and 2 task force members for a total of 4 people.
The PAKDA DA with full-wing structure has been designed since 2014. It is planned to conduct the first test flight of the prototype in 2019, mass production in 2020, and full service in 2025. However, there is a view that the first test flight will be conducted in 2021. In fact, this type of machine must be developed a year before the first test flight, and the model is still not seen. Therefore, the view that the first test flight in 2021 is considered to be more realistic and may even be further postponed.
In terms of combat capability, the PAK DA can carry about 30 tons of weapons and has a cruising range of 12,482 kilometers. In addition to the new precision guided weapons, it will also be equipped with extremely supersonic weapons under development. Of course, these weapons are all placed in the weapon compartment inside the body.
