https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2019-05-28/doc-ihvhiqay2058862.shtml
俄联盟火箭发射后遭雷击 安然无恙送卫星入轨(图)
俄联盟火箭发射后遭雷击 安然无恙送卫星入轨(图)
俄罗斯火箭被雷劈了
疑似联盟2.1B运载火箭受到雷击的图片
5月27日,俄罗斯国防部宣布俄罗斯空天部队在普列谢茨克发射场用联盟2.1B运载火箭成功将1枚GLONASS导航卫星送上太空。地面中心已经成功接收到来自这颗卫星的信号,卫星内各系统运行正常。
按照俄方的说法,此次发射运载火箭和卫星表现正常。发射任务完成的非常成功,不过从俄方透露视频来看,这枚运载火箭在发射之后不久就疑似受到雷击,幸运的是运载火箭没有受到影响,飞行正常,成功将卫星送入预定轨道。尽管这是一次意外事件,不过也彰显了俄罗斯在运载火箭领域雄厚的实力。
此次事件彰显俄罗斯运载火箭防雷设计的确非常优秀
闪电(雷击)是运载火箭发射大敌,如果运载火箭直接被闪电(雷达),非常容易发生结构损坏、电子设备熔毁等事故,从而造成发射失败,所以运载火箭发射一般都会碰开雷雨天,以保证发射安全,但是结果就是成卫星发射窗口减少,不利于快速发射和密集发射任务,对于发射场选址也会造成影响,例如不能选择雷雨较多的地区。因此国外新一代运载火箭都采用了防雷设计,美国已经防雷做为飞行器设计标准重要内容,苏联/俄罗斯也制订了比较详细的运载火箭防雷设计规范,实现了防雷设计、实施和反馈的闭环,有效提高了运载火箭防雷能力。
国外新一代运载火箭普遍强化了防雷设计
此次发射的联盟2.1B运载火箭应该采用了防雷设计规范,对火箭关键结构、电气设备进行了加固,能够承一定强度的雷击,即便被闪电击中也能够保持安全飞行。从相关视频我们可以清楚看到联盟2.1B被雷击是在起飞后不久,姿态还不稳定,闪电更是直接击中火箭,可以说挨得非常结实,但是火箭仍然能够保持原来飞行姿态,继续飞行。显现火箭设计非常优秀。
国产运载火箭在这个领域还需要加强
需要指出的是国内运载火箭防雷设计与国外相比还是有一定的差距,虽然航天部门曾经颁布过运载火箭防雷设计规范,在新型号之中考虑了防雷设计,但是受到基础研究、试验手段等因素影响,国产运载火箭防雷能力与联盟2.1B这样的新型运载火箭还是要逊色。随着海南文昌发射场、海上火箭发射系统投入使用,航天部门也在考虑沿海地区雷电高发情况,着手提高国产运载火箭防雷能力,中国运载火箭研究院此前曾经透露他们正在开展 “雷电放电对飞行器等产品损伤机理及防护技术”领域的研究。这项技术主要是通过对火箭雷电损伤机理的研究,运用新工艺、新材料、新技术等手段,开展对火箭的精确防护。研究成果投入应用后,国产运载火箭有望穿上“防雷衣”。到那时,卫星发射窗口选择将不必刻意避开雷雨天,能够有效提高国产运载火箭使用效率。(作者署名:小飞猪观察)
The Russian Federation rocket was struck by lightning and launched into the orbit. (Photo)
The Russian Federation rocket was struck by lightning and launched into the orbit. (Photo)
Russian rockets were thundered
Picture of suspected Alliance 2.1B launch vehicle being struck by lightning
On May 27th, the Russian Ministry of Defence announced that the Russian Air and Space Force successfully launched a GLONASS navigation satellite into space at the Plesetsk launch site with the Alliance 2.1B launch vehicle. The ground center has successfully received signals from this satellite, and the systems in the satellite are operating normally.
According to the Russian side, the launch of the launch vehicle and the satellites were normal. The launch mission was very successful, but from the Russian video, the launch vehicle was suspected of being struck by lightning shortly after the launch. Fortunately, the launch vehicle was not affected, the flight was normal, and the satellite was successfully put into the orbit. Although this is an accident, it also shows Russia's strong strength in the field of launch vehicles.
The incident highlights the lightning protection design of the Russian launch vehicle is indeed very good.
Lightning (lightning strike) is the enemy of the launching rocket. If the launching rocket is directly exposed to lightning (radar), it is very prone to structural damage, electronic equipment meltdown and other accidents, resulting in launch failure, so the launch vehicle launch will generally hit thunderstorms. In order to ensure the safety of the launch, but the result is that the satellite launch window is reduced, which is not conducive to rapid launch and dense launch missions, and will also affect the location of the launch site. For example, areas with more thunderstorms cannot be selected. Therefore, foreign new-generation launch vehicles have adopted lightning protection design. The United States has already made lightning protection as an important part of aircraft design standards. The Soviet Union/Russia has also developed a detailed lightning protection design specification for launch vehicles to achieve lightning protection design, implementation and feedback. The closed loop effectively improves the lightning protection capability of the launch vehicle.
A new generation of launch vehicles abroad has generally strengthened lightning protection design
The launch of the Alliance 2.1B launch vehicle should adopt lightning protection design specifications, strengthen the rocket's key structures and electrical equipment, and be able to withstand a certain amount of lightning strikes, even if it is hit by lightning, it can maintain safe flight. From the related video, we can clearly see that the 2.1B was struck by lightning. Soon after the take-off, the attitude is still unstable. The lightning is directly hitting the rocket. It can be said that it is very strong, but the rocket can still maintain the original flight attitude and continue to fly. . The rocket design is very good.
Domestic carrier rockets need to be strengthened in this field
It should be pointed out that there is still a certain gap between the lightning protection design of domestic launch vehicles and foreign countries. Although the space department has promulgated the lightning protection design specifications for launch vehicles, the lightning protection design has been considered in the new models, but it has been fundamentally researched and tested. Influenced by factors such as means, the lightning protection capability of domestic launch vehicles is inferior to that of the new launch vehicle such as the Alliance 2.1B. With the launch of Hainan Wenchang launch site and marine rocket launching system, the space department is also considering the high incidence of lightning in coastal areas and embarking on improving the lightning protection capability of domestic launch vehicles. The China Academy of Launch Vehicles has previously revealed that they are carrying out "lightning discharge to aircraft". Research in the field of product damage mechanisms and protective technologies. This technology mainly carries out research on the damage mechanism of rocket lightning, and uses new techniques, new materials, new technologies and other means to carry out precise protection of the rocket. After the research results are put into use, the domestic launch vehicle is expected to wear "lightning protection clothing." At that time, the satellite launch window selection will not have to deliberately avoid thunderstorms, which can effectively improve the efficiency of domestic launch vehicles. (Author's signature: Xiaofei pig observation)