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瑞士也有「貧民區」嗎？從一張「梗圖」引發的流血衝突說起
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換日線Crossing2019年8月24日 上午7:00
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作者：瑰娜／瑞士不是只有起司鍋
或許你曾經聽聞過，美國各大城市中，時常有著所謂的「貧民區」（Ghettos）？
這通常意指在一個都會區中，基礎設施與資源相對不足、發展相對落後的擁擠住宅區。又因爲這裏的居民往往是主流社會中，在經濟、教育和法律上的相對弱勢人士或少數族群，所以也被稱為「弱勢族群的聚落」。
那麼，在瑞士呢？人們對瑞士的印象，大多是富裕的歐洲小國、美景處處，或「各國有錢人匯聚在此」。在這個國家，是否真有「貧民區」的存在？
今年初發生的一起事件，便引發了廣大的討論。
一張「梗圖」引發的衝突
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Zeki 故意拿瑞士「斯普滕巴赫」跟美國「布朗克斯」比較，引發不小爭議。圖／網路共享資源
3 月 2 日，位於瑞士阿爾高州的斯普滕巴赫（Spreitenbach），發生了一起流血事件。在號稱瑞士境内最大的購物中心 Shoppi Tivoli ，兩群分別來自斯普滕巴赫與蘇黎世州迪肯孔（Dietikon）、一共大約 30 名青少年爆發流血鬥毆。一位 15 歲少年的腿部受到刀傷，必須緊急送醫治療。
為什麼他們會發生爭執？這必須從一張瑞士網紅製作的「網路梗圖」說起：
Zeki 是現今瑞士最具人氣的網紅之一。他常以瑞士大小事為題材，製作幽默的貼圖與影片，在 IG 吸引了將近 78 萬名粉絲。
今年初，他發佈了一張以「貧民區」為主題的梗圖。圖的上方，是一群幫派分子的背影；並搭配一行「布朗克斯是美國最危險的區域之一」的文字；圖的下方，則置入斯普滕巴赫缺乏地方特色的風景，並貼上一句話：「在瑞士，我們叫它斯普滕巴赫。」
布朗克斯（The Bronx）是美國紐約市最北邊的行政區，居民大多為非洲和拉丁美洲裔。 20 世紀末此區的「南布朗克斯」，更是美國著名的貧民區。失業率與犯罪率均居高不下。除了毒品、謀殺及幫派問題曾出不窮外，許多屋主甚至蓄意縱火，燒了自己市值低落的房子，藉此獲取保險金，另覓他處居住。縱使最壞的日子已經過去，至今布朗克斯仍舊擺脫不了舊時的惡名。
Zeki 故意拿瑞士的「斯普滕巴赫」跟美國的「布朗克斯」比較，引發了社會輿論的不小爭議，更有許多斯普滕巴赫居民表達不滿。不過，對於隔壁鎮「迪肯孔」的某些少年來說，這事情可完全不是這麼解讀的：他們認爲自己比較「酷」，迪肯孔才真正配得起「瑞士最危險地區」的稱號。
而分隔於州界東西邊的兩幫青少年，本來就互看不順眼，這張網紅製作的梗圖，便成爲這起衝突的導火線——他們先是在社交媒體上互酸互嗆，後來演變成真實世界裡的流血事件。
問題少年，必然來自「移民特別多」的地區？
或許你會好奇，這些彼此鬥毆青少年的家庭背景？根據瑞士媒體報導，他們是所謂的「移民第二代」（Secondos），而他們的父母大都來自科索沃、義大利、西班牙、葡萄牙與象牙海岸。（話說我前德國同事 M 的兒子，湊巧認識他們。幸好他當時拒絕了朋友的邀約，否則可能會上社會新聞⋯⋯）
另外值得注意的，是同處於利馬特谷地（Limmattal）的斯普滕巴赫與迪肯孔，也一直是聚集大量外來移民的地方。
瑞士，已是外國人口比例最高的歐洲國家之一，其 840 萬的總人口中，有近四分之一非瑞士籍。而「迪肯孔」的外來人口比例遠超過全國平均值，達 44.4% ，「斯普滕巴赫」更高達 50.3% ；後者甚至曾是瑞士境内，外籍人士比例最高的鎮區（目前瓦萊州的 Täsch 以 60% 的比例位居第一位）。
兩地的失業率和社會救助的比率也相對較高。例如： 2017 年瑞士平均社會救助的比率為3.3%，而迪肯孔與斯普滕巴赫分別為 6.4% 和 5.4% 。（註一）
因此，對部分瑞士人來説，這兩個地方的「形象」很接近：基本上就是「外國人特別多」、「小混混多」和「不美麗」，帶有「貧民區」的味道。
參加聚會時，我便曾聽聞朋友特別引述新聞的内容：「在迪肯孔的小學，有的班級裡頭外籍學童比瑞士人還多」；有人則更是語帶偏見地說：「在購物中心 Shoppi Tivoli 走逛的，幾乎全是『前南斯拉夫人』⋯⋯。」
瑞士，真的有「貧民區」嗎？
或許斯普滕巴赫與迪肯孔在不少瑞士人眼中的形象，並不是這麼地美好；但它們真的是所謂的「貧民區」，甚至如過去的南布朗克斯那樣危險、髒亂與衰敗嗎？
我曾經去過這兩個地方購物和看電影，並觀察當地的狀況：這兩個鎮區都設有購物中心，而且舉目所見幾乎全是相對單調的現代建築，少有歷史、特色建物，與瑞士境内知名城市的大山大水、人文景觀相比，確實遜色不少。然而，基本上當地的硬體建設狀況仍都維持著瑞士的平均水準，不僅環境不會特別髒亂，筆者造訪街頭時氣氛也十分平靜，並沒有感受到那種「讓人不知不覺心跳加速」的危險氣息。
再者，斯普滕巴赫與迪肯孔居民的組成，也不符合貧民區（Ghettos）的定義：
Ghettos 一字源於 16 世紀的威尼斯。當時威尼斯人強制隔離猶太人，迫使他們聚集居住。因此，現今 Ghettos 便意指社會中少數、弱勢族群「主動」或「被動」群聚的地區。（ Ghetto 跟中文也譯做「貧民區」或「貧民窟」的 Slum 有所不同： Slum 泛指貧窮人口聚集，居住環境惡劣的聚落； Ghetto 則帶有族群歧視的色彩）
雖然斯普滕巴赫與迪肯孔，確實居住了大量的外國移民，但他們來自多個國家，並沒有特定族群聚集、主動或被動與主流社會隔離的現象。
來自巴塞爾的社會學家 Hector Schmassmann 在接受《新蘇黎世報》訪問時便表示：瑞士並不存在所謂的「外國人貧民區」。他認爲因瑞士是一個小國、且習慣多元背景的交流，所以就算在外來人口比例近 50% 的地區，目前也沒有任何族群因此與外界隔絕。不會有部分其他西歐國家中所謂的「土耳其區」或「阿爾巴尼亞區」⋯⋯等。另外，相較於其他西歐國家，瑞士的職訓制度更為完整，提供了外國人更多進入勞動市場的機會、協助他們融入社會，因此並不會發生貧民區常見的嚴重青年失業率等問題。
對外來移民的接納與融入，仍是小國的重要課題
縱使瑞士沒有真正定義上的「貧民區」，但是在如斯普滕巴赫、 迪肯孔和其它外籍人士比例較高的地區，仍舊存在著歸屬感不足所衍生出的種種問題，值得社會重視——例如，前面提到的青少年暴力問題。
青少年心理學家 Allan Guggenbühl 在接受《SRF》記者專訪時指出，尚未融入社會、或在主流社會中感到「被邊緣化」的青少年團體，通常會以和「假想敵」互相較勁甚至暴力衝突的方式，來獲得歸屬感。例如在 3 月初的事件中，正是由於斯普滕巴赫與迪肯孔，是兩個極爲相似的社區，因此相鄰的兩幫青少年，會尋求任何理由互相比較，例如：誰比較「酷」、或誰比較像「幫派份子」（Gangster），藉此找出相異之處、區格彼此，進而勾勒出自己的樣子。
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瑞士網紅 Zeki 又做了一張梗圖，調侃了斯普滕巴赫。圖／網路共享資源
此外，做為外國人口比例很高的國家，儘管瑞士社會或許相較西歐目前許多國家，較無明顯的（主流人口和移民人口間的）族群衝突問題，但不可否認地，仍或多或少有著移民融入的問題——外籍人士特別多的地區，背負了「貧民區」的形象，即為一例。
也因此，在 8 月初，爲了提升斯普滕巴赫和迪肯孔所屬的「利馬特谷地」形象，當地社團「區域 2025 」（Regionale 2025），計劃在前者建造如同好萊塢標誌的利馬特谷地字牌。
沒想到這次，瑞士網紅 Zeki 又藉機調侃了斯普滕巴赫一番：他做了一張梗圖，為這個鎮區 P 上了白色字牌 — Spreitehood。（ Hood 是貧民區的別稱，源自 Neighborhood ）
只能說，要改變人們對這些地區的偏見，瑞士政府在移民融入議題上，還得必須多加努力呀。
※本文由換日線網站授權刊載，原標題為《 瑞士也有「貧民區」嗎？從一張「梗圖」引發的流血衝突說起》，未經同意禁止轉載
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Does Switzerland also have a "slum"? Talking about the bloody conflict caused by a "stalk map"
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Change Line Crossing August 24, 2019 7:00 AM
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Author: Rose Na / Switzerland is not the only pot cheese
Perhaps you have heard that in the major cities of the United States, there are often so-called "Ghettos"?
This usually means a crowded residential area in a metropolitan area with relatively inadequate infrastructure and resources and relatively backward development. And because the residents here are often relatively vulnerable people or minorities in the mainstream society, in economic, educational and legal terms, they are also called "the settlement of the disadvantaged groups."
So what about in Switzerland? People's impressions of Switzerland are mostly wealthy European countries, beautiful places, or "the rich people of all countries gather here." Is there really a "slum" in this country?
An incident that occurred at the beginning of this year triggered a lot of discussion.
a conflict caused by a "stalk map"
Zeki deliberately compared Switzerland's "Sputenbach" with the US "Bronx", which caused a lot of controversy. Figure / Network Sharing Resources
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Zeki deliberately compared Switzerland's "Sputenbach" with the US "Bronx", which caused a lot of controversy. Figure / Network Sharing Resources
On March 2nd, a bloodshed occurred in Spreitenbach, Aargau, Switzerland. In Shoppi Tivoli, the largest shopping centre in Switzerland, two groups of people from Sputenbach and Dietikon in Zurich have a bloody fight. A 15-year-old boy suffered a knife wound in his leg and must be treated urgently.
Why do they have a dispute? This must be said from a "network stalk" made by Swiss Net Red:
Zeki is one of the most popular nets in Switzerland today. He often produces humorous stickers and films based on the theme of Switzerland, attracting nearly 780,000 fans at IG.
Earlier this year, he released a stalk map with the theme of "slums." At the top of the picture is the back of a group of gangs; with a line of words "Bronx is one of the most dangerous areas in the United States"; below the picture, it is placed in Sputenbach's lack of local features and posted In a word: "In Switzerland, we call it Sputenbach."
The Bronx is the northernmost administrative district of New York City, with residents mostly African and Latino. At the end of the 20th century, the South Bronx in this area was a famous slum in the United States. Both the unemployment rate and the crime rate remain high. In addition to the problems of drugs, murders and gangs, many homeowners even deliberately set fire to their homes with low market value, thereby obtaining insurance money and living elsewhere. Even though the worst days have passed, the Bronx still can't get rid of the old notoriety.
Zeki deliberately compared Switzerland's "Sputenbach" with the American "Bronx", which triggered a lot of controversy in public opinion, and many Sputenbach residents expressed dissatisfaction. However, for some teenagers in the town of Dickenhole next door, this matter is completely uninterpreted: they think that they are more "cool" and Dickon Kong really deserves the "most dangerous area in Switzerland". title.
The two groups of teenagers separated from the east and west sides of the state have not been pleasing to each other. This stalk map made by the net red has become the fuse of this conflict. They first interacted with each other on social media and later became real. Bloodshed in the world.
The problem teenagers must come from the area where "immigrants are particularly large"?
Perhaps you will be curious about the family background of these young people fighting each other? According to Swiss media reports, they are the so-called "Secondos", and their parents are mostly from Kosovo, Italy, Spain, Portugal and the Ivory Coast. (Speaking to the son of my former German colleague M, I happened to know them. Fortunately, he refused the invitation of a friend, otherwise he might go to social news.)
Also worth noting is that Sputenbach and Dikekon, both in the Limmattal, have always been places where a large number of immigrants are gathered.
Switzerland is one of the European countries with the highest proportion of foreign population, and nearly a quarter of its total population of 8.4 million is non-Swiss. The proportion of migrants in "Dikeken" far exceeds the national average, reaching 44.4%, and "Sputenbach" is as high as 50.3%; the latter was even the highest proportion of foreigners in Switzerland (currently in Valais) Täsch ranks first with 60%.)
The unemployment rate and the ratio of social assistance in the two places are also relatively high. For example: In 2017, the average Swiss social assistance rate was 3.3%, while Dickencon and Sputtenbach were 6.4% and 5.4% respectively. (Note 1)
Therefore, for some Swiss people, the "image" of these two places is very close: basically, "there are a lot of foreigners", "a little punk" and "not beautiful", with the taste of "slums".
When I attended the party, I heard that the content of the news was especially quoted by my friends: "In the elementary school in Dickencon, there are more foreign students than the Swiss in some classes." Some people even prejudice: "At the shopping center. Shoppi Tivoli is almost all "Mrs. Former Yugoslavia"."
Is there really a “slum” in Switzerland?
Perhaps the image of Sputenbach and Dickon Hole in the eyes of many Swiss people is not so beautiful; but they are really so-called "slums", even as dangerous and messy as the South Bronx in the past. Decay?
I have been to these two places to shop and watch movies, and to observe the local situation: these two towns have shopping centers, and all of them are almost monotonous modern buildings, with few historical and characteristic buildings. The mountains and waters of the famous cities in Switzerland are quite inferior to the human landscape. However, basically the local hardware construction situation still maintains the average level of Switzerland. Not only the environment will not be particularly messy, the atmosphere of the author is very calm when visiting the streets, and I don’t feel the kind of "uninviting heartbeat acceleration." The dangerous atmosphere.
Furthermore, the composition of the residents of Sputenbach and Dickon is not in line with the definition of the Ghettos:
The word Ghettos originated in Venice in the 16th century. At that time, the Venetians forced the isolation of Jews and forced them to live together. Therefore, today Ghettos refers to the areas where a small number of vulnerable groups in the society are "active" or "passive". (Ghetto is different from Slum, which is also translated as "slum" or "slum" in Chinese: Slum refers to the gathering of poor people and poor living environment; Ghetto has the color of ethnic discrimination)
Although Sputenbach and Dickon Kong do live in a large number of foreign immigrants, they come from many countries and there is no specific ethnic group gathering, active or passive isolation from the mainstream society.
Hector Schmassmann, a sociologist from Basel, said in an interview with the New Zurich newspaper that there is no such thing as a "foreign slum" in Switzerland. He believes that because Switzerland is a small country and is accustomed to a diverse background, even in areas where the proportion of migrants is nearly 50%, there are currently no ethnic groups and therefore isolated from the outside world. There will be no so-called "Turkish" or "Albanian" in other Western European countries. In addition, compared to other Western European countries, Switzerland's vocational training system is more complete, providing foreigners with more access to the labor market and assisting them to integrate into society. Therefore, there will be no serious unemployment rate in the slums. .
The acceptance and integration of immigrants is still an important issue for small countries.
Even though Switzerland does not have a truly defined “slum”, in areas such as Sputtenbach, Dickencon and other foreigners, there are still problems arising from the lack of a sense of belonging, which deserves the attention of the society – - For example, the aforementioned issue of juvenile violence.
Adolescent psychologist Allan Guggenbühl pointed out in an exclusive interview with SRF reporters that young people who have not yet integrated into the society or feel "marginalized" in the mainstream society usually use a way of confronting or even violent conflict with "imaginary enemies". To gain a sense of belonging. For example, in the event in early March, it was because Sputenbach and Dickon Kong were two very similar communities, so the two adjacent teenagers would seek any reason to compare with each other, for example: Who is more cool? Or who is more like "Gangster" to find out what is different, how to distinguish each other, and then outline what they are.
Swiss net red Zeki made another stalk map and teased Sputenbach. Figure / Network Sharing Resources
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Swiss net red Zeki made another stalk map and teased Sputenbach. Figure / Network Sharing Resources
In addition, as a country with a high proportion of foreign population, although Swiss society may have fewer ethnic conflicts (between mainstream population and immigrant population) than many countries in Western Europe, it is undeniably still more or less The problem of immigrant integration - the area where there are a lot of foreigners, bears the image of "slums", which is an example.
Therefore, in early August, in order to enhance the image of the "Limat Valley" to which Sputenbach and Dickencon belong, the local community "Regionale 2025" (Regionale 2025) plans to build the Limat Valley like the Hollywood sign in the former. Plate.
Unexpectedly, this time, the Swiss net red Zeki took the opportunity to ridicule Sputenbach: he made a stalk map, a white plate for the township P - Spreitehood. (Hood is another name for the slum, from Neighborhood)
It can only be said that to change people's prejudice against these areas, the Swiss government must work harder on the issue of immigration integration.
※ This article is authorized by the website of the daily line. The original title is “Do you also have “slums” in Switzerland? Speaking from a bloody conflict caused by a "stalk map", reprint without permission
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About the Author:
Changhua, settled in Zurich, the pseudonym "Genna" comes from the abbreviation of the French name Gwenaëlle. He majored in French, supplemented with Italian, and studied German in Zurich. In the era of the Institute of European Studies in Tamkang, he wrote a very serious political and economic thesis, and now he regards "Switzerland" as the object of research. Traveling to more than 30 countries, he traveled to 26 countries in Switzerland. The most incredible thing in life is to become a Swiss wife with the twin sister (缇琪). Because of the residents of the Canton of Zurich and the daughter-in-law of Fribourg, they traveled between the German-French areas of Switzerland. Thinking mode is like a TV channel in the home, and between German and French, it is cut, but the most slippery is Mandarin.
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瑞士也有「貧民區」嗎？從一張「梗圖」引發的流血衝突說起
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777 人追蹤
換日線Crossing2019年8月24日 上午7:00
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作者：瑰娜／瑞士不是只有起司鍋
或許你曾經聽聞過，美國各大城市中，時常有著所謂的「貧民區」（Ghettos）？
這通常意指在一個都會區中，基礎設施與資源相對不足、發展相對落後的擁擠住宅區。又因爲這裏的居民往往是主流社會中，在經濟、教育和法律上的相對弱勢人士或少數族群，所以也被稱為「弱勢族群的聚落」。
那麼，在瑞士呢？人們對瑞士的印象，大多是富裕的歐洲小國、美景處處，或「各國有錢人匯聚在此」。在這個國家，是否真有「貧民區」的存在？
今年初發生的一起事件，便引發了廣大的討論。
一張「梗圖」引發的衝突
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Zeki 故意拿瑞士「斯普滕巴赫」跟美國「布朗克斯」比較，引發不小爭議。圖／網路共享資源
3 月 2 日，位於瑞士阿爾高州的斯普滕巴赫（Spreitenbach），發生了一起流血事件。在號稱瑞士境内最大的購物中心 Shoppi Tivoli ，兩群分別來自斯普滕巴赫與蘇黎世州迪肯孔（Dietikon）、一共大約 30 名青少年爆發流血鬥毆。一位 15 歲少年的腿部受到刀傷，必須緊急送醫治療。
為什麼他們會發生爭執？這必須從一張瑞士網紅製作的「網路梗圖」說起：
Zeki 是現今瑞士最具人氣的網紅之一。他常以瑞士大小事為題材，製作幽默的貼圖與影片，在 IG 吸引了將近 78 萬名粉絲。
今年初，他發佈了一張以「貧民區」為主題的梗圖。圖的上方，是一群幫派分子的背影；並搭配一行「布朗克斯是美國最危險的區域之一」的文字；圖的下方，則置入斯普滕巴赫缺乏地方特色的風景，並貼上一句話：「在瑞士，我們叫它斯普滕巴赫。」
布朗克斯（The Bronx）是美國紐約市最北邊的行政區，居民大多為非洲和拉丁美洲裔。 20 世紀末此區的「南布朗克斯」，更是美國著名的貧民區。失業率與犯罪率均居高不下。除了毒品、謀殺及幫派問題曾出不窮外，許多屋主甚至蓄意縱火，燒了自己市值低落的房子，藉此獲取保險金，另覓他處居住。縱使最壞的日子已經過去，至今布朗克斯仍舊擺脫不了舊時的惡名。
Zeki 故意拿瑞士的「斯普滕巴赫」跟美國的「布朗克斯」比較，引發了社會輿論的不小爭議，更有許多斯普滕巴赫居民表達不滿。不過，對於隔壁鎮「迪肯孔」的某些少年來說，這事情可完全不是這麼解讀的：他們認爲自己比較「酷」，迪肯孔才真正配得起「瑞士最危險地區」的稱號。
而分隔於州界東西邊的兩幫青少年，本來就互看不順眼，這張網紅製作的梗圖，便成爲這起衝突的導火線——他們先是在社交媒體上互酸互嗆，後來演變成真實世界裡的流血事件。
問題少年，必然來自「移民特別多」的地區？
或許你會好奇，這些彼此鬥毆青少年的家庭背景？根據瑞士媒體報導，他們是所謂的「移民第二代」（Secondos），而他們的父母大都來自科索沃、義大利、西班牙、葡萄牙與象牙海岸。（話說我前德國同事 M 的兒子，湊巧認識他們。幸好他當時拒絕了朋友的邀約，否則可能會上社會新聞⋯⋯）
另外值得注意的，是同處於利馬特谷地（Limmattal）的斯普滕巴赫與迪肯孔，也一直是聚集大量外來移民的地方。
瑞士，已是外國人口比例最高的歐洲國家之一，其 840 萬的總人口中，有近四分之一非瑞士籍。而「迪肯孔」的外來人口比例遠超過全國平均值，達 44.4% ，「斯普滕巴赫」更高達 50.3% ；後者甚至曾是瑞士境内，外籍人士比例最高的鎮區（目前瓦萊州的 Täsch 以 60% 的比例位居第一位）。
兩地的失業率和社會救助的比率也相對較高。例如： 2017 年瑞士平均社會救助的比率為3.3%，而迪肯孔與斯普滕巴赫分別為 6.4% 和 5.4% 。（註一）
因此，對部分瑞士人來説，這兩個地方的「形象」很接近：基本上就是「外國人特別多」、「小混混多」和「不美麗」，帶有「貧民區」的味道。
參加聚會時，我便曾聽聞朋友特別引述新聞的内容：「在迪肯孔的小學，有的班級裡頭外籍學童比瑞士人還多」；有人則更是語帶偏見地說：「在購物中心 Shoppi Tivoli 走逛的，幾乎全是『前南斯拉夫人』⋯⋯。」
瑞士，真的有「貧民區」嗎？
或許斯普滕巴赫與迪肯孔在不少瑞士人眼中的形象，並不是這麼地美好；但它們真的是所謂的「貧民區」，甚至如過去的南布朗克斯那樣危險、髒亂與衰敗嗎？
我曾經去過這兩個地方購物和看電影，並觀察當地的狀況：這兩個鎮區都設有購物中心，而且舉目所見幾乎全是相對單調的現代建築，少有歷史、特色建物，與瑞士境内知名城市的大山大水、人文景觀相比，確實遜色不少。然而，基本上當地的硬體建設狀況仍都維持著瑞士的平均水準，不僅環境不會特別髒亂，筆者造訪街頭時氣氛也十分平靜，並沒有感受到那種「讓人不知不覺心跳加速」的危險氣息。
再者，斯普滕巴赫與迪肯孔居民的組成，也不符合貧民區（Ghettos）的定義：
Ghettos 一字源於 16 世紀的威尼斯。當時威尼斯人強制隔離猶太人，迫使他們聚集居住。因此，現今 Ghettos 便意指社會中少數、弱勢族群「主動」或「被動」群聚的地區。（ Ghetto 跟中文也譯做「貧民區」或「貧民窟」的 Slum 有所不同： Slum 泛指貧窮人口聚集，居住環境惡劣的聚落； Ghetto 則帶有族群歧視的色彩）
雖然斯普滕巴赫與迪肯孔，確實居住了大量的外國移民，但他們來自多個國家，並沒有特定族群聚集、主動或被動與主流社會隔離的現象。
來自巴塞爾的社會學家 Hector Schmassmann 在接受《新蘇黎世報》訪問時便表示：瑞士並不存在所謂的「外國人貧民區」。他認爲因瑞士是一個小國、且習慣多元背景的交流，所以就算在外來人口比例近 50% 的地區，目前也沒有任何族群因此與外界隔絕。不會有部分其他西歐國家中所謂的「土耳其區」或「阿爾巴尼亞區」⋯⋯等。另外，相較於其他西歐國家，瑞士的職訓制度更為完整，提供了外國人更多進入勞動市場的機會、協助他們融入社會，因此並不會發生貧民區常見的嚴重青年失業率等問題。
對外來移民的接納與融入，仍是小國的重要課題
縱使瑞士沒有真正定義上的「貧民區」，但是在如斯普滕巴赫、 迪肯孔和其它外籍人士比例較高的地區，仍舊存在著歸屬感不足所衍生出的種種問題，值得社會重視——例如，前面提到的青少年暴力問題。
青少年心理學家 Allan Guggenbühl 在接受《SRF》記者專訪時指出，尚未融入社會、或在主流社會中感到「被邊緣化」的青少年團體，通常會以和「假想敵」互相較勁甚至暴力衝突的方式，來獲得歸屬感。例如在 3 月初的事件中，正是由於斯普滕巴赫與迪肯孔，是兩個極爲相似的社區，因此相鄰的兩幫青少年，會尋求任何理由互相比較，例如：誰比較「酷」、或誰比較像「幫派份子」（Gangster），藉此找出相異之處、區格彼此，進而勾勒出自己的樣子。
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瑞士網紅 Zeki 又做了一張梗圖，調侃了斯普滕巴赫。圖／網路共享資源
此外，做為外國人口比例很高的國家，儘管瑞士社會或許相較西歐目前許多國家，較無明顯的（主流人口和移民人口間的）族群衝突問題，但不可否認地，仍或多或少有著移民融入的問題——外籍人士特別多的地區，背負了「貧民區」的形象，即為一例。
也因此，在 8 月初，爲了提升斯普滕巴赫和迪肯孔所屬的「利馬特谷地」形象，當地社團「區域 2025 」（Regionale 2025），計劃在前者建造如同好萊塢標誌的利馬特谷地字牌。
沒想到這次，瑞士網紅 Zeki 又藉機調侃了斯普滕巴赫一番：他做了一張梗圖，為這個鎮區 P 上了白色字牌 — Spreitehood。（ Hood 是貧民區的別稱，源自 Neighborhood ）
只能說，要改變人們對這些地區的偏見，瑞士政府在移民融入議題上，還得必須多加努力呀。
※本文由換日線網站授權刊載，原標題為《 瑞士也有「貧民區」嗎？從一張「梗圖」引發的流血衝突說起》，未經同意禁止轉載
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彰化人，定居蘇黎世，筆名「瑰娜」來自法文名Gwenaëlle的縮寫。在輔大主修法文、輔系義大利文，又在蘇黎世修習德文。淡江歐洲研究所時代，寫過很正經的政經論文，現在則把「瑞士」當作研究的對象。旅遊世界三十餘國，跑遍瑞士二十六邦。目前人生中最不可思議的事是和雙胞胎妹妹（緹琪）一起變成瑞士人妻。因為身兼蘇黎世州居民和弗里堡州媳婦，所以遊走於瑞士德法語區之間。思考模式就像家中的電視頻道，德語和法語台之間切來切去，但最溜的還是國台語。
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Does Switzerland also have a "slum"? Talking about the bloody conflict caused by a "stalk map"
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Author: Rose Na / Switzerland is not the only pot cheese
Perhaps you have heard that in the major cities of the United States, there are often so-called "Ghettos"?
This usually means a crowded residential area in a metropolitan area with relatively inadequate infrastructure and resources and relatively backward development. And because the residents here are often relatively vulnerable people or minorities in the mainstream society, in economic, educational and legal terms, they are also called "the settlement of the disadvantaged groups."
So what about in Switzerland? People's impressions of Switzerland are mostly wealthy European countries, beautiful places, or "the rich people of all countries gather here." Is there really a "slum" in this country?
An incident that occurred at the beginning of this year triggered a lot of discussion.
a conflict caused by a "stalk map"
Zeki deliberately compared Switzerland's "Sputenbach" with the US "Bronx", which caused a lot of controversy. Figure / Network Sharing Resources
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Zeki deliberately compared Switzerland's "Sputenbach" with the US "Bronx", which caused a lot of controversy. Figure / Network Sharing Resources
On March 2nd, a bloodshed occurred in Spreitenbach, Aargau, Switzerland. In Shoppi Tivoli, the largest shopping centre in Switzerland, two groups of people from Sputenbach and Dietikon in Zurich have a bloody fight. A 15-year-old boy suffered a knife wound in his leg and must be treated urgently.
Why do they have a dispute? This must be said from a "network stalk" made by Swiss Net Red:
Zeki is one of the most popular nets in Switzerland today. He often produces humorous stickers and films based on the theme of Switzerland, attracting nearly 780,000 fans at IG.
Earlier this year, he released a stalk map with the theme of "slums." At the top of the picture is the back of a group of gangs; with a line of words "Bronx is one of the most dangerous areas in the United States"; below the picture, it is placed in Sputenbach's lack of local features and posted In a word: "In Switzerland, we call it Sputenbach."
The Bronx is the northernmost administrative district of New York City, with residents mostly African and Latino. At the end of the 20th century, the South Bronx in this area was a famous slum in the United States. Both the unemployment rate and the crime rate remain high. In addition to the problems of drugs, murders and gangs, many homeowners even deliberately set fire to their homes with low market value, thereby obtaining insurance money and living elsewhere. Even though the worst days have passed, the Bronx still can't get rid of the old notoriety.
Zeki deliberately compared Switzerland's "Sputenbach" with the American "Bronx", which triggered a lot of controversy in public opinion, and many Sputenbach residents expressed dissatisfaction. However, for some teenagers in the town of Dickenhole next door, this matter is completely uninterpreted: they think that they are more "cool" and Dickon Kong really deserves the "most dangerous area in Switzerland". title.
The two groups of teenagers separated from the east and west sides of the state have not been pleasing to each other. This stalk map made by the net red has become the fuse of this conflict. They first interacted with each other on social media and later became real. Bloodshed in the world.
The problem teenagers must come from the area where "immigrants are particularly large"?
Perhaps you will be curious about the family background of these young people fighting each other? According to Swiss media reports, they are the so-called "Secondos", and their parents are mostly from Kosovo, Italy, Spain, Portugal and the Ivory Coast. (Speaking to the son of my former German colleague M, I happened to know them. Fortunately, he refused the invitation of a friend, otherwise he might go to social news.)
Also worth noting is that Sputenbach and Dikekon, both in the Limmattal, have always been places where a large number of immigrants are gathered.
Switzerland is one of the European countries with the highest proportion of foreign population, and nearly a quarter of its total population of 8.4 million is non-Swiss. The proportion of migrants in "Dikeken" far exceeds the national average, reaching 44.4%, and "Sputenbach" is as high as 50.3%; the latter was even the highest proportion of foreigners in Switzerland (currently in Valais) Täsch ranks first with 60%.)
The unemployment rate and the ratio of social assistance in the two places are also relatively high. For example: In 2017, the average Swiss social assistance rate was 3.3%, while Dickencon and Sputtenbach were 6.4% and 5.4% respectively. (Note 1)
Therefore, for some Swiss people, the "image" of these two places is very close: basically, "there are a lot of foreigners", "a little punk" and "not beautiful", with the taste of "slums".
When I attended the party, I heard that the content of the news was especially quoted by my friends: "In the elementary school in Dickencon, there are more foreign students than the Swiss in some classes." Some people even prejudice: "At the shopping center. Shoppi Tivoli is almost all "Mrs. Former Yugoslavia"."
Is there really a “slum” in Switzerland?
Perhaps the image of Sputenbach and Dickon Hole in the eyes of many Swiss people is not so beautiful; but they are really so-called "slums", even as dangerous and messy as the South Bronx in the past. Decay?
I have been to these two places to shop and watch movies, and to observe the local situation: these two towns have shopping centers, and all of them are almost monotonous modern buildings, with few historical and characteristic buildings. The mountains and waters of the famous cities in Switzerland are quite inferior to the human landscape. However, basically the local hardware construction situation still maintains the average level of Switzerland. Not only the environment will not be particularly messy, the atmosphere of the author is very calm when visiting the streets, and I don’t feel the kind of "uninviting heartbeat acceleration." The dangerous atmosphere.
Furthermore, the composition of the residents of Sputenbach and Dickon is not in line with the definition of the Ghettos:
The word Ghettos originated in Venice in the 16th century. At that time, the Venetians forced the isolation of Jews and forced them to live together. Therefore, today Ghettos refers to the areas where a small number of vulnerable groups in the society are "active" or "passive". (Ghetto is different from Slum, which is also translated as "slum" or "slum" in Chinese: Slum refers to the gathering of poor people and poor living environment; Ghetto has the color of ethnic discrimination)
Although Sputenbach and Dickon Kong do live in a large number of foreign immigrants, they come from many countries and there is no specific ethnic group gathering, active or passive isolation from the mainstream society.
Hector Schmassmann, a sociologist from Basel, said in an interview with the New Zurich newspaper that there is no such thing as a "foreign slum" in Switzerland. He believes that because Switzerland is a small country and is accustomed to a diverse background, even in areas where the proportion of migrants is nearly 50%, there are currently no ethnic groups and therefore isolated from the outside world. There will be no so-called "Turkish" or "Albanian" in other Western European countries. In addition, compared to other Western European countries, Switzerland's vocational training system is more complete, providing foreigners with more access to the labor market and assisting them to integrate into society. Therefore, there will be no serious unemployment rate in the slums. .
The acceptance and integration of immigrants is still an important issue for small countries.
Even though Switzerland does not have a truly defined “slum”, in areas such as Sputtenbach, Dickencon and other foreigners, there are still problems arising from the lack of a sense of belonging, which deserves the attention of the society – - For example, the aforementioned issue of juvenile violence.
Adolescent psychologist Allan Guggenbühl pointed out in an exclusive interview with SRF reporters that young people who have not yet integrated into the society or feel "marginalized" in the mainstream society usually use a way of confronting or even violent conflict with "imaginary enemies". To gain a sense of belonging. For example, in the event in early March, it was because Sputenbach and Dickon Kong were two very similar communities, so the two adjacent teenagers would seek any reason to compare with each other, for example: Who is more cool? Or who is more like "Gangster" to find out what is different, how to distinguish each other, and then outline what they are.
Swiss net red Zeki made another stalk map and teased Sputenbach. Figure / Network Sharing Resources
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Swiss net red Zeki made another stalk map and teased Sputenbach. Figure / Network Sharing Resources
In addition, as a country with a high proportion of foreign population, although Swiss society may have fewer ethnic conflicts (between mainstream population and immigrant population) than many countries in Western Europe, it is undeniably still more or less The problem of immigrant integration - the area where there are a lot of foreigners, bears the image of "slums", which is an example.
Therefore, in early August, in order to enhance the image of the "Limat Valley" to which Sputenbach and Dickencon belong, the local community "Regionale 2025" (Regionale 2025) plans to build the Limat Valley like the Hollywood sign in the former. Plate.
Unexpectedly, this time, the Swiss net red Zeki took the opportunity to ridicule Sputenbach: he made a stalk map, a white plate for the township P - Spreitehood. (Hood is another name for the slum, from Neighborhood)
It can only be said that to change people's prejudice against these areas, the Swiss government must work harder on the issue of immigration integration.
※ This article is authorized by the website of the daily line. The original title is “Do you also have “slums” in Switzerland? Speaking from a bloody conflict caused by a "stalk map", reprint without permission
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About the Author:
Changhua, settled in Zurich, the pseudonym "Genna" comes from the abbreviation of the French name Gwenaëlle. He majored in French, supplemented with Italian, and studied German in Zurich. In the era of the Institute of European Studies in Tamkang, he wrote a very serious political and economic thesis, and now he regards "Switzerland" as the object of research. Traveling to more than 30 countries, he traveled to 26 countries in Switzerland. The most incredible thing in life is to become a Swiss wife with the twin sister (缇琪). Because of the residents of the Canton of Zurich and the daughter-in-law of Fribourg, they traveled between the German-French areas of Switzerland. Thinking mode is like a TV channel in the home, and between German and French, it is cut, but the most slippery is Mandarin.
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