Finally science says Planet Earth's Clearest Sign of DEATH & End Of Civilization is Shown! Core Lao Sai!

[tun_dr_m]

https://www.rt.com/news/463992-earth-core-leaking-magnetic-field/


Earth’s magnetic field, critical to all life, may be in danger from 'leaking core'
Published time: 12 Jul, 2019 09:40 Edited time: 12 Jul, 2019 09:50
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© Pixabay / Bela Geletneky

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Scientists studying the earth’s core, vital to protecting us from dangerous high-energy particles from space, believe not only that it is leaking, but that it has been for about 2.5 billion years.
While the cause of the leak remains unknown, as do the consequences for the Earth’s magnetic field, scientists appear to have resolved the decades-old debate about whether the Earth’s core and mantle exchange material or not.
Also on rt.com Earth’s magnetic field is mysteriously acting up, pushing North Pole towards Siberia
The core is composed of iron and nickel, and with elements like platinum, gold, and tungsten. It reaches temperatures of 5,000 degrees Celsius (9,000 Fahrenheit) and many believe it’s responsible for up to 50 percent of the volcanic heat released around the planet.
The researchers, from French, Canadian, US and Australian universities, found newer mountains and rocks on the Earth’s surface featuring tungsten isotopes which are typically found in the outer core, but no farther up. As a result, the team posits that so-called ‘mantle plumes’ brought core material to the surface. There was no evidence of leaks prior to this recent discovery.

© Geochem. Persp / Rizo, H., Andrault, D., Bennett, N.R. et al (2019)
The implications of the research are still unclear. However, we know that the spinning solid part of the core is responsible for the Earth’s magnetosphere which helps protect us from the nastiest particles firing around space. Scientists believe that the liquid part of the core is slowly solidifying and this latest research may provide unique insights into both the evolution of the Earth’s core as well as the origin of our all-important magnetosphere.
The research was published recently in GeochemicalPerspective Letters.
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[tun_dr_m]

99% Chance of this caused by exploitation of mankind.

50% chance of this caused by FRAGMENTATION of Earth's Structure for SHELF OIL EXTRACTION.

 

[mudhatter]

Wah lau eh.

Better follow some real scientific literature than KGB psyops campaign through RT.

https://www.nature.com/natelectron/volumes/2/issues/2

Here got Pee Sai stinky featured on Nature.

Read other real science, technology journals or papers.

Why get worked up over KGB psy ops material?

 

[tun_dr_m]

Wah lau eh.

Better follow some real scientific literature than KGB psyops campaign through RT.

https://www.nature.com/natelectron/volumes/2/issues/2

Here got Pee Sai stinky featured on Nature.

Read other real science, technology journals or papers.

Why get worked up over KGB psy ops material?

It is TRUE SCIENCE, accept your fate!

https://www.sciencealert.com/earth-s-core-has-been-leaking-for-billions-of-years

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Mt Bromo crater. (yumi mini/iStock)
NATURE
A New Study Just Revealed That Earth's Core Is Actually Leaking

HANIKA RIZO, DAVID MURPHY & DENIS ANDRAULT, THE CONVERSATION
11 JUL 2019
Earth's magnetic field protects and makes our planet habitable by stopping harmful high-energy particles from space, including from the Sun. The source of this magnetic field is the core at the centre of our planet.

But the core is very difficult to study, partly because it starts at a depth of about 2,900 kilometres (1,800 miles), making it too deep to sample and directly investigate.
Yet we are part of a research team that found a way to get information about Earth's core, with details published recently in Geochemical Perspective Letters.
It's hot down there
The core is the hottest part of our planet with the outer core reaching temperatures of more than 5,000 degrees Celsius (9,000 Fahrenheit). This has to affect the overlying mantle and it is estimated that 50 percent of volcanic heat comes from the core.

(Shutterstock/VRVector)
Volcanic activity is the planet's main cooling mechanism. Certain volcanism, such as that which is still forming volcanic islands of Hawaii and Iceland, might be linked to the core by mantle plumes that transfer heat from the core to Earth's surface.
Yet whether there is any exchange of physical material between the core and the mantle has been a subject of debate for decades.
Our findings suggest some core material does transfer into the base of these mantle plumes, and the core has been leaking this material for the past 2.5 billion years.

We discovered this by looking at very small variations in the ratio of isotopes of the element tungsten (isotopes are basically versions of the same element that just contain different numbers of neutrons).
To study Earth's core, we need to search for chemical tracers of core material in volcanic rocks derived from the deep mantle.
We know the core has a very distinct chemistry, dominated by iron and nickel together with elements such as tungsten, platinum and gold that dissolve in iron-nickel alloy. Therefore, the metal alloy-loving elements are a good choice to investigate for traces of the core.
The search for tungsten isotopes
Tungsten (chemical symbol W) as the base element has 74 protons. Tungsten has several isotopes, including 182W (with 108 neutrons) and 184W (with 110 neutrons).
These isotopes of tungsten have potential to be the most conclusive tracers of core material, because the mantle is expected to have much higher 182W/184W ratios than the core.
This is because of another element, Hafnium (Hf), which does not dissolve in iron-nickel alloy and is enriched in the mantle, and had a now-extinct isotope (182Hf) that decayed to 182W. This gives the mantle extra 182W relative to the tungsten in the core.
But the analysis required to detect variations in tungsten isotopes is incredibly challenging, as we are looking at variations in the 182W/184W ratio in parts per million and the concentration of tungsten in rocks is as low as tens of parts per billion. Fewer than five laboratories in the world can do this type of analysis.

Evidence of a leak
Our study shows a substantial change in the 182W/184W ratio of the mantle over Earth's lifetime. Earth's oldest rocks have significantly higher 182W/184W than than most rocks of the modern-day Earth.
The change in the 182W/184W ratio of the mantle indicates that tungsten from the core has been leaking into the mantle for a long time.
Interestingly, in Earth's oldest volcanic rocks, over a time frame of 1.8 billion years there is no significant change in the mantle's tungsten isotopes. This indicates that from 4.3 billion to 2.7 billion years ago, little or no material from the core was transferred into the upper mantle.
But in the subsequent 2.5 billion years, the tungsten isotope composition of the mantle has significantly changed. We infer that a change in plate tectonics, towards the end of the Archean Eon from about 2.6 billion years ago triggered large enough convective currents in the mantle to change the tungsten isotopes of all modern rocks.
Why the leak?
If mantle plumes are ascending from the core-mantle boundary to the surface, it follows that material from Earth's surface must also descend into the deep mantle.
Subduction, the term used for rocks from Earth's surface descending into the mantle, takes oxygen-rich material from the surface into the deep mantle as an integral component of plate tectonics.

Experiments show that increase in oxygen concentration at the core-mantle boundary could cause tungsten to separate out of the core and into the mantle.
Alternatively, inner core solidification would also increase the oxygen concentration of the outer core. In this case, our new results could tell us something about the evolution of the core, including the origin of Earth's magnetic field.

How the Earth's core might be leaking material into the mantle plumes. (Neil Bennett)
Earth's core started as entirely liquid metal and has been cooling and partially solidifying over time. The magnetic field is generated by the spin of the inner solid core. The time of inner core crystallisation is one of the most difficult questions to answer in Earth and planetary sciences.
Our study gives us a tracer that can be used to investigate core-mantle interaction and the change in the internal dynamics of our planet, and which can boost our understanding of how and when the magnetic field was turned on.

Hanika Rizo, Assistant Professor, Carleton University; David Murphy, Lecturer in Geoscience, Queensland University of Technology, and Denis Andrault, Professor, Université Clermont Auvergne.
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
Learn More

1. Reverse engineering nuclear properties from rare earth abundances in the r process
   M R Mumpower et al., J Phys G Nucl Part Phys, 2017
2. Nucleosynthesis in 2D core-collapse supernovae of 11.2 and 17.0 M⊙ progenitors: implications for Mo and Ru production
   M Eichler et al., J Phys G Nucl Part Phys, 2017

1. Two-dimensional noncommutative gravitational quantum well
   Latevi Lawson et al., J Phys A Math Theor, 2017
2. Entanglement and quantum state geometry of a spin system with all-range Ising-type interaction
   A R Kuzmak, J Phys A Math Theor, 2018

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[tun_dr_m]

https://www.earth.com/news/north-pole-moving/

06-28-2019
The north pole is moving at a dangerous pace

By Olivia Harvey

Earth.com staff writer





At the beginning of the 20th century, the magnetic north pole was located in Canada. In 2000, it was in Greenland. And now, almost 20 years later, the magnetic north pole is currently en route to Siberia, moving eastward at about 40 kilometres per year. And with the Earth’s magnetic field prone to reverse its polarity, the Earth and our technology could be at risk for major disruption.


It’s been long believed that Earth’s magnetic field is generated by an electrically conductive liquid at the center of the Earth called a geodynamo. This liquid is moved around through the convection currents between the Earth’s inner and outer core, and as it moves, hot liquid iron, packed with electrons, rises toward the surface of the outer core, cools, becomes more dense, and descends again. This process is thought to generate the magnetic field.


However, the fluid also moves as the planet rotates, and its viscosity also contributes to the flow pattern, thus causing a tangled web of magnetic field lines. Although turbulent, the flow moves incredibly slow, thus the poles shift gradually.


“When we say the flow is turbulent, we mean on a timescale of tens of thousands of years,” Gary Glatzmaier, from the University of California, Santa Cruz, told NewScientist.


But if the poles move, does this mean they can flip entirely? And if so, are we in danger? After all, the current magnetic field deflects charged particles in the solar wind.


Earth’s magnetic field has flipped before, NewScientist reports, and it has also grown weaker and stronger throughout its existence. In fact, there have been 183 pole reversals in the past 83 million years, with the last one happening 780,000 years ago. The field has even been on the verge of collapsing entirely — it spent about 75,000 years rapidly changing direction, according to John Tarduno, from the University of Rochester, New York, per NewScientist. And if that had happened, life as we know it would be nonexistent.


Luckily, “when the inner core started to form, it provided a new energy source for the magnetic field,” Tarduno said, thus giving life the opportunity to form later down the road.


To attempt to track the magnetic field’s movement and the potential for the poles to switch, scientists are in the process of developing computer models to accurately predict the field’s next move.


“Our computer models are complicated, but not nearly as complicated as the reality down there,” Glatzmaier said. “The flow structure is twisting and shearing the existing magnetic field, and generating more magnetic field in the process. We have to use a very crude approximation of this.”





Furthermore, other scientists have created physical models to track the magnetic field in a more realistic sense. According to NewScientist, Daniel Lathrop, from the University of Maryland, has created an accurate model of the Earth’s core — a ball of rotating liquid sodium, encased in stainless steel with a solid metal core at the center, which can be rotated independently.


31 magnetometers distributed around the outer surface of the liquid sodium ball measure the generated field. And because this model core is so much smaller than the actual thing, Lathrop’s team compensate with a better conducting metal than iron and faster rotation — the sphere rotates four times per second when at full speed.


Via this model, Lathrop’s team have shown that the turbulent flow of liquid metal will amplify and sustain a magnetic field, proving the geodynamo hypothesis true. Although they haven’t managed to get a magnetic field to spontaneously appear, like Earth’s did, they have been able to apply a seed field, amplified by the sloshing sodium.


But this evidence is not yet accurate enough to predict when Earth’s magnetic field will undergo reversals.


Others are working on models to answer this question, and all their effort is appreciated. If we can better understand the Earth’s magnetic field and its ability to flip, we can better protect our technology and power grids from solar storms and cosmic rays.


—


By Olivia Harvey, Earth.com Staff Writer


Image Credit: Shutterstock/elRoce

 

[tun_dr_m]

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00007-1


NEWS
09 January 2019


Earth’s magnetic field is acting up and geologists don’t know why

Erratic motion of north magnetic pole forces experts to update model that aids global navigation.



Alexandra Witze

PDF version

Update, 9 January: The release of the World Magnetic Model has been postponed to 30 January due to the ongoing US government shutdown.
Something strange is going on at the top of the world. Earth’s north magnetic pole has been skittering away from Canada and towards Siberia, driven by liquid iron sloshing within the planet’s core. The magnetic pole is moving so quickly that it has forced the world’s geomagnetism experts into a rare move.
On 15 January, they are set to update the World Magnetic Model, which describes the planet’s magnetic field and underlies all modern navigation, from the systems that steer ships at sea to Google Maps on smartphones.
The most recent version of the model came out in 2015 and was supposed to last until 2020 — but the magnetic field is changing so rapidly that researchers have to fix the model now. “The error is increasing all the time,” says Arnaud Chulliat, a geomagnetist at the University of Colorado Boulder and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA’s) National Centers for Environmental Information.
The problem lies partly with the moving pole and partly with other shifts deep within the planet. Liquid churning in Earth’s core generates most of the magnetic field, which varies over time as the deep flows change. In 2016, for instance, part of the magnetic field temporarily accelerated deep under northern South America and the eastern Pacific Ocean. Satellites such as the European Space Agency’s Swarm mission tracked the shift.
By early 2018, the World Magnetic Model was in trouble. Researchers from NOAA and the British Geological Survey in Edinburgh had been doing their annual check of how well the model was capturing all the variations in Earth’s magnetic field. They realized that it was so inaccurate that it was about to exceed the acceptable limit for navigational errors.
Wandering pole
“That was an interesting situation we found ourselves in,” says Chulliat. “What’s happening?” The answer is twofold, he reported last month at a meeting of the American Geophysical Union in Washington DC.
First, that 2016 geomagnetic pulse beneath South America came at the worst possible time, just after the 2015 update to the World Magnetic Model. This meant that the magnetic field had lurched just after the latest update, in ways that planners had not anticipated.

Source: World Data Center for Geomagnetism/Kyoto Univ.
Second, the motion of the north magnetic pole made the problem worse. The pole wanders in unpredictable ways that have fascinated explorers and scientists since James Clark Ross first measured it in 1831 in the Canadian Arctic. In the mid-1990s it picked up speed, from around 15 kilometres per year to around 55 kilometres per year. By 2001, it had entered the Arctic Ocean — where, in 2007, a team including Chulliat landed an aeroplane on the sea ice in an attempt to locate the pole.
In 2018, the pole crossed the International Date Line into the Eastern Hemisphere. It is currently making a beeline for Siberia.
The geometry of Earth’s magnetic field magnifies the model’s errors in places where the field is changing quickly, such as the North Pole. “The fact that the pole is going fast makes this region more prone to large errors,” says Chulliat.
To fix the World Magnetic Model, he and his colleagues fed it three years of recent data, which included the 2016 geomagnetic pulse. The new version should remain accurate, he says, until the next regularly scheduled update in 2020.
Core questions
In the meantime, scientists are working to understand why the magnetic field is changing so dramatically. Geomagnetic pulses, like the one that happened in 2016, might be traced back to ‘hydromagnetic’ waves arising from deep in the core1. And the fast motion of the north magnetic pole could be linked to a high-speed jet of liquid iron beneath Canada2.
The jet seems to be smearing out and weakening the magnetic field beneath Canada, Phil Livermore, a geomagnetist at the University of Leeds, UK, said at the American Geophysical Union meeting. And that means that Canada is essentially losing a magnetic tug-of-war with Siberia.
“The location of the north magnetic pole appears to be governed by two large-scale patches of magnetic field, one beneath Canada and one beneath Siberia,” Livermore says. “The Siberian patch is winning the competition.”
Which means that the world’s geomagnetists will have a lot to keep them busy for the foreseeable future.

Nature 565, 143-144 (2019)

doi: 10.1038/d41586-019-00007-1

 

[mudhatter]

Your fate is KPKB all day about impending doom and destruction.

RT is just KGB psyops. No sign that RT sensational headlines are accurate.

 

[tun_dr_m]

Your fate is KPKB all day about impending doom and destruction.

RT is just KGB psyops. No sign that RT sensational headlines are accurate.

RT is the BEST IF TRUTH and FASTEST to Report TRUTH. Check RT every hourly and u be most informed.

 

[syed putra]

So this means what? If i use my compass to see the direction of kaabah in mecca is, its not actually accurate?

 

[mudhatter]

RT is the BEST IF TRUTH and FASTEST to Report TRUTH. Check RT every hourly and u be most informed.

Like how Russia is going to dump the dollar any moment now and ally with China to fight NATO?

 

[sam heng]

They want more money.