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美国衰落后世界将更加危险

matamafia

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布热津斯基预测:美国衰落后世界将更加危险
2012年01月10日 08:21:11
来源: 新华国际


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【美国《外交政策》双月刊1-2月号文章】题:美国之后 副题:在美国衰落的时代,世界呈现何种面貌?不稳定性达到危险程度(作者美国前国家安全顾问兹比格涅夫·布热津斯基)

不久前,一位中国高级官员对一位美国高级官员真诚地说:“然而,请不要让美国过快地衰落。”他显然断定,美国的衰落和中国的崛起都不可避免。这位中国官员的预期是否不可避免还远远不能肯定,但是他在期待美国灭亡的时候持慎重态度是正确的。

不大可能产生有效后继者

如果美国衰落,世界不大可能由一个卓越的后继者主宰——甚至都不是中国。国际形势捉摸不定、全球竞争者之间紧张关系加剧、甚至彻底的混乱,都极有可能是美国衰落的结果。

美国体系要是突然发生大规模的危机,比如另一场金融危机,就会产生迅速的连锁反应,导致全球性的政治和经济混乱,但是,美国不断地走向日益严重的衰落或者无休止地扩大与伊斯兰教的战争,不大可能产生一个有效的全球后继者,甚至在2025年之前都是如此。那时不会有一个大国准备扮演苏联1991年解体之后全世界期望美国扮演的那种角色:一个全球合作的世界新秩序的领导者。更有可能出现的情况是,全球力量和区域力量的重新结盟会在一段漫长的时间里摇摆不定,不会出现大赢家,反而会有更多的输家,国际形势捉摸不定,甚至可能给全球福祉带来致命的危险。随后可能出现的不是一个民主的梦想达到顶峰的世界,而是一个根据独裁主义、民族主义和宗教的不同程度联合加强国家安全的世界。

印度、日本、俄罗斯等世界二流国家和一些欧洲国家的领导人已经在评估美国衰落对其各自国家利益可能产生的影响。日本害怕咄咄逼人的中国主宰亚洲大陆,可能考虑加强与欧洲的关系。印度和日本的领导人可能在考虑的前景是,一旦美国衰落,中国崛起,双方就加强政治合作,甚至军事合作。俄罗斯对美国捉摸不定的前景可能有如意算盘,甚至幸灾乐祸,它几乎肯定会把目光投向前苏联的独立国家。欧洲尚未团结一致,它很有可能朝着几个方向前进:德国和意大利会由于商业利益投靠俄罗斯,法国和无保障的中欧会赞成在政治上加强欧盟国家之间的关系,英国会倾向于操纵欧盟内部的力量平衡,同时与衰落的美国保持其特殊的关系。其他国家可能更快地采取行动,开辟自己在本地区的势力范围:土耳其将在老奥斯曼帝国地区,巴西将在南半球,诸如此类的情况都会发生。然而,这些国家都不会具备甚至考虑继承美国的领导角色所需的那种经济、金融、技术和军事力量。

中国尚未淮备好扮演美国角色

中国始终被说成是美国未来的后继者,它有令人敬畏的帝国历史以及慎重而耐心的战略传统,这两点对它极其成功的几千年历史至关重要。因此,中国慎重地接受现有的国际体系,即使它并不认为流行的等级体系永久不变。它认识到,成功不仅取决于该体系的戏剧性崩溃,而且还取决于它向循序渐进的力量重新分布的演变。此外,基本现实是,中国尚未作好在世界上扮演美国的全部角色的准备。北京的领导人屡次强调说,按照发展、财富和力量的每一个重要尺度衡量,中国今后几十年仍将是一个进行现代化建设的发展中国家,在现代化状态和综合国力等重要人均指标方面不仅远远落后于美国,还落后于欧洲和日本。因此,中国领导人一直不公开声称处于全球领先地位。

然而,在某个时候,更加咄咄逼人的中国民族主义可能抬头,损害中国的国际利益。北京要是妄自尊大,采取民族主义,就会无意中动员一个强大的区域联盟同它作对。中国的主要邻国——印度、日本和俄罗斯——都不准备承认中国在全球图腾柱上接替美国位置的资格。由此引发的区域性争夺可能非常激烈,尤其是鉴于中国邻国同样的民族主义倾向。亚洲随后可能出现一个国际关系非常紧张的阶段。那么,21世纪的亚洲就可能开始重现 20世纪的欧洲的景象——暴力和嗜血。

全球共同利益可能受到削弱

与此同时,一些在地缘政治上接近区域大国的弱国的安全取决于靠美国的全球主导地位巩固的国际现状——也会随着美国的衰落变得更加脆弱。处于这种危险状况的国家和地区——包括格鲁吉亚、韩国、白俄罗斯、乌克兰、阿富汗、巴基斯坦、以色列和大中东—— 在如今的地缘政治上相当于自然界的最濒危物种。它们的命运与美国衰落留下的国际自然环境息息相关。

美国的衰落还可能使它与墨西哥的战略伙伴关系陷入险境。美国经济的活力和政治稳定迄今为止减轻了经济依赖、移民和毒品走私等敏感的邻邦问题构成的许多挑战。然而,美国力量的衰落很有可能削弱美国经济和政治体系的健康和准确判断力。一个衰落的美国很有可能有更多的民族主义表现,更加强烈地捍卫其国家特性,对其国土安全更加多疑,更不愿意为别国的发展牺牲资源。如果衰落的美国同内部陷入困境的墨西哥的关系出现恶化,就可能引起一种特别不祥的现象:从历史上找到正当理由、以边境事件为诱因的领土要求,这是民族主义唤起的墨西哥政治斗争中的重大问题。

美国衰落的另一个后果可能是削弱全球共同利益——海上通道、太空、网络空间和环境——的普遍合作的管理。这些共同利益的保护对于全球经济的长期增长以及基本地缘政治的持续稳定极其重要。在几乎每一种情况下,建设性和有影响力的美国角色的可能缺失,会对全球共同利益的基本公有状态构成致命的破坏,因为美国力量的优势和无处不在,创建了通常会发生冲突的秩序。

这一切不一定会发生。对下述情况的担心也不是美国取得全球优势的理由:美国的衰落会造成全球的不安全,危及一些脆弱的国家,加重北美邻国的麻烦。事实上,在21世纪,世界的战略复杂性使这样的优势无法实现。但是,那些现在梦想美国会崩溃的人大概会感到遗憾。美国之后的世界会变得越来越复杂,越来越混乱,因此,美国应该为其外交政策寻求一种新的、及时的战略构想,否则就开始准备迎接向全球混乱的危险滑落吧。
 

cunnosieur

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Brzezinski predicted: the United States after the decline of the world will be even more dangerous
January 10, 2012
Source: Xinhua international



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"United States foreign policy, bi-monthly magazine, January-February issue article" problem: the United States following sub-themes: in the United States the decline of the era, rendering the world face? Unstable dangerously (author of United States national security adviser before zibigeniefu·burejinsiji)


Not long ago, a senior Chinese official to one United States senior officials in good faith that: "However, please don't let the United States that rapid decline. "He apparently concluded that the United States of decline and the rise of China is inevitable. The Chinese officials ' expected if inevitable fall far short of positive, but he's looking forward to the United States wiped out when the realisation is the right one.


Is unlikely to produce an efficient successor


If the United States fall, the world is not likely to dominated by one of the Premier's successors – not even China. Uncertainty in the international situation, tensions among global competitors, and even complete chaos, are most likely to be United States decline results.


United States system of large-scale crisis if all of a sudden, such as another financial crisis, would produce rapid knock-on effect, leading to global political and economic turmoil, but the United States continue to decline or becoming increasingly serious, endlessly expanding war with Islam, are unlikely to produce an effective global successors, even by the year 2025 is true. At that time there will not be a nation prepared to play after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 the world expected United States playing the kind of role: leader of a new world order of global cooperation. More likely is that global and regional forces renewed Alliance of swaying in a long time there will be no winners, but there will be more losers, the international situation is uncertain, and even might pose a mortal danger to global well-being. Then reached its peak may occur is not a democratic dream world, but one based on authoritarianism, nationalism and religious differences combined with strengthening national security in the world.


India, and Japan, and Russia such as second-rate countries around the world, and some European leaders have in the assessment of the State United States decline possible impact to their respective national interests. Japan fear of aggressive Chinese dominated Asian continent may consider strengthening relations with Europe. India and Japan may be considered by the leaders of prospects is, once the United States fall, the rise of China, on the strengthening of political cooperation between the two sides, and even military cooperation. Russia to the United States uncertain prospects may be wishful thinking, or even Schadenfreude, it will almost certainly look into independent States of the former Soviet Union. Europe is not yet United, it is likely to move in the direction: Germany and Italy because of commercial interests take refuge in Russia, France and the insecurity of Central will support the political strengthening of relations between the EU countries, United Kingdom tend to control the balance of power within the EU, and the decline of the United States maintains its special relationship. Other countries may take action more quickly, opening up their sphere of influence in the region: Turkey in the area of the old Ottoman Empire, Brazil in the southern hemisphere, something will happen. However, these countries will not have even considered inherited United States leadership role needed the kind of economic, financial, technological and military power.


China has yet to Huai-prepare to play United States roles


China has always been said to be United States's successors in the future, it has awesome Imperial history and careful patient strategy of tradition, these two points are essential to its successful for thousands of years. Therefore, China cautiously accept the existing international system, even if it did not consider popular hierarchy not constant. It recognizes that success depends not only on the dramatic collapse of the system, but also to the gradual evolution of the redistribution of power. In addition, the basic reality is that China has not made the world to play United States prepared of all the roles. The leaders in Beijing have repeatedly stressed that, in accordance with the development, wealth and power of every important measure, China over the next few decades will be an ongoing modernization of developing countries, in the modern State and per capita indicators of overall national strength, and other important elements are not only far below the United States also lags behind Europe and Japan. Therefore, China's leaders have not publicly claimed is the world leader.


However, at some point, more aggressive Chinese nationalism may rise, damaging China's international interests. If Beijing arrogance, nationalism, inadvertently mobilized a strong regional alliance against it. China's main neighbours--India, and Japan and Russia – not ready to recognize China in the world on the totem pole to replace United States position qualifications. Resulting regional competition can be very intense, especially in the light of China's neighbors the same nationalistic. Asia then there may be a very tense period in international relations. Then, in 21st century Asia may start to reproduce scenes of 20th century Europe--violent and bloodthirsty.


Global common interest may be weakened


The same time, some closer to regional powers of weaker States in the geopolitical security depends on the United States dominance of consolidation of the international status quo--as the United States declined to become more vulnerable. Countries and regions in such dangerous situations--including Georgia, and Korea, and Belarus, and Ukraine, and Afghanistan, Pakistan, Israel and dazhongdong – in today's geopolitical equivalent of nature's most endangered species. Their fate and the United States decline is closely related to the natural environment of the international left.


United States the decline could also put it to the Mexico strategic partnership was in danger. United States economic dynamism and political stability so far to reduce their economic dependence, sensitive neighbors issues such as immigration and drug trafficking pose many challenges. However, the United States forces the decline is likely to weaken the United States economy and the political system's health and accurate judgment. A decline of the United States is likely to have more nationalist manifestations, to defend its national identity more strongly, more skeptical to homeland security, but also not willing to pay for the development of other countries at the expense of resources. If the decline of the United States with internal troubled Mexico relations deteriorate, it is possible to cause a particularly ominous phenomenon: from history to find legitimate reasons, to border incidents as incentive for territorial claims, it was nationalism aroused Mexico major issues of political struggle.


United States another consequence of the decline could weaken the global common good – sea channel, space, Web space and environment--universal cooperation management. The protection of common interests for the long-term growth of the global economy and geopolitical stability is extremely important. In almost every case, the constructive and influential United States roles may be missing, to global common interest basic public domain status, causing fatal damage, because United States force strengths and ubiquitous, the order created a conflict typically occurs.


All this may not arise. Following concerns nor the United States for global advantage reasons: United States decline causes of global insecurity, threatening the fragile States, add to the neighbouring countries of North America's troubles. In fact, in the 21st century, the world's strategic complexity so that this advantage could not be achieved. But those dreams now United States crashes are probably regrets. United States after the world becomes increasingly complex, more and more confused, so the United States should seek a new, timely for its foreign policy strategy, or slipping began preparing for the global risk of confusion.
 

CakeLengKia

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it is also dangerous if china replace usa as the leader of the world

do you want a autocratic country with no human rights to led the world?
 
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