Abolishment of accountability (By-elections vz GRC system), means train disruptions are a realistic expectation.
Honestly, PAP will never achieve top notch rail service [Ref.3] because our parliament elections system is significantly flawed.
GRC was never designed primarily to include minorities. It was principally designed to reduce ruling party political accountability because pre 1988 (when GRC was then introduced), there was in average, one by-election every GE cycle.
Thereafter, although total size of parliament grew by at least double digits %, by-elections became an almost extinct occasion (with chances as low as striking the national lottery).
By-elections are an essential if not critical period of policy/ political reckoning, in fact, more so than GE (it is something like USA mid term election , a mark of approval rating for ruling political party) IMHO, because indeed, the real contest is more of ideology than of actual replacement MP selection (although this is the immediate objective) since it's likely that all political parties will use the by-election as a debate/ outreach platform and the PAP is finally restrained from its usual gerrymandering and snap election tactics (since boundaries are already fixed at the last GE) and the by-election is as predictable as it is guaranteed according to the constitution (for SMC (within a reasonable time frame))- so the dual unpredictability during GE of election boundaries and snap GE election period isn't a valid PAP crutch during by-election run up/ periods, thus making by-elections much more an anticipated (could be up to ~6 months because unless there is a conspiracy, PAP EXCO wouldn't be aware of an MP vacancy until it has already happened), policy focused debate than GE, IMHO- a mini political policy referendum of sorts- a great education, conversation topic and nation building experience for citizens to gain democratic maturity if not literateracy. The more by-elections are abolish, the less politically literate the electorate and the more disconnected are the incumbent political party with what the electorate actually wants.
Even during LKY time, LKY was forced to acknowledge/ respect his own ministers and MP because anybody at significant odds with PAP EXCO can simply resign and trigger a by-election (according to the constitution) if their political differences hit boiling point and then a by-election serves as a mid term election, a quasi national referendum of sorts- public political interest will rocket, and the by-election constituency will judge if PAP EXCO decision was acceptable or not. This is how the Westminster parliamentry system of elections was designed to work and still works now.
Today, the PAP EXCO can more powerfully control PAP MP decisions than PAP EXCO/ LKY pre 1988 ever could , and almost completely eliminate any GRC PAP MP politically, if not permanently, just simply by political party membership dismissal. Both the incumbent MP and the electorate are thus very significant victims of despotic political censorship because the by-election recourse to demand accountability from the incumbent political majority are now abolished, like a rug pulled from under their feet; rights to choice of political representation have now been thrown under the bus to secure unquestioned incumbent political party rule, which in short, is basically mainly determined through gerrymandering plagued snap elections, occuring once every 5.5 years.
By introducing the GRC system and surreptitiously making by-elections unnecessary using seductive reasons, PAP managed to exponentially increase the power of the PAP EXCO to run roughshod. Even a replacement of missing minority MP in GRC is now deemed unnecessary according to the new 1988 GRC rules, so minority race inclusion was actually merely a seductive excuse, or not?
PAP even explained in parliament that the reason why GRC should not undergo by-election after minority MP left, is that the minority MP cannot hold the other GRC MP hostage to by-election by strategically choosing to leave, omitting the elephant in room situation where the minority MP actually was dismissed from political party or resigned as she wanted to be president etc. Actually, PAP is being deceptive by using this lame argument(/excuse) to hold the entire country hostage to excuse PAP from the accountability of by-election (the equivalent of USA mid term elections); a deceptive argument to bypass the equivalent of a mini national policy debate/ referendum vz by-election, established Singapore parliament practise since independence till 1988, using minority race representation as a decoy, what a genius rule by a political despot to use the racial representation excuse decoy to abolish accountability for very significant political decisions (like sacking a PAP MP for PAP policy disagreement). Minister Chan Chun Seng said in parliament that a minority race MP shouldn't hold the rest of MP hostage to by-election process by strategically choosing to resign. Minister Chan forgot that an MP position isn't a right but a privilege and just as GCT said to effect that GRC was designed so PAP MP could enter parliament by back door vz coat tails of minister [Ref.1], hopefully PAP GRC MP are upright enough to also opt for by-election of the GRC upon absence of one member to uphold the fact that it's is not a right but a privilege to hold an MP position.
The resignation of a GRC MP ought to have been minister Chan CS opportunity to regain the trust of the electorate, yet he let his despotic intentions speak, seems he is now too comfortable with his sense of entitlement of his seat in parliament and power his own coat tails wield, (even minority race representation seems not his priority now- it disappears upon the declaration of GE results, vanishing as does Cinderella's pumpkin, only to re-appear when convenient, within the next 5.5years).
Indeed, minority are now reduced to just token representatives and sometimes, token clowns are chosen just to achieve statistical GRC race representation ratios (e.g. Raeesah Khan). Minorities are diminished because this is just statistics and less meritocratic and their representation, besides satisfying ratios, probably a selection by incumbent ruling party for a favourable party public relations spokesman, racially suitable, to brainwash the minority race. The token few minority MP are selected for being PAP mouth pieces- to suit majority race interest maybe (aka PAP wolf in decoy sheep clothing). Somewhat akin to the PAP director of brainwashing appointments holding the title of 'advisor to grassroots organisations' within the People's Association- perhaps so adept at repeating slogans, even doubling their numbers won't do minority communities much use except feel even more like failures themselves.
Minorities would probably feel more dignity and feel better represented under a SMC election system with guaranteed minority NCMP or perhaps a hybrid 3 member GRC and SMC with minority NCMP system so ardent minorities (especially political independents) will get unencumbered, non-aprtisan parliament exposure and eventually be even elected full constituency MP in a majority race constituency- the true proof of minority race acceptance, not by legislation but by vote, not by ratios but by choice, not a decoy or turncoat suitable to brainwash minority groups but a true leader of minority race but also a leader by merit the majority race totally trust. But with current PAP biased GRC system focused on reducing the political accountability of the majority party, such racial equality in election candidacy standing is forever subservient if not victim to PAP political empire expansion and arguably, complicit towards PAP political unaccountablity. True racial equality/ cohesion is thus being held hostage to despotic rule.
And worse, a person like LKY in today's Singapore parliament elections will today never succeed in this prejudiced and biased election rules. The fair political playing field of Singapore's PAP's then 1950's opportunity have today been peverted. In the beginning, PAP under LKY was a tiny party in opposition with only one handful of candidates and yet they had a good chance in a 100% single seat type parliament with level playing field elections . Today, ~90% seats are GRC so single seats are commonly 3 or more cornered fights. Though LKY was then a determined genius, it might well be so that in current Singapore's dystopian parliamentary electorial system, PAP would not have succeeded in gaining any foothold into parliament. To hope for parliamentarians with the same grumption and commitment as 1G Singapore government is like expecting male papaya trees to bear fruit. Coat tail MPs like minister Chan CS are now only good at presenting seductive arguments in parliament to secure their own despotic political ambitions. They find every excuse to avoid political accountability and credit to him (and also almost all Singapore Prime Ministers, they now have earned themselves a guaranteed job within the Trump administration, or perhaps any other despotic political party, how to bypass the problem of mid term elections to establish roughshod rule in almost any country on earth.
So I have explained how dystopian the GRC electorial system in Singapore is now and how unworthy or unmeritoriously elected the current leadership is and how political accountability has been expediently abolished vz the GRC system in its 1988 inception till now.
Even racial equality, where subtly held ranson by PAP GRC 1988 election rules, deemed exploited by the ruling party in GRC elections, can subtly present as workplace conflict as different races now don't trust each other as much as they ideally could (majority race feel they are giving minority concessions vz abolishment of by-elections and minority feel their PAP determined race representatives are like turncoats, always political party mouthpieces which naturally are speaking the racial majority interest given the national racial demographic proportions, this is just well camouflaged ingrained racism, not real racial equality except by forced coexistence achieved by brutal censorship and despotic political force just as minority race parliament representation is achieved through statistical contortions). Add new issues like aging population, geopolitical conflict etc etc plus the fast dimming of LKY legacy where LKY in his elderly years, with his marbles increasingly replaced by an addiction to power, gave his offspring the ultimate can of worms inheritance gift. Solve the divine schrodinger cat inheritance instructions of the family home, both demolish the house and retain it at the same time. To their death bed, it seems the Lee siblings will not reconcile because this big can of worms is sufficient to destroy the relations between the entire LKY generation of offspring. Lee siblings are not as immortal as their father LKY imagined himself to be when he dictated such instructions, LKYs instructions have forever torn his own family apart.
Such too is the tragedy of the Singapore tomorrow, the last few prime ministers have progressively poisoned the well of fair elections. GRC election rules as they are, are like a cancer destroying the host. By-elections, akin mid term election approval ratings, are vital organs of a functioning democracy. These vital organs are now invaded by cancerous mindsets the like of Minister Chan CS who devise GRC as a means to abolish by-elections and thus silence the concept of approval ratings vz by-election outcomes. They find accountability and transparency such a nuisance and for all seductive reasons, ought to be abolished in favour of their entitlement to be MPs from the day they were trafficked through gerrymandering and snap elections, in ministers coat tails during GE into parliament where they remain to this day.
I dunno who designed the GRC system to primarily benefit incumbent political despotic/ dynastic interest over racial equality and political transparency- it is the work of an evil political/ maths genius, perhaps sponsored by those equally vile. Successive Singapore prime ministers, as Secretary General of their ruling political parties have maximum to gain from the immediacy of unquestioned despotic rule..
These are fatal flaws of a national constitution written to abolish political accountablity at the expediency of incumbent political partisan despotic rule.
I cannot discount the possiblity for a state monarchy to also have the most reliable train network in the world, but ultimately transparency and integrity is usually the hallmark values in whatever political system in use.
To introduce GRC sytem as a means to bypass by-elections and thus significantly abolish the political accountability vz anticipated and properly conducted by-elections in favour of entitlement of coat tails MP position, means top class standards metro system standards become very elusive to achieve henceforth, as transparency and integrity are systematically sidelined at parliament level, except vz the usual statistical contortions, the likes of which make North Korea a democratic republic (DPRK).
A sustainably top notch metro system performance is thus not to be expected for the aforementioned reasons layed out.
References:
1) 'Without some assurance of a good chance of winning at least their first election, many able and successful young Singaporeans may not risk their careers to join politics,' Mr Goh Chok Tong, The Straits Times, June 27, 2006, 'GRCs make it easier to find top talent: SM'
https://ibb.co/hx3d8zLc
https://i.ibb.co/j9nw4Xbz/SAVE-20250923-234925.jpg
2) How PAP uses taxpayer-funded grassroots for political gain, 10 Oct 2009, Re: PA-PAP 'advisor to grassroots organisations' , "Not many Singaporeans are aware of how much the taxpayer-funded grassroots have been used by the PAP for political gain".
https://geraldgiam.sg/2009/10/how-p...grassroots-for-political-gain/comment-page-1/
3) Parliament
Acting Transport Minister says zero train disruptions unrealistic but pledges stronger commuter support, The Online Citizen, 22 Sept2025,
https://www.theonlinecitizen.com/20...listic-but-pledges-stronger-commuter-support/