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In 1849, the Spanish colonial govt assigned Spanish surnames to all Filipinos for taxation and admin purposes. Therefore, a family name like Fernandez or Martinez indicates historical imposition rather than any Spanish heritage. More than 90% of Filipinos ended up with Spanish surnames, leading many of them to claim that they are descendants of Europeans, even though they were simply assigned by the colonial administrators. In fact, many present day Filipinos identify themselves as having Spanish blood even though only around 3% do have a European ancestor.